Caries In First Molars Research Articles

The Impact of Early Childhood Factors on Dental Caries Incidence in First Permanent Molars: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study

The development of dental caries in first permanent molars has been extensively investigated. However, studies are inconclusive in determining the influence of contextual and individual factors on dental caries incidence in this group of teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of contextual and individual factors on dental caries incidence in first permanent molars. This 7-year cohort study was conducted with children (1–5 years of age) who had been assessed initially in a survey performed in 2010. Dental caries was assessed at the baseline through the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Contextual and individual variables were collected at baseline and included the presence of cultural community centers in the neighborhood as well as demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and biological characteristics. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to investigate the influence of individual and contextual characteristics on dental caries incidence in first permanent molars (relative risk [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Of the 639 children examined at baseline, a total of 449 were reassessed after 7 years (70.3% retention rate). Children who lived in neighborhoods with cultural community centers had a lower risk of dental caries in first permanent molars at the follow-up (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.62–0.99). Children from families with a low income (RR 1.34; 95% CI 1.03–1.76) and poor parental perception of children’s oral health (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18–2.06) were associated with a higher risk of dental caries in first molars. In conclusion, individual and contextual determinants showed an important role in the incidence of caries in first permanent molars.

Effectiveness of fluoride varnish on caries in the first molars of primary schoolchildren: a 3-year longitudinal study in Guangxi Province, China

To evaluate the effectiveness of 5% sodium fluoride varnish on caries in first permanent molars and to assess the suitability of using this method to control caries among children in rural areas of Guangxi province, China. A total of nine schools with 32 classes were selected by simple random sampling. There were 999 students in the experimental group and 1,004 in the control group. The experimental group received oral health education and topical application of 5% sodium fluoride varnish, while the control group received oral health education only. Dental examinations were performed in November 2014 and November 2017, and the modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) was used to record the caries status of the first permanent molars. The data were entered into SPSS 22 for statistical analysis. A total of 1,748 students (853 in the experimental group and 895 in the control group) completed the study. After 3years of intervention, the experimental group had a lower prevalence of caries, a lower caries increment, a lower decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index and a lower decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) index compared with the control group (respectively: 58.9% vs 65.5%, 34.8% vs 42.1%, 1.38 vs 1.59 and 2.06 vs 2.38). All the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In this study population, twice-yearly application of 5% sodium fluoride varnish and oral health education were more effective for preventing caries in first permanent molars than oral health education alone. The implementation of fluoride varnish application as a public health measure in schools in rural areas is recommended.

The Prevalence of Caries of First Molars and Its Role in the Occurrence of Occlusal Disorders

To study the caries lesion of the first molars we used the results of our research about the prevalence of tooth decay in young people, who live in the districts with low level of fluoride. 300 students of first 3 years of study at Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University at the age of 17 to 20 were examined for the research of prevalence of tooth decay. They were the citizens of Ivano-Frankivsk city, Nadvirna districrt, Verhovyna district and Rivne region. Clinical examination included medical history and oral cavity examination with the help of dental probe and detection device diagnodent (Kavo). We found that, regardless of the place of residence, the prevalence of acute and chronic tooth decay of the first molars was the highest. Occlusal decay was observed most commonly (38,3%). The established regularities of the prevalence of caries lesions in the first molars point to the necessity of development and realization of treatment measures for the prevention of occlusal disorders.

Prenatal and familial factors of caries in first permanent molars in schoolchildren living in urban area of Łódź, Poland

The objective of the present work is to identify the set of prenatal and familial factors that contribute to dental caries of first permanent molars in preschool and young schoolchildren, which will make it possible to determine a high-risk group that should be considered for special preventive measures. This study contributes to the evidence for the multifactorial nature of dental caries. Material was collected during a 2009–2010 study conducted in randomly selected schools and kindergartens in the city of Łódź (Poland). Only children with first permanent molars present were considered for the analysis, which limited the database to 1131 children. Dental examinations were accompanied by a questionnaire completed by the parents, covering items pertaining to prenatal and familial determinants. The present study shows that there are significant differences in the prevalence of caries in first molars between children of different ages (5–13 lat) and that no such differences exist between boys and girls. The prenatal and familial factors conducive to caries include maternal education level (OR=0.55), mode of delivery (OR=0.63) and birth order (OR=0.63). Mothers’ smoking habit is also associated with increased caries prevalence in children. Caries prevention should already begin during the prenatal period primarily in respect of mothers with lower educational attainment who are pregnant with a second or subsequent child.

第一大臼歯小か裂溝部初期う蝕の進行について フッ化物洗口群と非洗口群との比較

The progression rate of newly occurred pit and fissure incipient caries of first molars was investigated every 6 months for 24 months. The subjects were 93 1st and 2nd grade elementary school children who did not perform school-based fluoride mouthrinsing. The progression rate after 12 months was approximately 60%, and the non-progression rate was approximately 40%. Cumulative progression rates after 12 months were approximately 60% for the 1st grade, and 40% for the 2nd grade, and the same rates after 24 months were 70% for the 1st grade, and 60% for the 2nd grade. These data were compared with our previous data derived from the same grade of elementary school children who performed school-based fluoride mouthrinsing. There was no statistical difference in the progression of incipient caries between these two schools. This lack of difference may be explained in terms of the complicated form of pits and fissures, or it may be that the fluoride mouthrinsing period was too short to be effective against caries progression.

乳歯う蝕のり患状況に関する疫学的研究 Ｉ． ３歳児う蝕の多寡に関わる要因分析

The purpose of this survey was to quantify potential relationships between dmft (dmfs) scores at 3.5 years of age and sociodemographic variables, parental characteristics, nutritional characteristics, oral health practice, and fluoride application.Dental health services for children 1.5 to 4 years old are provided at a health center in Niigata City. The dental health program is based on a six-month recall system. The program is composed of dental examinations, obtaining information through a questionnaire on the above-mentioned variables, individual dental health education for mothers based on the information obtained by the questionnaire, and fluoride application for children who desire it.This survey was conducted longitudinally in the program on children from 1.5 to 3.5 years of age. The information was obtained by examinations of tooth surfaces and by questionnaires on the abovementioned variables.The subjects analyzed were 286 children who received dental examinations and dental health services more than four times from 1.5 to 3.5 years of age.Stepwise multiple regression analyses (step up method) were used to develop models which are useful in explaining dmft (dmfs) scores by various combinations of independent variables. Eight dependent variables were analysed. These variables were dmft scores, upper anterior dmft, molar dmft, first molar dmft, second molar dmft, buccal-lingual dmfs, proximal dmfs and pit-fissure dmfs. The 23 independent variables were adopted from the information accumulated by the questionnaires filled out for children up to 3 years of age and were each indicated by a constant value, mode, or mean in character with these variables.The results showed that the independent variables (multiple correlation coefficient R=0.46, p<0.01) associated with dmft scores at 3.5 years of age were ‘Region’, ‘Sweets and beverages’, ‘Method of infant feeding’, ‘Parents and guardians’, ‘Mother's DMFT score’, ‘Period of infant feeding’, ‘Frequency of snacks’, ‘Age at start of weaning’ and ‘Experience of fluoride application’ in order of the highest partial correlation coefficient.The independent variables associated with the seven other dependent variables, which were the dmf scores according to tooth groups, tooth types, and tooth surfaces, were different according to the dependent variables. If the independent variables were the same, the order of the partial correlation coefficients in which the independent variable was associated with the dependent variable was different.The independent variable ‘Region’ was highly associated with the dmf scores of all tooth types and all tooth surfaces. Children from the urban area had lower dmf scores than children from two rural areas.The variables in relation to infant feeding habits, ‘Method of infant feeding’ and ‘Period of infant feeding’, were concerned with dental caries in teeth which erupted during the period of infant feeding. The longer children were fed, the higher the dmft score was. The number of dental caries was higher in breast-fed children.In the variables concerning sweets and beverages, ‘Frequency’, ‘Sweets and beverages’ and ‘Sucrose intake from foods which have a long clearance time’ were associated with dental caries. These variables are known to have an influence on the cariogenicity of foods containing sugar. ‘Mother's DMFT score’ was associated with her child's dental caries in molars. It is supposed that the occulusal form is likely to be inherent.‘Frequency of fluoride application’ was related to the prevention of dental caries in first molars which had optimum oppotunities for fluoride application from the time of eruption and had relatively more caries on the proximal surfaces.