Caries In Schoolchildren Research Articles

Dietary Preferences and Potential Impact on Dental Hard Tissue Diseases in Schoolchildren of Osh Region, Kyrgyz Republic

Dental caries, known as one of the civilization diseases, leads to chronic progressive destruction of teeth, impaired aesthetics, inflammatory and other complications. The conducted study of ethnic, dietary preferences and their potential influence on the prevalence and intensity of dental caries in schoolchildren of the Kyrgyzstan highland region showed a moderate degree of intensity and prevalence in the deciduous dentition (6-7 years) — 94.2%. In the permanent bite (11-12 years) — 95.5%. The average prevalence of caries of permanent teeth in schoolchildren 6-17 years old was 77.7%. Increased consumption of sugar-containing products and carbonated drinks was determined.

The oral health situation and treatment need of schoolchildren Afghanistan: a cross-sectional study.

The present study explores the treatment need for dental caries in schoolchildren in Herat, Afghanistan. A convenience sample of 13 schools were selected for the study. All schools were located in the urban areas near Herat and were selected through allocation by the Ministry of Health, which also approved the study protocol. In the schools, classes were allocated by the principal of the school. All the children in the allocated classes were included in the survey. Data collection was performed in the school setting by trained Afghan dentist examiners. To measure caries experience, DMFT/dmft scores were used, counting the number of decayed (measured at both white spot (D≥1) and cavitation level (D≥3), according to WHO criteria), missing and filled teeth. Dental caries is a considerable oral health problem in the study population. The present sample has a high proportion of untreated carious lesions and a very low level of restorative care. Moreover, significant differences were shown in relation to gender and age groups. The present survey results confirm the need for professional operative and preventive oral health care in this region.

Obesity and Dental Caries in School Children

(1) Background: Childhood obesity and dental caries are common chronic conditions with multiple contributing factors, linked to negative health consequences and significant expenses in healthcare. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between obesity and dental caries in school-aged children; (2) Methods: Data from 3323 6–12-year-old children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2016 were analyzed. The NHANES was conducted at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States. The CDC standard was used to define obesity. Dental caries was measured during clinical examinations and summarized using DMFT scores for caries experience and prevalence (dt > 0) for untreated caries. The study examined the correlation between obesity and dental caries using regression models that considered demographic variables, family socioeconomic status, and the child’s intake of added sugars as controlling factors; (3) Results: The association between obesity and dental caries was not significant in either unadjusted or adjusted models; and (4) Conclusion: The data indicate that untreated caries and caries experiences are not directly correlated with childhood obesity. There are, however, common causes of poor dental health and childhood obesity: culture, poverty level, lifestyle, and family traditions and habits. Dentists must be aware of factors influencing the development of childhood caries so that they can intervene as early as possible.

Prevalence of Dental Caries in Schoolchildren from the Galapagos Islands: ESSO-Gal Cohort Report.

Dental caries remains a prevalent disease worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have shown that it affects the oral health of the pediatric population, and the Galapagos population in Ecuador is no exception. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its association, based on baseline information from the Galapagos Oral Health Study (ESSO-Gal), in children of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 804 children aged 2-11 years. The prevalence of dental caries was assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria, while the presence of dental biofilm was assessed using the Silness-Löe index. Descriptive statistics, including frequency analysis and measures of central tendency and dispersion, were performed. Inferential statistical analyses were conducted to identify associations between variables. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 25.0 statistical program. The caries prevalence rates based on ICDAS II codes 1-6, 1-2, and 3-6 were 98.01%, 96.9%, and 85%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed among the different islands regarding the cutoff point for ICDAS II codes 3-6 (p ≤ 0.001). Participants aged 6-11 years had the highest caries prevalence. The results show a high prevalence of dental caries among children in the Galapagos Islands, which increases with age. Contrary to expectations, the study did not find a significant correlation between the severity of dental caries and the presence of dental biofilm.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of Nanosilver Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries in School Children.

The study evaluated the effectiveness of nanosilver fluoride (NSF) in arresting dental caries in 4-8-year-old school children. The two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial included a total of 148 children aged 4-8 years with active carious lesions. Children were randomly divided into two groups: group I-NSF (n = 74); and group II-water (placebo and n = 74). Baseline data were recorded using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II criteria, and the teeth were treated with either of the solutions. Later, the teeth were evaluated by two blinded examiners for the lesion activity using ICDAS II criteria at 1, 3, and 6-month intervals. The obtained data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test for intergroup comparison and Cochran's Q test for intragroup comparison. Cohen's κ test was used to check the interexaminer and intraexaminer variability. Carious teeth treated with NSF have shown 56.3, 59.2, and 62% arrested carious lesions, whereas the placebo group has shown 0, 2.9, and 4.4% arrested lesions at 1, 3, and 6-month intervals, respectively. NSF showed a high statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in arresting dental caries compared to the control group at all the time intervals. Nanosilver fluoride (NSF) is found to be effective in arresting dental caries without staining carious lesions. Therefore, it can be used to reduce the bacterial load for caries stabilization in the initial phase of the comprehensive treatment protocol for the management of children with active caries lesions. Most of the decayed teeth in the primary dentition remain untreated either because of inaccessible dental services or the uncooperativeness of children. Hence, there is an absolute need for a cariostatic agent which arrests the progression of caries in a simple and noninvasive manner. The results of this study evidence that NSF effectively arrests dental caries in primary teeth. Hence, this can be a very economical way of arresting caries in the population who don't have access to regular dental treatment. Devi C, Chandrasekhar R, Vinay C, et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of Nanosilver Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries in School Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):667-670.

Prevalence and severity of dental caries in school children in Saudi Arabia: A nationwide cross-sectional study

AimThis nationwide study assessed the prevalence and severity of dental caries in 6-, 12-, and 15-year-old school children across Saudi Arabia. This study examined differences between genders and among regions regarding the mean values of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT), the care index (CI), and the significant caries index (SiC index). Materials and methodsData from 19,870 participants, 10,435 males and 9435 females, were collected using stratified multistage cluster random sampling. The survey team divided Saudi Arabia into five regions (northern, eastern, western, southern, and middle). To represent each respective region, a large city, two random towns (peri-urban), and four random rural areas were selected for surveying. Lastly, the sampling technique was applied by choosing random schools and random classes within the selected schools. Dental caries were assessed using the dmft/DMFT score, CI, and the top 30% and 10% of the sample dmft/DMFT scores (SiC30 and SiC10, respectively). ResultsThe overall prevalence of caries was 65.6%, with 72.1 occurring in primary teeth and 61.7% in permanent teeth. The percentages of individuals with missing teeth and filled teeth were 9.0% and 20.5%, respectively. The mean dmft was 3.93 ± 3.60, while the mean DMFT was 2.42 ± 2.52; most of the DMFT components were significantly higher in females than males, while the dmft components were higher in males. The northern region had the highest and worst DMFT/dmft ratios of the five regions. The mean SiC30 and SiC10 values were significantly higher than the overall average DMFT/dmft values (P < 0.001). ConclusionDental caries remain a public health challenge among school children in Saudi Arabia. The SiC and CI analysis indicated that caries management had a high overall efficacy, but that certain groups of the population may need targeted management in the future.

Risk Factors for Dental Caries in School Children: a Systemic Study

Caries tooth is multifactorial disease that is most often found in school-age children. Risk factors that need attention are age, gender, fluoride levels, role of parents, eating sweet habits and level of parental knowledge. This systematic study aims to describe the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of dental caries in school children. Search article done through the Garuda Indonesia Portal database, Scholar, Scopus, and Scene Direct and Pubmed in June 2023. The inclusion criteria were research with an observational study design and a focus on the relationship of risk factors (age, sex, fluoride levels, parental roles, eating sweet habits and level of parental knowledge) with dental caries in school children, published between 2018-2023. There are 8 articles reviewed. Risk factors such as age, gender, fluoride levels, role of parents, sweet eating habits and level of parental knowledge have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of dental caries in children. school. Age, type gender, fluoride level , role of parents, habit of eating sweet and level of knowledge of parents increase the risk of dental caries in children.

The Relationship of Caries Risk Factor and Caries Experience Index

Dental caries is the most common disease in the oral cavity. Caries in school children is increasing every year. Many factors cause dental caries, including food content, feeding frequency, plaque abundance, fluorine program, salivary secretion, and buffer capacity. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for caries with the number of Decay Missing Filling Teeth in 5th-grade students at SDN.22 / VI in Jambi City.&#x0D; This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study population was the 5th-grade students of SDN.22 / VI Jambi City, and the entire population is the object of research. The data were collected by filling out questionnaires and examination sheets to determine caries risk factors for DMF-T numbers. This study analyzed the data statistically using chi-square analysis to see the risk factors for caries with the Decay Missing Filling Teeth number for 5th-grade students of SDN.22 / VI, Jambi City.&#x0D; The results of this study state that there is no significant relationship between diseases that affect the DMF-T number (P value = 0.543). There is a significant relationship between food content and DMF-T numbers (P value = 0.000). A significant relationship was found between the frequency of eating with the DMF-T number (P value = 0.000), and there is no significant relationship between the fluorine program and the DMF-T rate in 5th-grade students of SDN.22 / VI Jambi City (P value = 0.464.)

Epidemiological study on dental caries in schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study

This paper aimed to describe the prevalence of dental caries in Quilombola schoolchildren aged 5 to 12 years using the DEF-T (decayed, extracted and filled teeth) and DMF-T (decayed, missing and filled teeth) indices. A cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 47 schoolchildren, aged between 5 and 12 years old, of both sexes, in a municipal school located in a Quilombola community in the Tocantins state (Brazil). The participants underwent a clinical oral examination, performed by a dentist. Despite the relatively low rates (DEF-T at 5 years of 1.5 and DMF-T at 12 years of 1.24), the prevalence of caries was 78.72%, being higher in males than in females. In addition, only 5.4% of schoolchildren with some experience of caries received restorative treatment. In conclusion, the prevalence of caries in Quilombola schoolchildren aged 5 to 12 years was 78.72%, while the DEF-T/DMF-T index was 2.85 (± 2.84) for females, and 3.71 (± 3.52) for males.

Effectiveness of Fissure Sealant in Preventing Caries in Children

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the retention and effectiveness of fissure sealant&#x0D; Fisseal Extra (ProMedica, Germany) in prevention of caries in school children in&#x0D; Thamar, Yemen. Eighty five children aged 5- 12 years were selected randomly from different schools of Thamar and examined. Using a splitmouth design, the experimental teeth (maxillary and mandibular premolar and molar) were sealed with fissure sealant; while, teeth of another side of mouth acted as control group. The retention and effectiveness of sealant were carefully inspected after 1, 3, 6 and 9 months.&#x0D; The results revealed that, after 9 month, the retention and effectiveness rate was 98.3 and&#x0D; 96.9 percent respectively. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the different groups (P&lt; 0.05). The fissure sealant showed high rate of retention and effectiveness and this could be useful in control and prevention of caries in school children.

Area to “Watch Out” for Dental Caries in Schoolchildren of Age 3–12 Years Based on Dental Health Diet Score – A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries among children of age 3–12 years based on the dental health diet score (DHDS). Settings and Design: Dental caries in children is evaluated using food score, nutrient score, and sweet score. Materials and Methods: A total of 2288 children were screened/examined, for the presence of dental caries using dmft/DMFT index, by randomly selecting 10 schools within a radius of 5 km. Informed written parental consent was obtained. A closed-ended questionnaire which included a diet chart was given 2 days before the examination. All children aged 3–12 years were included in the study. DHDS was calculated and compared with standard chart. All data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16 (IBM Corp.), with the P &lt; 0.05 value considered statistically significant. Results: Dental health diet score values obtained from the present study shows that, 71.8% children were in badly need of diet counselling and diet modification, 13.7% of children were need to be educated and 15.5% of children were just need to be motivated. On comparing the DHDS score with the dental caries, the mean dmft/DMFT score of “not adequate and barely adequate” categories was 2.3 ± 1.8 and 2.4 ± 2.1, respectively. Their values were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Area to “Watch-out” for dental caries in children – Malnutrition. Equal emphasis is needed in both avoidance of sugary foods and maintenance of proper nutrition in children.

Pit and Fissure Sealant versus Fluoride Varnish for the Prevention of Dental Caries in School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Children's dental health has become the main concern, due to the increase in caries prevalence amongst children. Pit and fissure sealant (PFS) and fluoride varnish (FV) are effective measures for preventing dental caries. However, the clinical efficacy of these interventions when compared to one another is uncertain. The aim of the present systematic review with meta-analysis was to compare pit and fissure sealants with fluoride varnish for caries prevention of first permanent molars among schoolchildren. This is a meta-Analysis, which involves randomized control trials that compare the effectiveness of PFS with FV within 24 months of follow-up. Five databases were searched from 1990 to 2019 to identify studies published in Arabic or English language. The risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. A total number of 4 studies were included with overall of 1249 children in both groups. Three included trial reported caries increment of first permanent molars (FPM) with 24 months of follow-up, there was no statistical significance (RR: 0.65; 95% CI 0.31 to 1.35; P = 0.26 I2 = 89%). As regards DMFS increment, the analysis showed no statistical differences between FV and PFS in terms of lowering DMFS increment (MD: 0.09; 95% CI: −0.03 to 0.21). Findings of this meta-analysis proved there is no significant difference between PFS and FV in caries prevention efficacy of FPMs at 2 years' follow-up, emphasizing the use of FV since it is more affordable and easier to apply.

Prevalence of Caries among School Children in Saudi Arabia: A Meta-Analysis.

Introduction Children's dental health has become the primary concern, because of the increase in the prevalence of caries amongst school children in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence and severity of dental caries among school children in Saudi Arabia. Method A systematic search of Scopus, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Saudi digital library, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE via Ovid for cross-sectional studies with healthy participants between 5and –15 years. Two authors independently extracted the prevalence of caries. With 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model, we calculated caries prevalence. Results Dental caries prevalence data were extracted from 18 cross-sectional studies (n = 56,327 children). The pooled estimate for the caries prevalence among 5–7 years' children was 84% (95% CI: 0.81–0.87%; I2 = 91%) while among 12–15 years' children was 72% (95% CI: 0.63–0.79; I2 = 96.2%). Discussion. In this systematic review, the summary estimate of the prevalence of dental caries among children of 5–7 years and 12–15 years were 84% and 72%, respectively. Further research is required to identify approaches for preventing and treating dental caries in schoolchildren.

Prevalence of Caries in Schoolchildren in the Rural Area of a Small Municipality in the South of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Introduction: Despite advances in caries treatment, the disease still afflicts populations deprived of access to goods and services. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental caries as well as the dental treatment needs for children aged five to twelve years old from rural public schools in Alfenas/MG. Material and method: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study, carried out through an epidemiological survey, in which data were collected through clinical examination of 364 children from five rural schools in the city. These tests were performed by a calibrated examiner (intra-observer kappa = 0.93), within the institutions, after signing the Free and Informed Consent Form by the person in charge. The prevalence of caries and the need for dental evaluation were observed, using the DMFT and DMFT-D according to the codes and criteria recommended by the WHO. For data collection and analysis, they were processed in the EPIBUCO program, version 2004. Result: At 5 years of age, there was a prevalence of caries in 70% of the children, dmft of 2.98 and a mean of 2.13 deciduous trees in need of restorative intervention, corresponding to 71.44% of dmft. At 12 years of age, a DMFT of 2.20 and a mean of 0.8 permanent teeth in need of restorative intervention per individual were reported, which represents 36.44% of the index. Conclusion: The results show the high prevalence of caries in children from rural schools, thus showing a worse condition than that observed in the Brazilian population, being also below the O.M.S. goals.

Association between body mass index and dental caries in school children

Background: Association of obesity and dental caries, as they have share same risk factors like consumption of free sugars and deprived socioeconomic status. Individual consuming refined carbohydrates in excess especially in its refined form is associated both with dental caries and overweight &amp; obese. Methodology: The questionnaires were administered to the school children and The examinations of the children were conducted only with the written consent of the children/parents. Results: most of the school children belong to 5-15 yr of age and 71.6% were males. Relationship between BMI &amp; Mean DMFT, infers that if BMI increases from normal, DMFT also increase but overweight and obese category (0.4% and 0.2%) were very less. Mean DMFT also increase significantly if the sugar exposure increases. Conclusion: Positive association between BMI and dental caries was found and it should be guide among health promoters about BMI could be related to dental caries.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dental Caries among Basic School Children in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study

INTRODUCTION: Oral health problems of school children are one of the most common health related problem in the world. The prevalence of dental caries is significantly higher in school children. In Nepal, the morbidity of dental caries is very high among school children compared to other age groups. Dental caries is neglected at initial stages in children, but when the disease becomes progressive the treatment options being one of the most expensive and unaffordable. This study sought to identity the prevalence and associated risk factors of dental caries among basic school children age group from 6-12 years.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study design was carried out among school children. . A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and face to face interview method was used to collect information from two public schools and two private schools of Kathmandu metropolitan City. Purposive sampling technique was applied. DMFT (Decayed, Missed, Filled, Teeth) index was adopted to measure mixed dentition, and also to assess the oral health status of school children. The collected data was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS-20.&#x0D; RESULTS: Among 274 participants, there were equal number of female and male students (Female: 137, Male: 137), likewise the number of participants from public and private school was also equal. The prevalence of dental caries among school children was found to be 55.84% and there was significant association between frequency of brushing with dental caries (p=0.001). 176 (64.2%) of the participants consumed normal food, 56 (20.4%) consumed junk food and 39 (14.2%) consumed spicy food. The consumption of different food types played a significant role in the occurrence of dental caries.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of brushing and types of food consumption are significantly associated with the higher prevalence of dental caries among school children. Regular dental check-up and good brushing practice can reduce the prevalence of dental caries in school children. Hence, continuous oral health programs including demonstration of proper brushing technique along with oral health awareness programs at school can help to reduce the burden of dental caries among school children.

Molecular Genetic Study on VNTR-polymorphism of Two Cytokine Genes Antagonist of the Receptor of Interleukin 1 (rs2234663) and Interleukin 4 (rs8179190) Associated with Dental Caries in Children

In this study, we investigated VNTR polymorphisms in intron 2 of the IL1RN gene (rs2234663) and intron 3 of the IL4 gene (rs8179190) related to the development of caries in school children (N = 196) with mixed bite dentition from Krasnodarskii Krai. The genotypes A1/A1 and L/L (L-“long” alleles) (rs2234663) provided resistance to the most intensive form of dental caries. The groups of children with DFC (decompensated form of caries) were significantly different from the pooled group SFC (subcompensated form of caries) and CFC (compensated form of caries) (and healthy children) for two genotypes: A1/A1 (OR = 0.37, p = 0.015, 95% CI: 0.17-0.84) and L/L (OR = 0.38. p = 0.020, 95% CI: 0.17-0.88). In locus rs8179190 (IL4), a rare allele with a single repeat (70 bp)-P3 (113 bp) was observed. For VNTR polymorphisms of rs8179190, association with the most intensive form of caries was found only for two-locus genotypes with rs2234663. The results suggested that the studied cytokine markers and the ratio of the pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines might be involved in the development of the most intensive form of caries.

Effectiveness of Sodium Fluoride Varnish to Control Dental Caries in School Children: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Fluoride varnish application is an effective intervention in controlling dental caries. Objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of six monthly application of sodium fluoride varnish in prevention of dental caries in deciduous teeth, permanent incisors and molars in children between six and seven years in a low resource setting, Sri Lanka. This was an open-label, randomized controlled trial (NCT02877888) in school children aged six to seven years, living in a district of Sri Lanka. Recruited children were randomly assigned to either a treatment (n=161) or to control group (n=162). Children in the treatment group received fluoride varnish professionally applied every 6 months combined with counselling on maintenance of oral hygiene and diet for a period of 2 years. Caries examinations were conducted using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The primary outcome studied was the number of new caries in the two study groups. At each time interval, the mean number of new dental caries was significantly lower in the intervention group. When independent effect of the intervention on development of new dental caries was assessed, application of fluoride varnish every 6 months for a period of 2 years was significantly associated with less number of new dental caries compared to controls. Fluoride varnish application in a low resource setting is an effective method of preventing dental caries among children. A national level programme would contribute to the reduction of dental caries in this age group. Keywords: Clinical trial, Fluoride varnish, Dental caries, Caries prevention, Effectiveness

RISK FACTORS OF DENTAL CARIES ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF A SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SCHOOLCHILDREN LIVING IN THE URBAN VILLAGE OF TEREK-SAY, CHATKAL DISTRICT OF JALAL-ABAD REGION

This article reflects the main risk factors and the development of caries in schoolchildren living in the urban-type settlement of Terek-Sai of the Chatkal district of the Jalal-Abad region of the Kyrgyz Republic, conducting a questionnaire of schoolchildren and reflects the report of the results of the analysis

Dietary free sugar and dental caries in children: A systematic review on longitudinal studies.

Background: Dental caries, as a multi-factorial problem, is prevalent among children. The aim of this review was to assess the association between dietary free sugars (DFS) consumption and dental caries in 6- to 12-year-old children in the recent longitudinal e vidence. Methods: In this systematic review, database search was performed in PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science and Scopus using the keywords "diet", "dental caries" and "school children".We considered the articles published in English from 2004 to 2019. After duplicate removal,title, abstract data basell text of all included papers were assessed by two independent reviewers. The quality of included papers was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: From 2122 papers, ten longitudinal studies were included. In the included studies, the consumption of 100% juice (daily), candy (more than once a week), and soft drink and sweet drinks (at bedtime) were highly associated with caries in children. In few studies, daily consumption of water and dairy products was reported to be protective. However, some studies reported non-significant association between consumption of different sugary items and dental caries. The quality of included studies was moderate. Heterogeneity was observed in the measurement of caries outcome, and data collection tool for diet assessment, and statistical measure, which impeded the meta-analysis of data. Conclusion: The methodology and results in the longitudinal studies on the association of dietary free sugar consumption and dental caries in schoolchildren were heterogeneous, which urge the need for further standard research protocols in this area.