Caregiving Tasks Research Articles

Proxy medical decision-making: national survey

ObjectivesPopulation ageing and increased care needs lead to adults making consequential medical decisions for others, potentially impacting treatment and end of life. We aim to describe the prevalence of medical...

Family resilience and social support as mediators of caregiver burden and capacity in stroke caregivers: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionCaring for stroke survivors poses significant challenges to survivors and caregivers; understanding these relationships can inform targeted interventions and support systems.AimThis study investigates the influencing factors of caregiver burden and the potential mediating roles of family resilience and perceived social support between caregiver burden and caregiver capacity.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study.MethodsThe participants in this study included 462 stroke survivors and their primary caregivers from Ningbo Lihuili Hospital in Zhejiang Province, China. Primary caregivers completed several assessments, including the Shortened Chinese Version of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZCBI), and the Family Caregiver Task Inventory (FCTI). The ZCBI was used to evaluate caregiver burden, while the activities of daily living (ADL) were assessed for stroke survivors to measure their actual level of dependence. The mediating effect of family resilience was estimated using the bootstrap method through Jamovi version 2.3.0 with the mediation plug-in, while controlling for sociodemographic variables.ResultsThe results showed that caregiver burden was influenced by stroke survivors’ level of dependence on activities of daily living (ADL), caregiver education level, caregiver health status, and average daily care time. The family resilience mediated the relationship between caregiver burden and caregiver capacity (b = 0.141; 95% confidence interval: 0.091 to 0.176). Additionally, perceived social support mediated the relationship between caregiver burden and caregiver capacity (b = 0.080; 95% confidence interval: 0.041 to 0.110).ConclusionThese findings indicate that enhancing family resilience and perceived social support can be strategies for alleviating caregiver burden. Clinical practitioners should actively assess the family resilience and social support of stroke survivors, and implement interventions that promote resilience and strengthen social support, thereby reducing caregiver burden and improving the health outcomes of stroke survivors.

Family Caregivers' Burden in Taking Care of Older Cancer Patients at Home

The aging population in Taiwan increases the demand for care services for older adult patients with cancer, presenting significant challenges to both healthcare and social systems. Family caregivers perceive caregiver burden since they assist patients with daily activities, health management, and medical decision-making face physical, psychological, economic, and social stressors that impact their overall well-being. Taking care of older patients causes more complicated caregiving tasks because of the treatments and care related to cancer and multiple chronic conditions. Caregiver burden is known to be influenced by age, health, education, and disease awareness. Furthermore, in Taiwan, the participation of foreign spouses and migrant workers in family care increases cultural and resource-related challenges and highlights the need for integrated long-term care resources and social support. Using family caregiver assessments testing caregiver burden and quality of life can specify family caregiver needs that assist healthcare teams in developing family care plans. Interventions, including cancer education, psychological support, caregiving training, and collaborative models involving both patients and caregivers, may alleviate caregiver stress, improve quality of life, and enhance coping abilities. Moving forward, nursing professionals should advocate for integrated care models that incorporate comprehensive geriatric assessments and design interventions tailored to the specific needs of diverse family caregivers of older cancer patients. These approaches will help improve the quality of life for both caregivers and older cancer patients and foster a supportive care environment through interdisciplinary collaboration to address the health challenges of an aging society.

Transforming Alzheimer's Digital Caregiving through Large Language Models.

Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) present significant caregiving challenges, with increasing burdens on informal caregivers. This study examines the potential of AI-driven Large Language Models (LLMs) in developing digital caregiving strategies for AD/ADRD. The objectives include analyzing existing caregiving education materials (CEMs) and mobile application descriptions (MADs) and aligning key caregiving tasks with digital functions across different stages of disease progression. We analyzed 38 CEMs from the National Library of Medicine's MedlinePlus, along with associated hyperlinked web resources, and 57 MADs focused on AD digital caregiving. Using ChatGPT 3.5, essential caregiving tasks were extracted and matched with digital functionalities suitable for each stage of AD progression, while also highlighting digital literacy requirements for caregivers. The analysis categorizes AD caregiving into 4 stages-Pre-Clinical, Mild, Moderate, and Severe-identifying key tasks, such as behavior monitoring, daily assistance, direct supervision, and ensuring a safe environment. These tasks were supported by digital aids, including memory- enhancing apps, Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking, voice-controlled devices, and advanced GPS tracking for comprehensive care. Additionally, 6 essential digital literacy skills for AD/ADRD caregiving were identified: basic digital skills, communication, information management, safety and privacy, healthcare knowledge, and caregiver coordination, highlighting the need for tailored training. The findings advocate for an LLM-driven strategy in designing digital caregiving interventions, particularly emphasizing a novel paradigm in AD/ADRD support, offering adaptive assistance that evolves with caregivers' needs, thereby enhancing their shared decision-making and patient care capabilities.

Correlation between benefit finding and caregiving abilities among family caregivers of patients with lung cancer: a network analysis.

This study aimed to construct a network analysis model for benefit finding (BF) and caregiving abilities to clarify the interrelationships and mutual influences among different dimensions and propose nursing strategies. Convenience sampling was used to select 272 family caregivers of patients with lung cancer admitted to a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou City, China, from April 2023 to November 2023. Socio-demographic and disease characteristics questionnaire, the revised BF Scale, and the Family Caregiver Task Inventory (FCTI) were used for data collection. The R software was used to construct networks for BF and caregiving abilities, and network analysis methods were employed to identify network characteristics, core nodes, and bridge nodes. In the overall network, the social relationship dimension (rs = 3.04) exhibited the highest strength centrality index, followed by the family relationship dimension (rs = 2.94). In addition, the social relationship dimension (rbs = 0.30) had the highest bridge strength centrality index, followed by the dimension of addressing personal emotional needs (rbs = 0.26). This study provides a new perspective on exploring the underlying mechanisms of interaction among different dimensions of BF and caregiving abilities in family caregivers of patients with lung cancer using network analysis. The findings suggest that healthcare professionals can improve family caregivers' social relationships, family relationships and address emotion regulation to enhance BF and caregiving abilities. Specific nursing strategies are proposed, offering new intervention targets for enhancing BF and caregiving abilities among family caregivers of patients with lung cancer.

Sharing in caring: Family caregiving task sharing patterns for older adults in Singapore.

Research on family caregiving for older adults has largely focused on primary caregivers. We identify caregiving task sharing patterns among multiple caregivers, including family members and live-in hired workers. In addition, we investigate caregiver and care-recipient characteristics associated with these patterns. We interviewed 278 primary family caregivers of home-dwelling older adults in Singapore about who provides what assistance across three domains: activities of daily living, health and social services use, and socio-emotional and other needs. Latent class analysis was used to identify caregiving task sharing patterns. Three patterns were identified: a) 'Shared-Diverse' (39%) - multiple caregivers assisting in all three domains, b) 'Shared-Domestic' (32%) - multiple caregivers assisting with activities of daily living and socio-emotional and other needs, and c) 'Solo-Diverse' (29%) - a sole caregiver assisting in all three domains. 'Solo-Diverse' caregivers were less likely to be employed and had higher depressive symptoms relative to 'Shared-Diverse' primary family caregivers. The predominance of caregiving task sharing patterns involving multiple caregivers calls for expansion of research, policies, and programs beyond primary caregivers. Greater attention should be given to how families and live-in hired workers share caregiving tasks for older adults, and how this varies across cultural settings, especially in familial Asian societies. The findings further highlight the vulnerabilities of solo caregivers, whose employment capacity and mental health may be adversely affected by their caregiving duties. Policymakers should ensure that solo caregivers have access to support programs that address their financial and mental health needs.

Breaking the gender barrier: a study on enrollment trends in medical specialties at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Objective. To analyzes the gender gap among residents enrolled in the medical specialization program of the Graduate Division at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Facultad de Medicina. Materials and methods. We conducted a descriptive observational study of students registered in all 78 medical specialties offered by UNAM over a period of 7 years (2015-2022) at approximately 161 hospitals in Mexico. Results. A total of 79 175 students were studied, we observed a predominance of women 51.69%, compared to 48.30% men. In medical specialties, we found a predominance of women of 57.33%, in contrast to surgical specialties with 44.76% women. The specialties with the most women enrolled were dermatology, neonatology, pediatrics, gynecology, and psychiatry. In men, the specialties with the most enrollment were general surgery, cardiology, neurosurgery, plastic surgery among others. Conclusion. Women predominance is observed in some medical specialties, especially those that require caregiving tasks. However, a gap remains between men and women, particularly in surgical specialties and in higher decision-making positions. We suggest extending support networks to include men as well as women.

Online interventions for the mental health and well-being of parents of children with additional needs: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Parents of children with additional needs experience compromised physical and mental health and higher stress, and their ability to engage in meaningful occupations is impacted by their additional caregiving tasks. Online interventions targeting mental health, stress, and well-being for parents of children with additional needs have potential to increase supports alongside occupational therapy direct services. The aims of this review are to systematically identify and synthesise evidence of effectiveness of online interventions aimed at improving mental health, stress, and well-being of parents of children with additional needs. Eight databases were searched up to July 2024 to identify online interventions for parents of children with additional needs. Studies were appraised for methodological quality. Standardised effect sizes were calculated, and meta-analyses of randomised control trials (RCTs) were conducted on outcomes of mental health, well-being, and stress. There was no consumer or community involvement. Systematic screening identified 30 papers that met inclusion criteria. Most were RCTs or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) with 'moderate' quality ratings: Three were designed by occupational therapists. There was substantial variation in intervention types, methods of delivery, outcomes, and outcome measures used. The pooled standardised effect size estimates (ES) and the lower and upper confidence intervals (CI) of online interventions from RCTs post-interventions were significant for mental health ES = 0.47, 95% CI (0.18, 0.77), p = 0.002; stress ES = 1.27, 95% CI (0.56, 1.98), p = 0.000; and well-being ES = 0.65, 95% CI (1.2, 0.06), p = 0.03, respectively. The online interventions that aimed to improve mental health, stress, and well-being included in this meta-analysis were effective. Occupational therapists supporting families play an important role in guiding parents of children with additional needs to evidence-based interventions to support them with addressing their own mental health and well-being needs.

Development and evaluation of an air mattress for easy clothes changes for bedridden patients

ABSTRACT Being bed-bound means a loss of mobility and independence. Changing clothes is a challenging task for bedridden patients and caregivers due to the complicated posture changes for the patient and the physical burden on caregivers. To overcome these challenges, a novel approach aiming to minimize caregivers’ physical burden is proposed to assist in changing clothes, including pants, shirts, T-shirts, and A-line dresses, by sequentially controlling the inflation status of each chamber of multichambered air mattresses and performing a unique technique. This study compares patients’ points of movement and physical burden during this activity in the proposed and conventional methods. The experiment for changing pants using the proposed approach shows that no manual posture change of the patient is required. The caregivers only need to put on the pants using a simple movement without applying force against the patient’s body weight. Furthermore, the caregiver only needs to move the patient’s hand when changing shirts, T-shirts, and A-line dresses. The results show that the proposed approach achieves significantly better results than conventional methods. The minimum posture changes during clothes changing prove that the proposed solution can greatly improve patient comfort and reduce caregivers’ burden by 80% on average.

Parental time investments and instantaneous well‐being in the United States

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between maternal education, child‐care time, and well‐being in the United States, with a particular focus on the role of societal norms. Highly educated mothers spend more time on childcare compared to their less educated counterparts. Drawing on data from the American Time Use Survey's Well‐Being Modules (2012, 2013, 2021), this research provides a comprehensive examination of maternal activities and well‐being. Notably, educated mothers consistently experience reduced instantaneous happiness during childcare, across various caregiving tasks, despite investing greater time in them. To better understand this pattern, we introduce an identity economics model whose predictions are consonant with the empirical findings. Our model illustrates how societal gender roles differentially influence patterns of time allocation by mothers' education and impact their instantaneous and overall well‐being.

Validation and reliability of the Chinese version of the Friendship Scale (FS-C) in family caregivers of people with severe mental illness

Social isolation has been shown to contribute to negative health outcomes. Within a Chinese cultural context where people highly value social relationships, family caregivers of people with severe mental illness are prone to experience social isolation due to demanding caregiving tasks and prevalent social stigma. However, an instrument that could comprehensively measure social isolation in Chinese family caregivers is lacking. The six-item Friendship Scale was designed to measure social isolation but it has not previously been validated for use in the Chinese context. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Friendship Scale – Chinese version (FS-C) in family caregivers of people with severe mental illness (SMI) (N = 200). Confirmatory factor analysis affirmed FS-C's single-factor structure. FS-C demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.74) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.72). Convergent validity was supported by moderate to strong correlations with social networks (r = 0.342, p < 0.01) and loneliness (r = −0.608, p < 0.01). Divergent validity was confirmed by a weak correlation with perceived social stigma (r = −0.190, p < 0.01). FS-C is a reliable and valid tool for assessing social isolation among Chinese family caregivers of people with SMI.

La infraestructura urbana en relación con el derecho al cuidado y al tiempo

The incorporation of a gender perspective in urban design has gained importance since the 1960s and 1970s, focusing on how city layouts can ease caregiving responsibilities and promote gender equality. Feminist urbanism advocates for redesigning cities to prioritize life and social reproduction, emphasizing the need for infrastructure that recognizes the essential role of caregiving and supports the well-being of both caregivers and recipients. This approach highlights the importance of urban policies aimed at reducing the time and effort required for caregiving task.

Abstract B158: Sources of support and strain in Latino patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers

Abstract Background: Latino patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers are an understudied and underserved population that experiences high levels of psychological distress and impaired quality of life. As part of a larger effort to culturally adapt a mindfulness intervention for this population, this study qualitatively explored sources of support and strain, with a particular focus on the social context, among Latino patient-caregiver dyads undergoing cancer treatment. Methods: Twenty Latino patients undergoing treatment for a metastatic solid malignancy and their family caregivers were recruited from a county hospital and participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted by a trained, bilingual and bicultural staff member and explored participants’ cancer-related experiences, psychosocial needs, and sources of support. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim by a professional external vendor, and translated into English, where applicable. Atlas.ti was used to conduct a thematic descriptive analysis. Results: Patients (55% male) and caregivers (60% female) were predominantly born outside the U.S. (93%) and reported low levels of education (59% &amp;lt; high school graduate) and income (63% household income &amp;lt; $30,000). Preliminary analyses revealed how family can be both an important source of support and strain. Many participants described how the cancer diagnosis brought the family closer while others shared negative experiences including discrimination and distancing by family members. Participants’ religious faith, their church community, friends, work colleagues, and other cancer patients were highlighted as additional sources of support. Reported strains included financial stress (e.g., loss of income, healthcare costs, transportation costs), changes in household dynamics and family roles, and challenges navigating healthcare. In particular, caregivers reported strains managing work, family responsibilities, and caregiving tasks with limited resources. Ongoing analyses are examining differences between caregivers and patients and men and women. Male patients in particular expressed despair over the inability to work and the impact this had on their self-identity and perceived burden to others. Conclusion: Participants emphasized the important role of family and religion as a way of coping with the cancer diagnosis and related challenges. Stress associated with economic challenges and changes in family roles was prevalent and appeared to contribute to depression and anxiety. In conclusion, study findings highlight key sources of support and strain among Latino patient-caregiver dyads that can inform culturally relevant and equity-based cancer-related interventions. Citation Format: Larkin L. Strong, Josheili Llavona-Ortiz, Hilary Ma, Maria E. Fernandez, Elizabeth Dominguez, Rosangela Silva, Jaquelin Hernandez, Kathrin Milbury. Sources of support and strain in Latino patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B158.

Filial piety, Caregiving Self-Efficacy, and Caregiver Burden in Sandwich Generation Caregivers: What Are the Relationships?

Caring for an elderly parent, while also raising children, presents unique challenges. This study explores how filial piety—respect for elders—affects the stress of such caregivers, focusing on their caregiving self-efficacy, or confidence in their abilities. Surveying 202 caregivers, a link was found between filial piety and higher self-efficacy, leading to a sense of competence in caregiving tasks. However, this confidence did not uniformly reduce caregiver burden; it depended on the caregiving aspect. Confidence in handling emotional stress and securing breaks correlated with less burden, while dealing with disruptive behaviors correlated with more. These nuances highlight the complex role of self-efficacy in caregiver well-being, emphasizing the need for targeted support for the sandwich generation in various caregiving scenarios.

The Effects of Caring for Grandchildren on Health and Well‐Being of Grandparents: Evidence From Vietnam

ABSTRACTTo date, studies on the effects of grandparenting on grandparents' health and well‐being do not reach the same conclusion and most of them have been conducted in developed countries. We add to this literature by examining the causal relationship between grandparenting and grandparents' health and well‐being in Vietnam, where the social norm and reciprocal relationships between adult children and their older parents are strong. We used instrumental variable estimations to address the endogeneity issue of the decision to provide care. Using the national survey on older persons in Vietnam, we found that grandparenting care had positive effects on psychological well‐being, life satisfaction, and self‐rated health of grandparents. We also found that the effects were heterogenous by caregiver's gender, in which grandmothers were more beneficial from caregiving tasks than grandfathers. Further exploring the mechanisms underlying the effects revealed that improvements in memory and stronger social networks were potential channels through which grandparenting might improve the health and well‐being of grandparents. Our findings support the theory of role enhancement, suggesting that grandparents can have health and well‐being benefits from grandparenting. Policies aiming at strengthening old age protection and family relationships should be advocated to sustain the subjective well‐being of older adults.

Back to school: Routine vaccines for children and adolescents.

Preparing for the new school year is an exciting and busy time. An important task for parents and caregivers during the back-to-school season is to ensure that their child or adolescent is up to date with their vaccines. NPs play a vital role in guiding parents and caregivers through the vaccination process, thereby ensuring that school-aged children and adolescents' health requirements are met. This article provides NPs with resources to assist in making decisions about child and adolescent immunizations. It also explores effective communication strategies to convey the benefits of vaccination to parents and caregivers, equipping NPs with the necessary knowledge and tools to navigate vaccination complexities and advocate for the health and safety of school-aged children and adolescents.

Moderate burden amongst caregivers posthip arthroscopy linked to younger caregiver age and task load: A cross-sectional survey study.

To evaluate the burden experienced by primary informal caregivers of patients who have undergone hip arthroscopy and to identify factors that predict increased caregiver burden. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a single academic hospital centre, enroling caregivers of patients who underwent hip arthroscopy between November 2018 and November 2023. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) survey. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify predictors of caregiver burden, with the global CBI score serving as the primary outcome measure. Secondarily, open-ended survey questions were analyzed qualitatively to elucidate specific challenges and facilitators of caregiving, as reported by the caregivers themselves. The study involved 99 eligible caregivers (mean [standard deviation] age; 47 [11] years), 58% were female, and 85% were relatives of the patient. The median global CBI score was 13.0 (interquartile range: 8.0-22.4), indicating a moderate burden. Regression analyses demonstrated that younger caregiver age and a higher number of caregiving tasks were significant predictors of increased global burden. Additionally, nonweightbearing status of patients, female gender of caregivers and working full-time statistically significantly increased specific dimensions of caregiver burden. This study highlights the meaningful burden faced by caregivers of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy, despite its minimally invasive nature and outpatient setting. Identified risk factors such as younger caregiver age, female gender of the caregiver, nonweight-bearing status and increased caregiving tasks suggest targeted areas for intervention. The qualitative analysis revealed that caregivers struggle with time management and physical and emotional strain, yet better communication and practical support from healthcare teams could help to alleviate these challenges. Level IV, prognostic study.

"He is changing, but I'm changing too": An interpretative phenomenological analysis of spouse caregivers' identity in the context of dementia.

This study explores the process through which informal caregivers, particularly spouses, construct their identity within the context of caregiving for individuals with dementia. Despite extensive research in psychology aimed at defining caregiving (e.g. tasks, consequences), few informal caregivers identify themselves as such. For instance, the affective bond shared between caregivers and care-recipients often imbues caregiving responsibilities with a sense of "naturalness," especially if the care-recipient is a spouse. To investigate the nature of caregiver identity construction, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with spouse caregivers of dementia patients. The collected data underwent interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Three interconnected themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Perceiving changes in my partner, which involves recognising alterations in the care-receiver's characteristics due to dementia; (2) Processing changes, encompassing the experience of grieving losses and reminiscing about the past; and (3) Perceiving changes in myself, referring to the acknowledgement of personal changes due to caregiving. The study emphasises the dynamic and ongoing nature of caregiver identity construction, which begins with the early recognition of changes in the care-receiver. Interestingly, spouse caregivers oscillate between their identity as a spouse and caregiver, influenced by how they process changes undergone by their partner. Contrasting with previous theories on caregivers' identity, our results focus of caregivers' perceptions rather than their relationship with the care-recipient or caregiving tasks.

Caregivers' Perspective and Burden of the End-of-Life Phase of Patients with Glioblastoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Glioblastoma represents the most common aggressive primary brain tumour in adults. Changes in cognition, personality and in behaviour of patient as well as side effects of treatments cause unique challenges for providing care and may impact caregiver burden in different ways.This retrospective study included 45 patients with diagnosis of glioblastoma treated between January 2022 and June 2023 in two Neurosurgical Departments. We investigated the quality of life and the experiences of glioblastoma patients caregivers on the end-of-life phase using a validated questionnaire consisting of 38 questions related to the caregiver's view of the patient's terminal phase and another 26 questions regarding caregiver's experiences and emotions during the last three months of the patient's life.Fatigue, reduced consciousness and sadness were the most common patient's symptoms reported by their caregivers. The reported quality of life of caregivers was low and superimposable to the quality of life that they attributed to the patients. The burnout symptoms and feelings of insufficient information emphasize the urgent need for psychological support and training dedicated to caregivers.The end-of-life phases of glioblastoma patient may represent a critical factor that significantly affects not only the patient but also caregiver burden, caregiving tasks, and caregiver time. A urgent multidisciplinary support program is needed to face and improve caregivers burden.

Exploring the deep learning of artificial intelligence in nursing: a concept analysis with Walker and Avant’s approach

BackgroundIn recent years, increased attention has been given to using deep learning (DL) of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare to address nursing challenges. The adoption of new technologies in nursing needs to be improved, and AI in nursing is still in its early stages. However, the current literature needs more clarity, which affects clinical practice, research, and theory development. This study aimed to clarify the meaning of deep learning and identify the defining attributes of artificial intelligence within nursing.MethodsWe conducted a concept analysis of the deep learning of AI in nursing care using Walker and Avant’s 8-step approach. Our search strategy employed Boolean techniques and MeSH terms across databases, including BMC, CINAHL, ClinicalKey for Nursing, Embase, Ovid, Scopus, SpringerLink and Spinger Nature, ProQuest, PubMed, and Web of Science. By focusing on relevant keywords in titles and abstracts from articles published between 2018 and 2024, we initially found 571 sources.ResultsThirty-seven articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed in this study. The attributes of evidence included four themes: focus and immersion, coding and understanding, arranging layers and algorithms, and implementing within the process of use cases to modify recommendations. Antecedents, unclear systems and communication, insufficient data management knowledge and support, and compound challenges can lead to suffering and risky caregiving tasks. Applying deep learning techniques enables nurses to simulate scenarios, predict outcomes, and plan care more precisely. Embracing deep learning equipment allows nurses to make better decisions. It empowers them with enhanced knowledge while ensuring adequate support and resources essential for caregiver and patient well-being. Access to necessary equipment is vital for high-quality home healthcare.ConclusionThis study provides a clearer understanding of the use of deep learning in nursing and its implications for nursing practice. Future research should focus on exploring the impact of deep learning on healthcare operations management through quantitative and qualitative studies. Additionally, developing a framework to guide the integration of deep learning into nursing practice is recommended to facilitate its adoption and implementation.