Typical Career Research Articles

Generational Perspectives and Motivations within the Gig Economy in Slovenia

Abstract This paper aims to examine how the gig economy, as a global trend that is transforming labour markets worldwide, manifests itself in a smaller economy such as Slovenia. Specifically, the paper focuses on how this trend is manifested among Slovenian freelancers, with an emphasis on generational differences. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Chi-square test, were used in the study to explore perceptions and generational differences and to determine whether they are statistically significant. The results show that both younger and older individuals are likely to choose freelance work due to the need for flexibility and independence in project selection, reflecting their desire for greater control over their personal and professional lives. In addition, the research reveals a perception of insufficient support for such new types of careers and a need for educational programmes to improve skills and awareness of the digital labour market. The findings suggest the need for targeted policy measures to support freelancers of different age groups by implementing comprehensive government programs that promote lifelong learning and upskilling, enable the development of local coworking spaces, provide digital market information and include entrepreneurship education and digital literacy in school curricula to strengthen freelance careers, making them sustainable and contributing economically to regional development.

To leave or not to leave? Expectations, factors, and trajectories of academic careers in the light of doctoral programme reforms

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the various career path types and impact factors that influence the career trajectory of PhD graduates, with a view to understanding how they pursue their careers inside and/or outside the academic sector after graduation. Based on data from the Austrian graduate tracking system ATRACK (N = 24,610), seven distinct career types were created. The first three of these career types target a consistent stay within the higher education (HE) sector, a consistent stay within the research and development (R&D) sector, or a consistent stay within the research sector (either HE or R&D). Our findings indicate that approximately one-third of PhDs remain within the Austrian research sector, while another third consistently pursue careers outside of it. On the one hand, the income of graduates 36 and 120 months after graduation indicates that earnings outside the higher education (HE) sector are significantly higher. On the other hand, the gender pay gap is also more evident outside the HE sector. In light of these findings, it becomes pertinent to question whether the prevailing academic career orientation in PhD programmes remains an accurate reflection of the professional requirements of the labour market, and whether it should be further adapted to ensure a diverse range of employment opportunities within and beyond academia.

Analysis of Career Development Path Based on the Three Comprehensive Practice Education Models of Medical Laboratory Technology

This paper expounds on the connotation of the three complex practical education models of medical laboratory technology and its application in career planning. Through the cooperation and resource sharing of schools, enterprises, and hospitals, the 33 Complex realizes the close integration of theoretical teaching and practice and provides comprehensive preparation for students' clinical practice and employment. This paper further discusses the career planning strategies of medical laboratory technology students based on this model, including personal positioning, goal setting, and career development path analysis. Through the analysis of typical career development cases, the challenges and opportunities in the industry are revealed. Finally, this paper discusses the positive impact of the three complex models on career development, including the promoting role of resource sharing and the advantages of career development under mutual benefit and win-win results. It looks forward to the future trends and challenges.

Employment in the equine industry in 2022: Insights into career types, salaries, and benefits

The equine industry contributes $74 billion and provides 1.3 million jobs annually to the United States economy. However, limited information is available on the current salaries and benefits of equine professionals. In 2022, an online survey was conducted to assess salaries, benefits, and education levels of equine professionals across several career types in the equine industry. The survey consisted of 38 questions with conditional branching and was distributed through social media and e-newsletters. Survey branching focused on grouping participants by career type into the following categories: farm management, government, industry, nonprofit, private practice, and university. The most prevalent career type represented was farm management (34%) followed by private practice (18%), academia (17%), industry (15%), nonprofit (12%), and government (4%). Associations between variables were examined with Chi-squared analysis. An association was observed between education level and salary (P = 0.001, X2 = 103.17) with salaries greater than $50,000 being more prevalent with advanced degrees. Similarly, job type and salary were associated (P = 0.001, X2 = 73.47), where salaries for academia and industry careers were often greater than $50,000 and nonprofit and farm management salaries were more often less or equal to $50,000. Compared to professionals in farm management or in private practice, those in academia and government received more benefits (P<0.05). Data collected from this survey creates a baseline for evaluating compensation across the equine industry and exposed opportunities for improvements in future surveys. Outside of industry salary comparisons, survey data can be used by educators to emphasize the benefit of further education to increase salary and benefits.

Job Conditions and Practice of Private Office-Based Speech-Language Pathologists in Korea: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Purpose: Private speech therapy centers remain an ongoing concern, especially as the primary working environment for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Korea. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current working conditions and contents of the speech therapy services of private practice-based SLPs from the perspectives of employed SLPs to find factors that can positively affect future job retention, recruitment, and satisfaction.Methods: This study conducted a web-based survey across Korea targeting private practicebased SLPs. A total of 265 SLPs were invited to participate, and 219 completed the response. The study was divided into three parts, covering demographic information, work type, environment information, service contents, and client-related information, to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape.Results: Regular full-time jobs with social insurance were the most employed types of Korean SLPs in private practice. Fisher’s exact tests showed no significant effects on the type of employment and salary according to the kind of certificate. The location of the private speech therapy center affected the unit price per session. In addition, there was no significant difference in salary level depending on the employment conditions and certificate type.Conclusions: The findings of this study are significant for the field of speech therapy. Despite being the main service of private speech therapy centers, the costs related to evaluation and treatment were found to have lower unit fees than other psychological and developmental rehabilitation service areas. This disparity could potentially impact the recruitment and job retention of private practice-based SLPs. Therefore, it is crucial to consider supporting incentives based on the type of certificate and career, along with fee adjustments suitable for the current reality, to address these issues.

Artificial Intelligence in the Future of Iraqi Healthcare System

The development of artificial intelligence in medicine in Iraq indicates the increasing need for this new idea to be taught to medical students. The objective of such research study having this specific interest is to examine the attitudes of Iraqi medical students toward AI, with the focus made on the level of their understanding of AI and the types of career prospects that they envisage. In a study conducted on Iraqi medical students, a doctrine was outlaid; Iraqi med students were requested to complete anonymously in an online survey respectively. Analysis of the collected data was done by using SPSS21 software. Such an approach gave you the opportunity to investigate the behavioral patterns, trends and relations of the data, which allowed you to gain important outcomes about how the respondents see AI in medical education. The results showed that a total of 23 medical universities participated in the study and their response was collected to the extent of 318. The most of respondents (s=91,5%) is confident in the fact that AI is going to affect health care in the not so far future. Specially, the responses were summarized into those who are going to show strong agreement (33.6%, s = 107) and those who are going to show agreement (57.9%, s = 184). In this regard, the research found that Iraqi medical students find AI indeed adjacently affecting and are open to interacting with such new technology. Additionally, it leaves open a question - we should provide accompanying training programs against Artificial Intelligence during medical education for doctors.

Becoming a young radical right activist: Biographical pathways of the members of radical right organisations in Poland and Germany

With the increasing popularity of the radical right, much research has tried to explain the motives of voters. Less attention has been paid to the motives of people to become radical right activists – specifically young people, a group with a high tendency to join right-wing parties. Within the context of the internationalisation of the radical right, this article draws on 28 narrative interviews conducted between 2019 and 2021 with young radical right activists in Poland and Germany, two countries with considerably different political and discursive opportunity structures. We propose to recognise a new motive for becoming involved in political activism: career-oriented individual self-realisation in Germany, as opposed to fulfilling a duty to the nation in Poland. While we identify two different types of radical activism within the different contexts – the (nationalist) anti-establishment populist career type in Germany and the (nationalist) anti-political intellectualism/elitism type in Poland – they both point to the normalisation of the radical right in the two countries.

The academic, social, and psychological experiences of Black men enrolled in STEM undergraduate degree programs

This qualitative manuscript examined N=20 Black male undergraduate students’ racialized interactions with non-Black higher education administrators, professors, and peers and how those select interactions either encourage or hinder their academic, social, and psychological well-being and success as science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) majors. This manuscript utilized W.E.B. DuBois’ Condition of Double Consciousness to explore how Black men enrolled in college challenge the myth that Blacks are uneducated and other cultural stereotypes placed against them and how their intersectional identities are further impacted. Findings indicate that Black male STEM majors are affected by having to combat the myth of Black anti-intellectualism, remaining resilient while experiencing various forms of discrimination, and understanding how they view themselves versus how their non-Black higher education administrators, professors, and peers view them across their intersectional identities. To cope with the effects of discrimination and other stressors, Black male scientists believe it is crucial to heal from the racialized trauma they suffer and identify counseling services. However, many of the Black men in the study never sought out counseling services. Instead, they relied on their peers and mentors to provide advice on how they should navigate academia as Black men. Lastly, Black male scientists believe that counterspaces should be created to support the increase of Black men in STEM and that higher education institutions should provide more educational opportunities to amplify the different types of scientific careers that Black men can access.

Relationship between publication of a postgraduate year 1 residency research project and subsequent career type at a large academic medical center.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. The study objectives were to (1) quantify the overall incidence of residency publications of postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residency alumni; (2) evaluate annual fluctuations in publications over time; and (3) compare the career types of residency alumni who published their PGY1 residency research projects to those for alumni who did not. A retrospective cohort study was performed among individuals who completed a PGY1 acute/ambulatory care residency between 2010 and 2021. A list of residency alumni was obtained along with the corresponding titles of their research projects. Each resident's name was entered into PubMed and Google Scholar to find the corresponding publication. LinkedIn and other publicly available resources were used to determine the career types of residents immediately after residency as well as their current career types. In total, 178 residency alumni completed an acute/ambulatory care PGY1 residency, of whom 16.7% (30/178) published their residency research project. Publication was associated with career type among those who pursued a postgraduate year 2 residency but was not associated with career type immediately after the PGY1 residency or current career type. The presence of an academic preceptor was associated with a higher probability of publishing compared to residents who did not have an academic preceptor (31.5% vs 10.5%; P < 0.01). The frequency of publications was within the range reported elsewhere, with fluctuations over time. Presence of an academic preceptor improved the probability of publication.

On some features of the system for forming the cadres of Chinese regional elites during the period from 2007 to 2019

This article is the second part of a large study on the internal policy system of the PRC, continuing the analysis of intra-party struggle in the CCP by classifying details of the biographies and terms of office of individual party officials. The correlations between the implementation of political-administrative power by certain individuals and economic transformations in the regions where they exercised their power are also examined. This research also focuses on the issue of continuity between different systems of organizing political power within the CCP, as well as on crises in this continuity, indirectly raising the question of intra-elite conflicts in the CCP. This issue is addressed by identifying career types of party officials, examining changes in the proportions of these types, and correlating these changes with known events in intra-political struggles and economic processes. The research shows that, despite the claims of some researchers, the political crisis in the PRC generally preceded the global economic crisis of 2008. This crisis reflects a shift in the system of power organization formed at the beginning of the policy of reforms and openness, and may have far-reaching consequences for the domestic and global political landscape.

A szociális területen tanuló felsőoktatási hallgatók életpálya tervei egy kelet-magyarországi pilotkutatás tükrében

Our paper explores the family and career plans of social sciences students at Hungary’s second largest university based on a questionnaire-based pilot study. Nowadays, careers include more than the traditional vertical promotion within an organisation, as seen from the emergence of the self-directed “protean” career type, which prompts organisations to adapt to individuals’ values, attitudes, and own career definitions. In addition, the Kaleidoscope Career Model sets out that individuals adapt their career goals to their life stages. Thus, students’ career and family plans matter to prospective employers. Our results show that a modern self-directed career type has emerged among students, for whom it is a priority to meet their own expectations. In several cases, starting a family is preceded by career goals. Furthermore, despite the “feminine” nature of social sciences, our pilot study shows that male students in the field still tend to conform to traditional gender roles regarding the importance of family and career. Our research implies that prospective employers need to adapt their HR strategies to young people’s family and career plans. Moreover, organisations should support students in gaining relevant work experience and in achieving their subsequent career plans.

ROMA/CIGÁNY GYERMEKEK A DEBRECENI LABDARÚGÓ AKADÉMIÁN – EGY KVALITATÍV VIZSGÁLAT EREDMÉNYEI

One of the aims of the present study is to briefly outline the issues related to gipsy and sportsmen in the literature, and to interpret the main challenges and potential barriers that arise in this context (Bailey, 2005; Sütő-Gabóda, 2013; Kovács, 2016; Faragó and Konczosné, 2017). We also aim to review the most important contexts related to the social background of athletes and, more narrowly, football academics as a possible option for breakout opportunities, based on the football academy system that has been operating in Hungary since 2001 (Rábai, 2021), and to examine specifically how the Debrecen Football Academy can help young people of gipsy origin to break out. The focus of our study is qualitative research, during which we interviewed the leaders of the Debrecen Football Academy in order to get answers to our questions about the gipsy children in the academy. During the interviews, the interviewees provide an overview of the recruitment, social background and typical career paths of gipsy children who have attended the academy so far, as well as a general discussion of their situation and opportunities. Based on our results, the children studying and developing at the football academies have a stable social background, and the Debrecen Football Academy also offers scholarship-like support opportunities that can help children from lower social status in the institution receive significant support. Academy leaders emphasized during the interviews that, although gipsy children often drop out of education, they have a number of successful careers behind them, suggesting that they too have every opportunity to break through the academy. Interviewees also said that they do their best to support gipsy children so that no one is disadvantaged because of economic or social deprivation.

Вице-губернатор в системе управленческой элиты степных областей ЗападноСибирского и Степного генерал-губернаторств во второй половине XIX–начале XX века

The article analyzes the position of Vice-governor in the system of administrative elite of Akmola, Semipalatinsk and Semirechensk regions of the Russian Empire. Using the normative-legal base of local institutions of these regions, the «formal» position of officials in this position in the general structure of administrative power is characterized. Management in steppe regions is characterized by remoteness of territories from the center of decision-making, high share of nomadic population, marginal position. In this regard, the peculiarities of the position of Vice-governors in the steppe regions and in the interior of Russia are revealed. One of the important features of the service of these officials is the combination of military and civil power in the steppe regions and the lack of a clear division of responsibilities between the elements of the administrative elite. For the socio-cultural characterization of the composition of the Vice-governor corps we used the form lists and personal files of officials kept in the archives: the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, the Russian State Historical Archive and the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan. These data are published for the first time. The article concludes with a socio-cultural portrait of a typical Vice-governor of a steppe region, an analysis of the typical career trajectories of the official and a comparison of the scope of authority with similar officials from internal Russian provinces.

Career Orientation of Millennial Teenagers in Madura

This research aims to determine the description of career orientation among teenagers in Madura based on their identity. This research uses a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. The primary data researchers use is obtained through in-depth interviews and observations in the form of the words and actions of people who are observed or interviewed based on research topics obtained from research subjects. Supporting data for this research was obtained from a literature study. The research subjects were seven people with the criteria: (1) millennial teenagers aged 16 to 21 years, both men and women; (2) subjects residing in Madura; (3) subjects having emotional closeness to the researcher; and (4) subjects being willing to participate in research. Data analysis in this research uses phenomenological analysis techniques according to the research type used: phenomenal reduction, editorial reduction, and transcendental reduction. The research results include: first, the criteria and type of career they dream of, prioritizing thinking abilities (not physical), being relaxed, and having special skill qualifications. Second, the underlying motives for millennial teenagers in Madura in determining their dream career are based, among other things, on a sense of comfort, money, or salary, not feeling pressured, and having the value of service. Third, the driving figures in career choice are family and friends. Fourth, career achievement standards can be measured by the ability to develop an independent, private business that is developed from their dream profession, and the target retirement age for Madurese millennial teenagers is around 40–50 years old.

Entrepreneurial Intentions in the Caribbean: Antecedents and Variations

Increasingly, researchers and policy makers across the globe explore the transformative role of entrepreneurship in the development process. What remains relatively under interrogated in this process is the issue of entrepreneurial intentions within the Caribbean region. Where entrepreneurial intentions play a pivotal role in future entrepreneurial activity, this area of research can provide useful insights for development policy and practice. Considering the above, three main objectives guide this paper. Firstly, we comparatively examine the entrepreneurial intentions drawn from adult populations across Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. Secondly, we assess the relative importance of entrepreneurial skills, knowledge, and opportunity to entrepreneurial intentions. Thirdly, we also explore for possible socio[1]demographic variations (specifically based on sex, age, level of educational attainment, and type of current profession or career) in the levels of entrepreneurial intentions. To do this, we utilize available raw data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey for the Caribbean countries. We use this data set to test for the relative significance of key antecedent variables for understanding entrepreneurial intentions. Point to variability in the relationship between attitudinal factors, socio-demographic backgrounds, and entrepreneurial intentions between countries in the study. Implications for a more contextualized theorizations of entrepreneurial intentions are discussed.

Educationalists in 1950s, 1960s Hungary: Identity and Profession through Retrospective Life (Hi)Stories

This paper is based on the lost and found sources from the former Hungarian National Pedagogic Institute (OPI) and the National Educational Institute (OKI): due to the generosity of Professor Gábor Halász we can save valuable archives from disappearance. I found several life-story interviews in the corpus by different Hungarian educationalists, which were recorded in 1984 and 1985. These documents gives a unique opportunity to describe typical career patterns, how a teacher could become a head of a department in the Ministry or held other key positions on the highest level of educational administration in the post-war, communist Hungary. The semi-structured interviews focused on personal transitions and turns, connected with the historical time and political changes, including different socio-historical contexts and dimensions, like the recalled decades of 1950s and 1960, the interviewing period of the late socialism, and finally, the retrospection of the questioners. The biographic nature of the communist political system is a specific characteristics in my analysis: to get a position (like an editor in chief, a school inspector of different districts in Budapest, or a head of a department in the Cultural Ministry) it was required to constantly write and rewrite autobiographies; construct social and professional identities again and again, proved loyalty to the Party. The contemporary reader from 2023 can evaluate the sources as narrations: in the beginning crisis of the system in the 1980’s, the interviewees told their lives with the intention to form the memory, create legitimation and meanings for their past activities and life-stories.

Карьера женщин в спорте в условиях пандемии COVID-19: социально-экономический аспект

The article discusses the features of implementing women's sports career in the context of the coronavirus epidemic. Ways to maintain a career in isolation and options for its development, as well as government initiatives during this period, are analyzed. This includes a comparison of budget expenditures from the start of physical education funding to the post-pandemic period. In addition, types of careers are considered, including the ones typical to the current situation particular, the transformative type of career with a gradual upward movement and subsequent change of activity. This type of career is characterized by a high rate of job advancement (expansion of influence), which can be either gradual or abrupt. The predisposition of women to end their sports career is considered. The author's analysis is based on a sociological study conducted in 2021 in a specially designed questionnaire in Telegram using the survey method, as well as an in-depth interview with a master of sports in ballroom dancing and her career path, which combined several sports, as well as coaching. The current changes in sports practices, including the example of innovations with the help of social networks, which influenced the popularity of a healthy lifestyle are analyzed. The problems of youth sports school students and professional athletes due to the lack of equipment and the complexity of professional training at home are considered. In conclusion, the article examines the consequences not only of the pandemic, but also the ban on the participation of Russian athletes in international competitions, as well as the Olympic Games, and its possible consequences, which will negatively affect the wages of our athletes. In addition to that, there is a number of serious socio-economic problems, including the lack of financial resources for the construction of sports facilities in the regions.

An Exploratory Study on Career Challenges of&amp;nbsp; Spa Therapists in Sri Lanka

Spa in Sri Lanka provides a rejuvenating experience for anyone looking to unwind from the stresses of everyday life or find relief from the pain of a severe illness. Professional spa therapists play a significant role in the Sri Lankan spa industry. They should work in various settings, specialising in knowledge concerning specific client populations, and learn multiple massage and spa bodywork systems that approach the body and healing from new perspectives; therefore, many professional therapists face various challenges. This exploratory study aimed to explore career challenges faced by spa therapists in Sri Lanka. According to the survey, We were able to locate eight spa therapists working in an SLDTA-registered spa in Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used together to find information-rich cases. The thematic analysis has been used to analyse the data. According to the findings, different types of inherent and extrinsic challenges exist. These challenges include social, guest-related, health-related, workplace-place-related, economic, and regulatory-related. In addition, we were able to capture the response of Spa therapists to those challenges. The implications of this research would help understand the typical career challenges of Spa therapists and help the vocational training sector and industry regulators to develop measures to advance career development and establish the reputation of the occupation of the Spa therapist in Sri Lanka.

中国社交媒体环境下“宝妈创业者”的职业叙述：自我、孩子与生意

In the past decades, women-owned businesses have increased significantly. A large portion of these entrepreneurs are mothers who combine entrepreneurship with raising their children and are also known as ‘mompreneurs’. Researchers have highlighted the impact of changes at critical life stages on mothers’ career decisions, and noted that the unique way that entrepreneurial mothers coordinate roles, relationships, and domain involvement has an important influence on their career patterns. Despite a growing interest in women’s career-life development and entrepreneurship, relatively few researches have been conducted on the entrepreneurial career of self-employed mothers with dependent children. This research seeks to understand how mompreneurs perceive the relationship between self, business, and children. Adopting a career narrative perspective, this study applies a qualitative interview research design, the data were collected through open-ended, semi-structured interviews by face to face or Skype, supplemented by questionnaire. The twelve mothers’ interviews were a small sample of the most ordinary mompreneurs in China, they were recruited by purposive sampling and snowball sampling method. The study proposes ‘six entrepreneurial career types’ to explain why mother mothers’ transit into entrepreneurship, and is dedicated to providing theoretical and practical references for researchers and practitioners engaged in female entrepreneurship and career counseling.

Talents as career capitalists: how talent management programs influence individual career paths

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of global talent management (TM) on the career paths of those individuals identified as talents by their organisation, taking a career capital perspective. The research is based on a qualitative, explorative single-case study in a multinational company (MNC). 37 interviews were conducted, including 29 with talents and 8 with HR managers working in seven countries across Europe. The results show that exclusive TM programs lead to the accumulation of career capital and more precisely company-specific career capital, which influences the career paths of participants: it leads to a hybrid intra-organisational career type with frequent career moves (including across divisions) and expatriate assignments. Finally, my work suggests that talents accumulate company-specific career capital, which increases their career satisfaction and intention to stay within the company. The findings of this research contribute to the careers and TM literature streams by making three research propositions to be tested. It also provides practitioners with insights into how to develop and retain talent.