Term Career Research Articles

Formal degree programs in physiology promote careers of clinical scientists and benefit basic science departments.

Physiologists may play critical roles in the development of clinician-scientists who aspire to an academic career. The complexity of contemporary biomedical science and economic matters regarding postgraduate education pose real conundrums. We report a more than 22-year follow-up of surgical trainees pursuing bench laboratory science experience through a collaboration between a physiology postgraduate program and a surgical researcher program within a single public medical school. The sources and resources include selection, funding, physiology classroom work, and laboratory studies with personal involvement by faculty that have seldom been recorded, especially with longer term career outcomes. These selected PhD candidates have subsequently pursued several lines of activity, many with distinguished careers and major influences upon future generations of academic surgeons.

Development and Validation of the Career Authenticity Scale (CAS).

The self is crucial in career development, and authenticity emerges when individuals live in accordance with their true selves. This true self includes a deep awareness of one's abilities, cognitive, physical, and emotional traits, and unbiased answers to "Who am I?". Given its importance in career development, originality can significantly impact one's professional journey. This study brings a new structure to the field of career counseling with the term career authenticity. Career authenticity is a condition that emerges when individuals manage external influences and make their career choices in accordance with their true selves, thus achieving a work life that contributes to the meaning and purpose of their lives. The Career Authenticity Scale (CAS) was developed and validated in two samples of university students. In Study 1 (n = 402), the CAS was developed, and a structure consisting of 12 items and three dimensions was obtained as a result of exploratory factor analysis. Calculations also included the internal reliability coefficients of the CAS. In Study 2 (n = 322), the structure confirming the factors obtained in the first study was confirmed. Analyses also included convergent and discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, measurement invariance across gender, and item discrimination power of the CAS. The results show that the CAS meets the conditions for convergent and discriminant validity. A positive relationship was detected between the CAS and vocational outcome expectations and career proactive behaviors. The CAS was found to provide measurement invariance at configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance levels according to gender. In conclusion, the CAS was proven to be a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Investigation of students repeating calculus-based introductory physics courses by gender, ethnicity and race

Abstract We analyze institutional data from large introductory calculus-based physics courses at a large public research university in the US in which the students enrolled in these courses majored in engineering, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. The data was analyzed from two introductory physics courses that are required for most of these students and they are often considered “weed out” courses in that a poor performance in these courses can severely hinder students’ long term career goal achievement. In particular, these courses can act as gatekeepers for many students and those who do not perform to their satisfaction the first time often repeat these courses, particularly if they aspire to remain in their major. We present findings by analyzing data from different demographic groups based upon gender, ethnicity and race for how likely were the students from different demographic groups to repeat these introductory calculus-based physics courses and we compared outcomes of students who repeated with those who did not. We also analyzed and found similar patterns in the calculus courses that are co-requisites for the physics courses. However, the students who failed and repeated physics courses were not necessarily those who failed and repeated the calculus courses. These findings can help physics departments contemplate strategies for providing support to help all students excel in these calculus-based physics courses so that students do not have to repeat these courses, which are pivotal for accomplishing their long-term career goals.

Advancing Diversity in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research and Clinical Care: Lessons Learned from Educational and Career Trajectories of Recent Mentorship Program Graduates.

Underrepresented minorities (URMs) are disproportionately affected with aging-related conditions and have inadequate representation in gerontology and geriatrics professions. The Mentorship for Advancing Undergraduate Research on Aging (MADURA) Program aims to increase inclusion of URMs by improving undergraduate retention and success, increasing rates of graduate/medical school applications, and increasing entry into aging research/clinical employment. MADURA provides cohorts with faculty and peer mentorship, research skills training, paid research lab experiences and professional development opportunities. About 87% of the 2023 MADURA cohort intends to take 1+ year after receiving a Bachelor's degree, to prepare for graduate education. Planned activities include gaining work experience, preparing for standardized tests, and obtaining formal training to strengthen graduate/medical school applications. In addition to immediate graduate program acceptances, other student outcomes should be assessed. Longitudinal research on the effectiveness of various post-graduation pathways could assist Mentorship programs in supporting their graduates' longer term educational and career goal attainment.

Examining the Influence of Occupational Stress on Teaching Staff in Higher Education: A Case Study in Pune City

Work stress among teaching staff in higher education can have significant impacts on their well-being, job satisfaction, and overall effectiveness as educators. Pune city, known for its educational institutions and academic excellence, would likely see similar effects as in other places (Siu 2002; Winefield et al. 2003). The objective of these study was to determine the impact of work load of teaching staff in higher education institutions in Pune city. This study tries to shows the potential relationship among various factors like physical and mental health, job satisfaction, reduced performance, student learning, higher turnover rates, work life balance, quality of research and publications, institutional reputation, long term career impact and organisational outcomes (HSC 2002). Closed and open ended questions were administered for this study with respect to Pune city. Results shows that to mitigate the impact of work stress on teaching staff in higher education, institutions can consider implementing supportive measures such as providing resources for mental health support, offering training in stress management and time management, encouraging a healthy work-life balance, and addressing systemic issues related to workload distribution and administrative support (Siu 2002; Windfield et al 2001).

Socio-psychological aspects of accounting and analytical profession

It is difficult to overestimate the role and importance of economic services of economic entities, since all existing activities are reflected in economic indicators that require collection, registration, monitoring, processing and analysis. In addition, without the management of financial and economic activities, it is impossible to prepare adequate justifications for strategic and operational plans for the development of an economic entity. The leading role in this process belongs to the head and administrative and managerial personnel who make final management decisions. But they can implement this at the proper level only if they use accounting information and conduct its in-depth analysis. Only highly professional specialists in the field of accounting and analytical technologies can provide the necessary data for making adequate and effective management decisions, the role and importance of which remain at the highest level in the changing socio-economic and business environment. The object of the study is an accounting and analytical profession characterized by both certain socio-psychological difficulties and opportunities for long–term career success.

Challenges and Coping Strategies: A Study of Occupational Stress Among Pune's University Instructors

Work stress among teaching staff in higher education can have significant impacts on their well-being, job satisfaction, and overall effectiveness as educators. Pune city, known for its educational institutions and academic excellence, would likely see similar effects as in other places (Siu 2002; Winefield et al. 2003). The objective of these study was to determine the impact of work load of teaching staff in higher education institutions in Pune city. This study tries to shows the potential relationship among various factors like physical and mental health, job satisfaction, reduced performance, student learning, higher turnover rates, work life balance, quality of research and publications, institutional reputation, long term career impact and organisational outcomes (HSC 2002). Closed and open ended questions were administered for this study with respect to Pune city. Results shows that to mitigate the impact of work stress on teaching staff in higher education, institutions can consider implementing supportive measures such as providing resources for mental health support, offering training in stress management and time management, encouraging a healthy work-life balance, and addressing systemic issues related to workload distribution and administrative support (Siu 2002; Windfield et al 2001).

일반 고등학교 교육과정 편성·운영 체제의 변천 과정 개관

Objectives This study attempted to examine the overall flow of how the general high school curriculum in Korea has been organized and operated in a time series.
 Methods To this end, this study used literature research methods to collect general high school curriculum docu-ments from the 1st curriculum to the 2022 revised curriculum, and analyzed changes by revision period, focusing on the general high school curriculum organization and operation system, subject organization, and time dis-tribution standards.
 Results First, it was confirmed that a general high school curriculum organization and operation system has been established and standardized, focusing on curriculum organization and time distribution standards. Second, it was confirmed that subjects suitable for the talents, aptitudes, abilities, and careers of general high school students have been properly imposed under the distinction between essential and optional. Third, in terms of efficiency in organizing and operating general high school curriculum, it was confirmed that the criteria for allocation and com-pletion time have been set in consideration of the situation of the local community and school, the needs of stu-dents, and the characteristics and contents of the subject.
 Conclusions First, it is necessary to implement a customized curriculum system optimized based on the student's career so that general high school students can develop their own talents, aptitudes, and abilities and pioneer ca-reers in terms of lifelong learning. Second, to organize and operate a customized curriculum for students, it is nec-essary to restructure the subject by career of general high school students and reorganize the subject in consid-eration of the nature, scope, role, status, and weight of the subject in terms of balance, sequence, and concentration. Third, as the class volume standard shifts from unit to credit, it is necessary to autonomously adjust the criteria and scope of the class time distribution and the completion credit for each subject if necessary at school rather than limiting the general high school course completion credit to the minimum amount of instruction.

Exploring the career development issues of young musicians through participation in music festivals: A case study of the Youth Music Culture Guangdong Festival

Previous studies have highlighted that emerging musicians have a narrow understanding of their future careers due to the limitations of university education and therefore encourage them to engage in extra-curricular spaces such as music festivals. However, much research has focused on the external impacts of music festivals, neglecting its core stakeholders of participating musicians, especially the younger generation. This study, therefore, examines the impacts of participating in music festivals on the career awareness, employability and career development of young musicians by using a case study of the Youth Music Culture Guangdong (YMCG) festival in Guangzhou, China. The data collected from interviews with three festival organisers and eight participating young musicians were analysed through thematic analysis. The results reveal that the music festival has impacted young musicians’ careers in terms of stimulating creativity, motivating working passion, building transferable skills and expanding sustainable networks, horizons and industrial understandings. The multiple impacts of festival participation contribute to developing a learner identity, which was described by previous research as the key to young musicians’ careers in such a precarious industry. Different from university contexts, music festivals provide a more diverse, inclusive and uncompetitive environment for young musicians to explore the possibilities of the music industry.

What are the chances? Clinician scientist` career pathways in Germany

BackgroundGermany faces a lack of clinician scientists. This problem is widely acknowledged, not just in Germany, as clinician scientists are crucial for medical translation and innovation: trained in medical practice and research they are capable of translating scientific problems into clinical application and vice versa, clinical problems into research. The implementation of nationwide clinician scientist programs (CSPs) in Germany is supposed to solve the lack of trained clinician scientists and, as consequence, to improve the translational relationship between biomedical research and clinical practice. Against the backdrop of an increasing number of CSPs, our study provides early insights into their effectiveness with a focus on what it means to become a clinician scientist and to establish a subsequent career path as a clinician scientist in Germany.MethodsDuring a research project that was conducted from 2020 to 2023 and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, we studied thirteen CSPs. We developed a qualitative questionnaire and interviewed 36 clinician scientists in training, their program supervisors, as well as policy stakeholders. The goal of the interviews was to identify the key obstacles in establishing a career path for clinician scientists in Germany.ResultsWe found three types of challenges for establishing and ensuring long term career paths for clinician scientists: First, local working conditions need to allow for clinician scientists to create and perform tasks that combine research, teaching, patient care and translation synergistically. Protection from the urgency of patient care and from metrics-based performance measures both in the clinic and in research seem key here. Second, a stable career path requires new target positions besides clinic management and senior residency. Third, there is a need for cultural change within university medicine that recognizes and rewards new translation-focused practices.ConclusionWe find that CSPs improve working conditions for the duration of the program and provide protected time for doing research. After the programs, however, the career paths remain unstable, mainly due to a lack of target positions for clinician scientists. CSPs support the initial development of the clinician scientist’ role, but not in a sustainable way, because the separation of research and patient care is stabilized on an institutional and systemic level. The tasks clinician scientists perform in research remain separate from patient care and teaching, thus, limiting their translational potential. In order to remain a clinician scientist within this differentiated system of university medicine, clinician scientists have to do a significant amount of extra work.

Fabricating and positioning refugees as workers in the United States

ABSTRACT In this paper, which draws on two years of qualitative research, I examine the ways in which refugees are positioned and position themselves in job training programs and in their initial US jobs. I provide examples of how ‘factishes’, a combination of facts and fetishes, are fabricated and position the refugees, and those working with them, in discourses associated with migration. Moving from notions of humanitarian aid to economic utility, trainers and employers position the refugees as economic stabilizers, capable of performing low-skill jobs, which US-born workers do not often choose, and which undocumented Mexican migrants do not ‘deserve’. In doing so, they also position themselves as helpful humanitarians. The positioning is useful in securing initial employment for the refugees but not in longer term career advancement. Some of the refugees challenge the positioning, modifying the factishes to improve their employment prospects and possibly their long-term integration into society.

An exploration of culture and gender: Intrinsic and extrinsic job expectations in the U.S. and Brazil

BACKGROUND: As interest in foreign business enterprises rises between the U.S. and Brazil, companies have encountered added challenges in the areas of staffing and gender inequity and inequality against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. Companies must address these challenges head on to continue to thrive. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to identify and diagnose the differences in job expectations of employees in the early stages of their career and personal development in terms of their gender and nationality. METHODS: This study asked male and female workers from the U.S. and Brazil to rate the importance of various intrinsic and extrinsic job characteristics on a five-point Likert scale. Responses were compared for 1,431 total participants. RESULTS: This study found both cultural (U.S. and Brazil) and gender (male and female) differences in rank order ratings across an array of job expectations. Findings also revealed significant cultural and gender differences in mean importance scores for job expectations rated by these groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study’s findings are relevant to guide managerial practices as companies seek to attract, develop, and retain future generations of technical and managerial staff following the uncertainty brought about by COVID-19 and the Great Resignation.

HOW EFFECTIVE ARE PARENTS' PROFESSIONAL GOALS ON INDIVIDUALS?

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine if the role of parents has an impact on the preferences of individuals who prefer sports science faculties.
 Method: 465 (124 female, 341 male) student candidates who took the Hitit University Faculty of Sports Sciences Special Talent Exam in 2022 participated in the study. The student candidates who will participate in the study answered the questionnaire after completing the voluntary consent form. The Individual-Parent Career Inconsistency Scale and a questionnaire with demographic information were applied to the participants. The SPSS 22 program was used for statistical analysis of the data obtained from our study. The normal distribution of the obtained data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and it was found that they did not have a normal distribution. Descriptive analyzes were performed for the demographic characteristics of the participants. The chi-square test was used to test the significant relationship between the demographic variables, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for survey questions with two different variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for survey questions with more than two variables.
 Findings: There was no significant difference in the statistical values of the responses given by the participants on the scale for the inconsistency of the parents' individual careers (p > 0.05) in terms of gender, whether there is an athlete in the family, playing active sports, being placed by an exam, and taking a special talent exam at another university (p > 0.05). However, there seems to be a significant difference in the situation of the participants who took a special talent exam at another university, in their preference for sports science, and in their plans for after graduation. (p > 0.05).
 Conclusion: From the findings we have obtained from the study, it can be concluded that the role of parents is not crucial in the career preferences of individuals who prefer sports science faculties for their educational life. This is because the decline in employment of sport science graduates in recent years, the perception that sport science graduates can only become physical education teachers, and parents' lack of knowledge about other career options are considered to be effective.
 
 Key Words: Sports Sciences, Professional Influence of Parents, Student

The Impact of German MPs’ Outside Activities on Their Parliamentary Careers

Moonlighting by members of parliament is a controversial issue with consequences that are still not particularly well-researched. Drawing on theories of legislative organisation, we aim to shed light on this topic by scrutinising how MPs’ outside activities are associated with their political careers. For this purpose, we differentiate outside activities into work-related side jobs and lobbying-oriented interest affiliations. Furthermore, we assess parliamentary careers in terms of obtaining leading positions in committees and in working groups or sections in parliamentary parties. Our analysis of the members of the 19th German Bundestag (2017–2021) that were re-elected and subsequently appointed to offices in the 20th legislative period shows that some interest affiliations have a positive impact on the likelihood of being appointed to an office while side jobs and outside earnings do not appear to have an effect. In sum, our findings show that parliamentary party groups value MPs’ ties to interest organisations, but also question the collective benefits of MPs’ side jobs to legislation.

Feminist Approaches In Islamic Studies

The purpose of this writing is to understand 3 things: first, the concrete form of the feminist approach. Second, the factors that influence the existence of a feminist approach in Islamic studies. Third, the implications of academic feminist approaches to the dynamics of Islamic studies. The author uses the literature method by using a feminist approach in studying Islam. The results of this study show that first, feminist etymology comes from the word femme (single woman) who fought to fight for the rights of women as a social class. In terminology a women's movement that demands full equality. Second, internal factors include low knowledge and understanding of the community about religious values related to the role and function of women, the reality of Muslim society that still experiences gender bias, as well as the essence of women's bodies.external factors include the number of religious interpreters who harm the position and role of women as well as patriarchal culture that has long dominated in society (political, economic, and biased interpretation of religious texts gender). Third, positive impact: The existence of the term career woman makes women become more independent women, women are not oppressed by the capitalist system, and are productive in doing things outside the domstic. Negative impact: Negative impact (the birth of various lesbian feminism movements or the practice of free sex between women and women), and There are several ideologies of the feminism movement that are not in accordance with Islamic corridors

Pursuance of academic music studies by popular Zimbabwe musicians

Some popular musicians in Zimbabwe have taken up professional development seriously and enrolled in academic music studies, yet no research has been done to explore this recent phenomenon. Whenever the subject of Zimbabwean music is discussed, the focus tends to centre on popular artists, their lifestyles, achievements and scandals. The emerging trend in which Zimbabwean artists are enrolling for academic programs has received little scholarly interrogation. This is the scenario despite the fact that education is the backbone for the development of the music industry, which is part of the United Nations` Sustainable Development Goals. The main aim of this article is to consider how music studies impact and broaden the scope of the artists and contribute to the betterment of the Zimbabwe music industry. In this qualitative study, we purposively sampled and interviewed 7 popular Zimbabwean musicians who embarked on academic music studies. Data were collected through key informant interviews to solicit their views on the value that music education adds to their professional careers in terms of transforming their performances, compositions and application of music theory to analyses musical issues, as well as observations and document analysis. The study was guided and informed by the theory of stereotype and Dweck`s theory of mind-set. The findings steer an interesting discussion in which the musicians indicate how their capabilities and conduct of business are polished by their interaction with academia. We argue that the acquisition of professional academic qualifications by popular musicians adds value to their acts and encourage untrained musicians to seriously consider trudging the academic route for the development of the Zimbabwe music industry to realise its full potential.

LTCOS Data Management: CHPE and PDC

The purpose of this short essay is to describe the data management processes utilized in the Long Term Career Outcome Study at the Center for Health Professions Education and the Postgraduate Dental College of the Uniformed Services University. It includes descriptions of our workflow, how we obtain the data, challenges, and recommendations based on our experience for data managers and institutions to follow. This descriptive writing may help guide practice for other institutions looking to streamline their data management plan.

Reflecting on LTCOS Scholarship and Implications for Educational Practice

The Long Term Career Outcome Study is a central program of research in the Center for Health Professions Education at the Uniformed Services University. The overarching goal of Long Term Career Outcome Study is to perform evidence-based evaluations before, during, and after medical school, and as such, it represents a form of educational epidemiology. In this essay, we highlighted the findings of the investigations published in this special issue. These investigations span from "before" medical school matriculation to "during" medical school and "after" learners go on to graduate training and practice. Furthermore, we discuss how this scholarship might shed light on improving the educational practices at the Uniformed Services University and potentially elsewhere. We hope that this work demonstrates how research can enhance medical education processes and connect research, policy, and practice.

Breaking Down Grit: Persistency and Flexibility in the Career Plans of Military Medical Students.

The field of medicine is experiencing a crisis as high levels of physician and trainee burnout threaten the pipeline of future physicians. Grit, or passion and perseverance for long-term goals, has been studied in high-performing and elite military units and found to be predictive of successful completion of training in adverse conditions. The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) graduates military medical leaders who make up a significant portion of the Military Health System physician workforce. Taken together, an improved understanding of the relationships between burnout, well-being, grit, and retention among USU graduates is critical to the success of the Military Health System. The current study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at USU and explored these relations among 519 medical students across three graduating classes. These students participated in two surveys approximately one year apart from October 2018 until November 2019. Participants completed measures on grit, burnout, and likelihood of leaving the military. These data were then merged with demographic and academic data (e.g., Medical College Admission Test scores) from the USU Long Term Career Outcome Study. These variables were then analyzed simultaneously using structural equation modeling to examine the relationships among variables in a single model. Results reaffirmed the 2-factor model of grit as both passion and perseverance (or interest consistency). No significant relationships emerged between burnout and other study variables. Sustained and focused interest was predictive of less likelihood of staying in the military. This study offers important insights into the relationship among well-being factors, grit, and long-term career planning in the military. The limitations of using a single-item measure of burnout and measuring behavioral intentions in a short time frame during undergraduate medical education highlight the importance of future longitudinal studies that can examine actual behaviors across a career lifespan. However, this study offers some key insights into potential impacts on the retention of military physicians. The findings suggest that military physicians who are most likely to stay in the military tend to embrace a more fluid and flexible medical specialty path. This is critical in expectation setting for the military to train and retain military physicians across a wide range of critical wartime specialties.

Motivations of BS Hospitality Management Students at Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College, Philippines

As the tourism and hospitality industries adapt to evolving local and global demand patterns around the world, employment at all skill levels is anticipated to rise, thus increased the demand for educated professionals. However, the COVID-19 pandemic had the impacted educational institutions and the tourism industry. Therefore, designing a curriculum involves a more profound knowledge of why students enroll in a course as they fill the positions assigned by the industry. Thus, the study sought to determine the perceptions of BS Hospitality Management students to provide significant inputs to the development of programs for the students in relation to their career opportunities. The study ascertained the relationship between the 159 respondents' profiles and their motivational elements using a descriptive approach. The survey's key findings indicated that the BSHM students at ISPSC were highly motivated to pursue their degree because they perceived the field attractive for employment; and the prospects for personal and work-related opportunities, though faced with uncertainties during the pandemic. The study discovered a correlation between gender and employment opportunities. It highlighted how gender differed in their motivation to pursue the course in terms of job opportunities. The study recommends that the institution should develop a college action plan for students’ making the transition from secondary to college to guide them in selecting the right courses. It should also develop the career manegemnt skills necessary for long term career success to prepare the students’ in addressing their career perceptions and uncertainties about their future profession in the tourism industry.