Careful Inquiry Research Articles

Crafting Cross-Border Connections: Religion and Perceptions of Erdoğan in the Middle East and North Africa

Abstract This study examines how religion influences public opinion about foreign leaders, focusing on attitudes toward Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, a pivotal figure in mena. Through the lens of image theory and Arab public opinion research, it offers fresh perspectives on the complex interaction between religion, understood as a multidimensional concept, and public sentiment. The empirical analysis of Gallup and Arab Barometer surveys reveals meaningful effects of piety, sectarianism, and Islamist ideology on perceptions of Erdoğan. Particularly, Erdoğan’s portrayal as a devout Sunni leader and a staunch Islamist strongly resonates among ordinary Arab citizens. While opposition to normalization with Israel engender support for Erdoğan, anti-Americanism does not exert a meaningful effect relative to religious considerations. This study underscores the role of the secular-Islamist divide, piety, and sectarianism in shaping perceptions of foreign leaders, calling for further scholarly inquiry into the nexus of religion, international politics, and public opinion in mena.

The role of cricoarytenoid joint ankylosis in bilateral vocal cord immobility.

To stratify the severity of cricoarytenoid joint fixation (CAJF) by surgery and understand the role of it played in the bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI). The second objective emphasizes on the significance of the preoperative differential diagnosis from neurogenic immobility with medical history and endoscopic findings. A retrospective review was conducted of 74 patients between 2005 and 2022. Careful medical history inquiry, and videolaryngoscopy are conducted to recruit the appropriate surgical candidates. All patients underwent arytenoid remobilization (AR) followed by vocal fold medialization with arytenoid adduction (AA) or lateralization with suture lateralization (SL). The severity of CAJF is graded during the operation or inferred based on the period from operation to recurrence. A total of 18 patients, aged between 18 and 76years, were analyzed. Among them, 14 cases were classified as the adducted type with ventilation problems, with three presenting with dyspnea, and 11 requiring artificial airways. Additionally, four patients presented with the abducted type, characterized by aphonia. Meanwhile, two additional cases were considered for comparison but were not included in this cohort of 18 subjects due to incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate management. Using AR procedure, the AA procedure offered three aphonia subjects a voiced sound without airway impairment and the SL procedure decannulated 100% (11/11) of the artificial airways and improved the airway patency in 100% (3/3) of the non-tracheostomized subjects despite the severity of CAJF. The severity of joint ankylosis was distributed as follows: In the aphonia group, there were three subjects with grade I, one subject with grade II, and 0 subjects with grade III. In the ventilation group, there was one subject with grade I, seven subjects with grade II, and six subjects with grade III. In contrast, the two cases used for comparison experienced recurrent dyspnea and failed decannulation because the AR procedure was not performed. The follow-up period was averaged in 58 and 14months at least. From this experience, it is the accurate preoperative diagnosis instead of the severity of CAJF that determines the successful rate in airway patency and voiced phonation if the AR procedure is utilized. Careful medical history inquiry and videolaryngoscopic examination can correctly differentiate the mechanical from neurogenic origin without the help of EMG. Evidence of level: 4.

Integrating pastoral care and appreciative inquiry for sex trafficking survivors: A framework for healing

Integrating appreciative inquiry (AI) and pastoral care may help address the complex issues of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. This article explores the benefits of incorporating AI principles into pastoral care for survivors of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking involve exploitation, degradation, and violence, making them complex issues. By understanding the sex trade, we can recognise that prostitution is an act of exploitation. Some scholars believe that prostitution and human trafficking are interconnected, with a focus on exploiting the poor, especially women and children. Commercial sexual exploitation can cause mental, emotional, and spiritual distress. Survivors require comprehensive aftercare to address their spiritual, self-esteem, and dignity needs. Organisational development-based AI is constructive and strength-based. Appreciative inquiry promotes positive development, community and individual strength, and resilience by re-contextualizing narratives and envisioning brighter futures. The use of AI could improve pastoral care and holistic rehabilitation. Pastoral caregivers using AI can promote reconciliation, development, and rehabilitation. Using strengths-based strategies, pastoral care practitioners can help survivors regain agency and purpose. Survivors receive spiritual support through the Appreciative Way, which combines contemplative spirituality and inquiry. Narrative exploration can help trauma survivors envision a bright future based on love and resilience. This study suggests that AI principles may benefit pastoral care recipients who have experienced commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Pastoral caregivers can help survivors regain dignity, calling, and well-being by implementing an appreciative healing approach.Contribution: The article sheds light on the dehumanising consequences of sex trafficking on vulnerable populations in South Africa, particularly women and children. This article aims to explain how AI concepts can be applied to Practical Theology. Specifically, this article will demonstrate how the Appreciative Way can be utilised in pastoral care for healing from sex trafficking trauma.

Navigating Chinese international students’ inquiry learning in a multilingual and multicultural environment

ABSTRACT In the past few decades, inquiry learning, as a research-based learning approach, has been increasingly emphasised in developed Western countries. This study examined the inquiry learning experiences of 17 Chinese international students at their host universities in the USA, the UK, Australia, and Canada, along with their achievements and challenges. Through two rounds of one-on-one semi-structured interviews, this study found a close relationship between the emphasis on inquiry learning in host universities and neoliberal demands for students to acquire knowledge and diverse practical competences. Urged by the learning demands in the host universities, participants advanced in knowledge acquisition, acquired active, passionate, responsible, and inclusive learning attitudes, as well as English language competence, intercultural competence, and other practical competences through inquiry learning. They also faced additional workload and challenges regarding language difficulties and sociocultural factors mediated by home and host educational, social, and cultural contexts. This study advises international and domestic staff and students to engage in constant, candid dialogue, try to understand the specific learning challenges that international students face, and the support they desire. Collaborative efforts from all relevant stakeholders are necessary to create a diversified, caring, inclusive, and supportive inquiry learning environment conducive to mutual learning and thriving.

Raising nurse educators’ awareness regarding caring pedagogical relationships’ barriers to foster inclusive simulation settings: Insights from a phenomenological study

AimThe purpose of this paper was to shed light on the main barriers to caring pedagogical relationships within simulation centers from the perspective of nursing students and offer targeted strategies to reduce these barriers. BackgroundA caring pedagogical relationship is a powerful strategy to foster students’ learning within simulation settings. However, the development of this relationship could be hindered if nurse educators are not aware of its barriers. Hence, this could affect students’ learning and well-being within this academic context. According to our knowledge, no previous research has addressed the question of the barriers to caring pedagogical relationships within the context of simulation. DesignThis study employed a descriptive phenomenological method, entitled Relational Caring Inquiry, to collect and analyze data gathered from 19 students enrolled in an undergraduate nursing program. ResultsThis paper focuses on one eidos-theme that emerged from our data analysis and interpretation entitled “Educator’s conscientization regarding barriers to the development of a caring pedagogical relationship”. According to data analysis and interpretation, this eidos-theme was the most emphasized by research participants. It emerged from the following themes: (a) educators’ dehumanizing practices, (b) disruptive and stressful academic context, (c) lack of educators’ experiences and (d) educators’ disinterest in students’ learning. ConclusionsLeaving caring pedagogical relationships’ barriers unaddressed has shown adverse impacts on students’ learning process and their mental and physical well-being. This paper brings to light the main barriers to caring pedagogical relationships and invites educators, managers and nurse leaders to be aware of these obstacles and collectively engage in humanizing nursing education. In other words, we emphasize the impact of these barriers on students’ apprenticeship and suggest political actions to build caring and inclusive simulation environments. Study Registration NumberCERSES-19–050-D.

The potential of self-access language centres in fostering lifelong global citizenship: towards a community of practice approach

Purpose Drawing primarily on the Japanese context, this study aims to highlight this setting to emphasise the potential for tertiary-level self-access language centres to develop lifelong global citizenship, self-reflection and cross-cultural collaboration. Design/methodology/approach This inquiry calls on the community of practice approach to account for the shared interests motivating lifelong cross-cultural participation, the quality of social engagement between actors, and the material and cognitive tools called upon to realise global citizenship’s shared enterprise. Findings As argued here, embracing various cultures and inclusive participation can lead to a broader understanding of global citizenship, avoiding narrow-minded views of globalism through shared knowledge and critical practices. Further, self-access provides a cost-effective, technology-mediated alternative to bilateral student mobility, whereby digital community-building occasions cross-cultural practice that may be extended throughout a learner’s life, irrespective of their financial status or place of study. Originality/value This study is one of a select few drawing on the community of practice framework within the context of lifelong global citizenship. Nevertheless, such an approach remains primed for future development. With a social constructivist philosophy in view, the authors suggest complementary qualitative research approaches that highlight the socially situated nature of both disciplines.

Calling to the collective: contact calling rates within groups of disc-winged bats do not vary by kinship or association.

Many group-living animals coordinate social behaviours using contact calls, which can be produced for all group members or targeted at specific individuals. In the disc-winged bat, Thyroptera tricolor, group members use 'inquiry' and 'response' calls to coordinate daily movements into new roosts (furled leaves). Rates of both calls show consistent among-individual variation, but causes of within-individual variation remain unknown. Here, we tested whether disc-winged bats produce more contact calls towards group members with higher kinship or association. In 446 experimental trials, we recorded 139 random within-group pairs of one flying bat (producing inquiry calls for roost searching) and one roosting bat (producing response calls for roost advertising). Using generalized linear mixed-effect models (GLMM), we assessed how response and inquiry calling rates varied by sender, receiver, genetic kinship and co-roosting association rate. Calling rates varied consistently across senders but not by receiver. Response calling was influenced by inquiry calling rates, but neither calling rate was higher when the interacting pair had higher kinship or association. Rather than dyadic calling rates indicating within-group relationships, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that bats produce contact calls to maintain contact with any or all individuals within a group while collectively searching for a new roost site. This article is part of the theme issue 'The power of sound: unravelling how acoustic communication shapes group dynamics'.

Anti-racism, racism, and the microbiome: A review

Debates about the relationship between racism, anti-racism, and the new life sciences calls for further inquiry into the growing popularity of microbiome science. Scientists define human microbiomes as unique communities of microorganisms that vary across body-sites, lifespan, location, and lifestyle. As new biomarkers for human diversity, scientists argue that microbiomes environmentally mediate development and health, which also reframes classical models of disease. In the small subset of literature that engages the stakes for race, the implications of human microbiome science are posed in terms of paradoxically reifying racism and empowering anti-racist science. To illustrate this duality, I first review the two most pervasive critiques of explicitly and implicitly reproducing racial categories in human microbiome science. Then, I show how some of the same critics embrace other versions of microbiome science as a tool to fight for environmental justice and de-essentialize race. However, in the next section, I challenge this distinction by arguing that even the most promising aspect of microbiome science as biosocial “becoming” can reproduce racial hierarchies too. In sketching limits in the current literature, I conclude by suggesting that critical engagements with biosocial formations of race need to further examine the relational formation of whiteness and that such inquiry requires elevating Black and Indigenous scholars.

Editorial

This editorial celebrates the Journal of Applied Arts & Health’s (JAAH) fifteenth anniversary, reflecting on its evolution and impact at the intersection of art, health and well-being. It reflects on the previous JAAH Special Issue (14:3) paying homage to Emeritus University Professor Shaun McNiff, a trailblazer in the field, whose fifty-plus-year career is highlighted. The journal’s role in promoting understanding of art’s diverse benefits, particularly in healthcare, is emphasized. Amid global challenges, the editorial acknowledges the world’s ongoing shifts and challenges to health and well-being, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruptions, geopolitical tensions and climate change concerns. It recognizes the role of JAAH in fostering exploration, understanding and advocacy in applied arts and health, while calling for continued innovation and inquiry in the next fifteen years. The editorial introduces the current journal issue’s content, which covers a range of research projects, an interview and reviews.

An inquiry into divergent literacy practices among communities resident in Nandi County

The study is an inquiry into divergent literacy practices among communities resident in Nandi County. This means that the study will explore the different literacy literacies among multicultural and multilingual residents in the County. In this study, a purposive stratified sample of 60 rural-urban mixes of intercultural group locations in Nandi County comprising a purposive selection of 20 respondents in each location using the snowball technique was used, face-to-face interviews, literacy diaries, observation, video with inbuilt audio recording, and documentation. The results of the study indicated significant ways in which multilingual residents of Nandi County use literacies in their everyday lives. For example, it was established from interviews and observations made in churches in Nandi County that the church had elaborate literacies evident in its programmes and activities. For instance, the Sunday school curriculum was structured and developed into lessons that children were taken through. In some churches, the lessons were structured to fit the children’s ages, that is, lower and upper classes. It was concluded that the skills required for navigating and performing in today’s information age invite us to focus on a wide range of literacies. It is evident that individuals and groups always go beyond the literacy they possess when confronted with situations that require them to act or solve a problem. Consequently, this calls for inquiry into literacy practices that are unique to each setting. It was recommended that individuals and groups are not limited to the knowledge and skills they possess only, and therefore, what they do with literacies should be investigated.

Amar a Deus, amar a natureza? Valores intrínsecos, stewardship e reverência pela natureza

Abstract Most approaches in environmental ethics that contemplate the normativity of intrinsic values rely on the idea of love or reverence for nature. This paper challenges the need to love nature in order to respect it as a value in itself (i.e., as an intrinsic value). In this regard, the main questions to answer are: is there a need to regard nature as sacred in order to respect it (i.e., to ascribe intrinsic value to it)? What kind of coincidence is there between God and the natural world? The response to these questions calls for a deep inquiry into the cosmological or metaphysical ideas (or conceptions of divinity) underlying them. This paper analyses, thus, three theological, cosmological, or metaphysical ideas (i.e., pantheism, theism, and teleological conception of nature) concerning intrinsic values: some of these (e.g., pantheism) contemplate the idea of the sacredness of nature, which has a clear religious inspiration. These cosmological paradigms also imply different human behaviors towards life: 1. Pantheism implies reverence for Life since nature is sacred (God mainly coincides with nature). Thus, the human being is part of the extended more-than-human community. 2. Theism reaffirms that every form of life is good since it has been created by God. This implies that human beings are the steward of creation. 3. The finalistic idea of nature sustains that life is an end in itself (i.e., has intrinsic value) and that our responsibility emerges from both the value of life and our impact on the environment.

The puzzling association between accounting conservatism and corporate social responsibility

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on exploring the mutual impact of accounting conservatism and corporate social responsibility (CSR).Design/methodology/approachTo empirically assess the theoretical arguments the authors estimate a simultaneous equations system for accounting conservatism and corporate social responsibility determination by two-stage least squares in a sample of 175 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for the period 2009–2019.FindingsThe results of the present study showed that accountability in companies listed on the TSE has led to an increase in the use of conservative practices. Therefore arguably, companies that seek CSR activities are more conservative in preparing and presenting financial reports. Also, companies that engage in conservative practices for the benefit of stakeholders are better able to implement CSR activities to meet stakeholder obligations. These results show a two-way relationship between CSR and accounting conservatism.Practical implicationsAccording to the results obtained from this study and the elimination of conservatism from the qualitative features of financial reporting in International Accounting Standards, it is recommended for the trustees and authorities of national accounting standards to decide whether this qualitative feature is effective or not.Originality/valueFurthermore, the findings of this study suggest that the application of corporate social responsibility theories calls for more inquiry.

A GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS ON RIVER DYNAMICS IN UPPER ACTIVE BRAHMAPUTRA-JAMUNA FLOODPLAIN REGION, BANGLADESH

The hydro-geomorphic dynamism of the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River system in Bangladesh poses critical challenges for sustainable river management, given the country's vulnerability to climate change and riverbank erosion. The present study employs a longitudinal analysis of Landsat and Sentinel images from 1988 to 2023, integrated with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to provide a temporal assessment of the river’s dynamic behavior. Results reveal significant temporal and seasonal fluctuations in the riverbed's spatial extent, dynamism rate, and common area, underlining the system's inherent volatility. Between 1988 and 2023, the riverbed’s area exhibited marked variability, ranging from 237.9537 km² to 365.8552 km². Seasonal evaluations also pinpointed pronounced changes, particularly in pre-monsoon and monsoon periods, revealing substantial variations in dynamism area and rates. The study uncovers intriguing patterns, such as the anomalous high dynamism area in 2020 and the surge in winter dynamism rate in 2022, calling for a deeper inquiry into potential climatic anomalies or anthropogenic influences and the need for ongoing monitoring and adaptive river management, particularly under increased environmental stress from climate change.

The pursuit of optimal dual career balance by athletes in women’s professional ice hockey

A recent period of growth in women’s professional and semiprofessional sport leagues has provided many athletes with newfound career opportunities. Concomitantly, an increasing number of female athletes are maintaining occupations in and out of sport. Little, however, is known about such maintenance: an ever-growing body of literature on dual careers (i.e., the combination of sport and studies or work) is replete with works on sport and education, but lacking in studies on athletes who are employed in multiple occupations. Consequently, and given related calls for further inquiry, the researchers conducted a study on the pursuit of optimal dual career balance by athletes who have typically held more than one occupation, those in women’s professional ice hockey. Interviews with nine such athletes (n = 9), as well as two team managers (n = 2), from the Premier Hockey Federation, revealed that the pursuit of optimal dual career balance involved multiple demands (e.g., work-work conflict, work to family interference); elicited the employment of organizational (e.g., schedule accommodations, athletic reprieves, flexible work arrangements), social (e.g., moral and financial support), and personal resources (e.g., planning/scheduling, open communication, temporary task prioritization, compartmentalization, positive reinterpretation); and engendered both costs (e.g., limited training and athletic development, dropout/retirement) and benefits (e.g., vocational advancement, broadened identities, preparedness for athletic career cessation) alike. Ultimately, the responses of the interviewees pointed to the potential for managers and psychologists to further support working athletes in the pursuit of optimal dual career balance. Lay summary: Athletes in women’s professional ice hockey typically must maintain more than one career/occupation. In doing so, they are likely to experience multiple challenges (e.g., work conflicts). These challenges may result in dropout, or, through various supports, be minimized. When minimized, or overcome, athletes may succeed in sport, work, and beyond.

The killing of the New Lodge Six in February 1973

Six unarmed men were shot dead by the British Army in the New Lodge area of Belfast in the North of Ireland on the 3rd and 4th February 1973. Collectively, these men are known as the New Lodge Six. There has never been a public inquiry into how or why they died. Eyewitnesses were not interviewed and there was a terrifying absence of police investigation into why six unarmed men were killed by British forces. No British soldiers were ever prosecuted in relation to this case. This intervention outlines what happened to the six unarmed men and how the British Army claimed the New Lodge Six were involved in a gun battle with troops. The intervention has three interlocking aims. Firstly, the aim is to draw attention to the case following the 50th anniversary of the shootings. Secondly, the intervention calls for a public inquiry into the New Lodge Six killings, which share troubling similarities with the shooting of unarmed civilians on Bloody Sunday twelve months earlier. Finally, the aim is to position the case within the context of other conflict-related killings and to highlight the injustice of the Northern Ireland Troubles (Legacy and Reconciliation) Bill, which is currently making its way through the British Parliament.

A Dialogue with Dr. Marilyn A. Ray: Nurse Scholar and USAF Veteran.

Dr. Marilyn A. Ray, nurse scholar and retired United States Air Force (USAF) veteran and former flight nurse, began her nursing scholarship in Canada. She was influenced by the experiences and interprofessional scholarly ideas that she encountered along her career trajectory. Her early love of the air and space led her to the United States Air Force Nurse Corps, where she served as a flight nurse during the Vietnam war era, followed by leadership positions in nursing education, administration, practice, and research. Dr. Ray's contributions to nursing knowledge includes two nursing theories and a caring inquiry methodology. Dr. Ray is helping to create a new caring science certificate program at Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing. In this column, Dr. Ray shares the story of her scholarly influences and how they helped her care for her husband and gain insight into her contributions to nursing knowledge development.

Impact of signs and symptoms on the prognosis of patients with HFmrEF

BackgroundWorsening of heart failure (HF) symptoms is the leading cause of medical contact and hospitalization of patients with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). The prognostic value of signs and symptoms for patients with HFmrEF is currently unclear. This study investigated the prognostic impact of signs and symptoms in HFmrEF patients.MethodsA Cox proportional risk regression model analyzed the relationship between the number of signs/symptoms and outcomes in 1691 hospitalized HFmrEF patients. Ten significant signs and symptoms were included. Patients were divided into three groups (A: ≤2, B: 3–5, C: ≥6 signs/symptoms). Stratified analysis on male and female patients was performed. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death and heart failure readmission (CV events) post-discharge.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 33 months, all-cause mortality occurred in 457 patients and CV events occurred in 977 patients. Incidence of all-cause mortality was 20.7%, 32.3%* and 49.4%*† in group A, B and C of male patients, (*P < 0.05 vs. A, †P < 0.05 vs. B) and 18.8%, 33.6% and 55.8%* in group A, B and C of female patients. Incidence of CV events was 64.8%, 70.1%* and 87.5%* in group A, B and C of male patients, 61.9%, 75.3%, and 86.1%* in group A, B and C of female patients. Multivariate Cox regression showed older age, renal insufficiency, higher number of signs and symptoms (≥ 3, hazard ratio [HR] 1.317, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.070–1.621, P = 0.009; ≥6, HR 1.982, 95% CI 1.402–2.801, P < 0.001), myocardial infarction, stroke, faster heart rate on admission, and diabetes were independently associated with all-cause mortality(all P < 0.05). Similarly, higher number of signs and symptoms (≥ 3, HR 1.271, 95% CI 1.119–1.443, P < 0.001; ≥6, HR 1.955, 95% CI 1.524–2.508, P < 0.001), older age, renal insufficiency, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes were independently associated with cardiovascular events (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsHigher number of symptoms and signs is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and CV events in HFmrEF patients. Our results highlight the prognostic importance of careful inquiry on HF symptoms and related physical examination in HFmrEF patients.

Multiorgan failure caused by Chinese herbal medicine Xanthii Fructus poisoning: a case report

BackgroundXanthii Fructus was used in the treatment of rhinitis and related nasal disease. It is the most commonly used chemically active component in compounds formulated for the treatment of rhinitis. However, poisoning, resulting in serious consequences, can easily occur owing to cocklebur overdose, improper processing, or usage without processing.Case presentationWe reported on a 55-year-old man who experienced allergic rhinitis for 2.5 years. He ingested unprocessed Xanthii Fructus for 2 months as treatment. However, he developed anorexia; nausea; abdominal pain; general weakness; hiccups; oliguria and anuria; significantly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine levels; and abnormalities in blood coagulation series. Nutritional support; daily drugs for liver protection, gastric protection, inflammation reduction; fresh plasma; and cryoprecipitate infusion were administered. Continuous venovenous hemodialysis (Prismaflex ST100) was also administered. However, the patient’s multiple organ failure gradually worsened, ultimately leading to death.ConclusionXanthii Fructus poisoning affects multiple systems, and its clinical manifestations are complex. Therefore, it is easily misdiagnosed and missed. Along with careful inquiry of medical and medication history, early diagnosis and intervention are vital for a successful treatment. It is also important to educate people and create awareness about this poisoning. Therefore, this intractable case has great clinical significance.

Grease-gun injury of the orbit: two cases report and literature review

BackgroundThe grease-guns injury is an uncommon injury to the orbit. We present the twelfth and thirteenth cases of grease-gun injury to the orbit to be reported in the English language literature since 1964. Here we discus and review the presentation, investigation, and treatment of this unusual trauma.Case presentationCase 1 was a 29-year-old man who presented 1 day after a grease-gun injury of the left orbit with severe pain, marked periorbital swelling, and proptosis. Computed tomography (CT) revealed penetration of grease into his left orbit. Following surgical removal, proptosis decreased. The limitation of extraocular movement and loss of visual acuity to finger count was discovered after the initial surgery. Motility gradually returned. Visual acuity recovered after phacoemulsification, capsular tension ring and intraocular lens implantation for traumatic cataract and subluxation. Case 2 was a 6-year-old boy who was referred 2 months after a grease-gun injury for worsening swelling with sinus, necrosis and slight ptosis of the upper left eyelids. This is a case of orbital chronic inflammation from grease-gun injuries masquerading as orbital cellulitis. The imaging findings of CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not typical. Surgical exploration and debridement was inevitable and actually relieved the symptoms.ConclusionsGrease-gun injuries can damage the orbit in different degrees. Careful history inquiry and taking is important to establish the diagnosis. Imaging examinations using CT or MRI are helpful to determine depth of trauma and foreign bodies in the orbit at diagnosis. We suggest that surgical exploration and debridement is a key step in the management.

The care experience for people undergoing a liver transplantation. Descriptive phenomenological investigation in a Belgian academic hospital

This study aims to describe and understand the care experience for people having undergone a liver transplantation in a Belgian academic hospital and the elements of an ideal care experience for them. The descriptive phenomenological method of the « Relational Caring Inquiry » was used with twelve participants whose stories were collected through three semi-structured individual interviews. These interviews gave an overall picture of their care experience, summarized as « the feeling of having benefited from the support of both the body and mind in a Humanist-Caring dynamic, but with difficulties linked to organizational and environmental factors in finding a new balance. » The essence of their ideal care experience consists of « benefiting from the support of both the body and mind by competent professionals, in a Humanist-Caring climate and a dynamic of partnership with the patient, in an institution that is welcoming in terms of its organization and environment. » Based on these results, it seems essential to limit organizational constraints to consolidate the Humanist-Caring dynamic, to develop the patient partnership, and to pay special attention to the patient’s relatives, resulting in structured support.