Care Burden Of Family Caregivers Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF HOME-BASED CARE SERVICES ON ADULT CHILDREN AS CAREGIVERS OF OLDER ADULTS IN CHINA

Abstract The family has always been the primary resource for elder care support in China, and adult children are the main caregivers of older parents. In the background of rapid development of home-based care services for older adults, this study aims to explore the impacts of the home-based care services on the adult children as caregivers for their older parents. Based on a national representative sample of aged 60 years or older (N=8674) from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) in 2018 and 2020, this study used propensity score matching difference-in-differences method to analyze the data. Firstly, we found that home-based care services for older adults could reduce the care burden of family caregivers by sharing part of the instrumental support effectively for the elderly. Secondly, this substitution effect is more significant among the families with more dependable and vulnerable older adults. Finally, the use of home-based care services appeared not to affect the intergenerational relationships between older parents and their adult children caregivers. Home-based care services may relieve the burden of family caregivers by providing instrumental care support for older adults. Therefore, it is very necessary to accelerate the implementation of an elder care programs in community to benefit the older and younger generations in Chinese family.

Effect of teaching health-promoting behaviors on the care burden of family caregivers of hemodialysis patients: a four-group clinical trial

IntroductionChronic kidney disease could have a profound effect on the life of patients and family caregivers. The caregivers’ care burden increases as the disease progresses. Interventions reducing care burden should be investigated. Educational interventions could affect family caregivers’ care burden among hemodialysis patients. However, most studies and interventions have focused on caregivers. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effect of teaching Health-promoting behaviors on the care burden of family caregivers of hemodialysis patients.Materials and methodsThis trial was conducted using a pretest-posttest design and follow-up after one month. Hemodialysis patients and their family caregivers were selected using convenience sampling method. In total, 124 patient-caregiver pairs were divided into four groups of patient-centered education, caregiver-centered education, Patient and caregiver education and control by block randomization (15 blocks of 8 members and 1 block of 4 members) (n = 31 pairs per group). The intervention (teaching health-promoting behaviors) was performed in 8 sessions using the teach-back method, except for the control. The data were collected by patient and caregiver demographic forms and Novak and Guest care burden inventory as well as following the treatment regimen in three stages (before, immediately after and one month after the intervention). Demographic variables were compared among the four groups using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square test. The intragroup comparison of the main variables was made using the repeated measures ANOVA with modified LSD post hoc test. The intergroup comparison was made by one-way ANOVA with LSD post hoc test.ResultsOut of 124 caregivers participating in the study, 68 (54.8%) were female. Also, out of 124 patients participating in the study, 86 (69.4%) were male. The mean age of the caregivers and patients was 39.2 ± 11.31 and 54.23 ± 14.20 years old, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean total care burden scores of the pre-test and post-test between the four groups (p < 0.001). The total care burden decreased in patient-centered, caregiver-centered and Patient and caregiver education groups. However, this reduction in the caregiver-centered and Patient and caregiver education groups was significantly higher than the patient-centered education group (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results revealed teaching health-promoting behaviors reduced care burden. Moreover, caregiver-centered approach could reduce care burden more than patient-centered approach. Therefore, this could be used as a supportive method to improve the health of patients and caregivers.Trial registration number (TRN)IRCT20090522001930N4.Date of registration2021-11-12.

An Explanation of the Concept of the Care Burden of Family Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder from the Perspective of Family Caregivers

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech, and nonverbal communication, has greatly affected family caregivers, leading to subjective and objective care burdens on them. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explain the care burden of family caregivers of children with ASD from the perspective of family caregivers. Methods: In this qualitative study, 14 family caregivers were purposefully selected. The data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The coding of the data was performed using MAXQDA 10 software, and then the data were analyzed by the content analysis method. Results: After the data coding, 266 codes were obtained, which were then classified into three main categories, including context and background, health factors (physical and mental health), and social support (formal and informal support). Conclusions: The results of the study showed that family caregivers bear the caregiving and mental burden of taking care of their autistic children. Besides adding to our body of knowledge and understanding of the problems encountered by caregivers, this study showed that the caregiving burden can be reduced by providing social support for the caregivers of autistic children.

Caregiver Burden and Quality of Life among Caregivers of Cancer Patients in Ahvaz, 2021 - 2022: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Reducing the care burden of family caregivers and improving their quality of life is one of the important goals of palliative care. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the caregiver burden (CB) and its relationship with the quality of life (QOL) of family caregivers of cancer patients admitted to Baqai 2 Hospital in Ahvaz City from 2021 to 2022. Methods: Using a convenience-sampling method, this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 178 family caregivers of cancer patients. The data collection instrument included a three-part questionnaire. The first part included demographic information of family caregivers of cancer patients, the second part included the caregiver burden scale (CBS) to investigate the CB of the caregivers, and the third part included the caregiver quality of life index-cancer (CQOLC) scale to investigate QOL in caregivers. This questionnaire was standardized and had acceptable validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and analytical statistics tests using SPSS V22 software. Results: The mean and SD of participants' CB and QOL were 15.79 ± 50.23 and 80.84 ± 23.29, respectively. The majority of caregivers (47.8%) had moderate CB, and the QOL of caregivers decreased significantly with an increasing CB (P &lt; 0.001). The results showed that caregivers' QOL was influenced by factors such as CB, place of residence (rural area), duration, and type of disease (P &lt; 0.001). Also, CB was influenced by factors such as marital and employment status, level of education, and the family relationship with patients (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that the QOL of family caregivers of cancer patients decreased with increasing CB. Therefore, authorities and oncology nurses should design necessary plans to develop interventions to reduce CB and improve the QOL of family caregivers of cancer patients.

The effect of a nurse-led home visit program on the care burden of caregivers of adults with asthma: A randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to determine the effect of a home visit program on the perceived care burden of family caregivers of adults with asthma. A single-blind randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted with 30 participants in both the intervention and control groups. Care burden was measured via the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale during the first interview at the pulmonology outpatient clinic and after the last home visit. A nurse-led home visit program with five visits over three months included education and health counseling with the intervention group. Control group received standard education given in the outpatient clinic. The mean Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale scores of the intervention group in the post-test were significantly lower than the control group. The current study revealed that the nurse-led home visit program, including education and health counseling, was effective in reducing the care burden for family caregivers of adults with asthma. Nurses can play an active role in preventing the negative effects of caregivers' burden of care, protecting their sense of control, and improving their health. Home visits integrated into the health care system could be effective in reducing the care burden of family members.

Effect of Coping Skills Training on the Care Burden of Family Caregivers of Patients With Hemodialysis During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Effect of Coping Skills Training on the Care Burden of Family Caregivers of Patients With Hemodialysis During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Care Burden of Family Caregivers of Elderly Relatives with Breast Cancer in the Asian Culture: Integrative Review

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and a major cause of death in elderly women. In Asia, the roles and responsibilities of family caregivers of elderly relatives with breast cancer vary across cultural and social contexts, but the care burden and its impacts on caregivers’ quality of life have been reported globally. Therefore, this review aims to summarize existing evidence of the care burden and experiences of family caregivers caring for elderly relatives with breast cancer in Asian cultures. This integrative review used databases, including MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Scopus, to conduct a comprehensive search of all studies published in English between 1994 and 2016 in relation to the topic at hand, yielding 322 articles, eight of which met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Three domains of the care burden, including physical, psychological, and financial, were identified and reported as varying in degree across cultures. Caring for elderly patients with breast cancer in Asian cultures was found to be performed on passionate grounds involving love, sympathy, relationships, and attachments. The positive and negative experiences among family caregivers were found to be associated with cultural factors, including beliefs, social norms, traditional practices, and religion. A stronger family bond and sense of togetherness within the family were expressed as positive, whereas caring for the elderly was described as burdensome, or negative. While the caregiver role is perceived as integral to the Asian family caregiver’s life, they nonetheless experience physical, psychological, and financial burdens related to the care. Thus, the deep insight into the burden of family caregivers offered herein warrants the provision of appropriate support from health professionals to family caregivers.&#x0D; &#x0D; Abstrak&#x0D; Beban Pengasuhan Pelaku Rawat di Keluarga dalam Merawat Lansia dengan Kanker Payudara di Asia: Tinjauan Integratif. Kanker payudara adalah jenis kanker yang paling umum dan merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada perempuan lansia. Dalam konteks sosial dan budaya di Asia, peran dan tanggung jawab yang dimiliki oleh family caregiver dalam mendampingi pasien lansia dengan kanker payudara bervariasi. Meskipun demikian, beban pengasuhan dan dampaknya terhadap kualitas hidup caregiver dilaporkan dialami di seluruh dunia. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan bukti tentang beban pengasuhan dan pengalaman family caregiver di Asia dalam merawat kerabat lansia yang menderita kanker payudara. Tinjauan integratif ini menggunakan kumpulan data dari MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), dan Scopus, untuk melakukan pencarian komprehensif dari semua studi terkait topik beban family caregiver yang diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggris antara tahun 1994 dan 2016. Pencarian komprehensif ini menemukan 322 artikel yang delapan di antaranya memenuhi kriteria kelayakan untuk ditinjau secara integratif. Identifikasi terhadap tiga domain dari beban pengasuhan; fisik, psikologis, dan keuangan, menemukan bahwa tingkat beban tersebut bervariasi antara satu budaya dan yang lainnya. Ditemukan bahwa merawat pasien lansia dengan kanker payudara dalam budaya Asia dilakukan atas dasar dorongan jiwa yang melibatkan cinta, simpati, hubungan, dan keterikatan. Pengalaman positif dan negatif yang dialami oleh family caregiver diasosiasikan dengan faktor budaya, termasuk kepercayaan, norma sosial, praktik tradisional, dan agama. Ikatan keluarga yang lebih kuat dan rasa kebersamaan dalam keluarga diekspresikan sebagai pengalaman positif, sedangkan merawat lansia digambarkan sebagai beban yang bersifat negatif. Meskipun peran sebagai pengasuh dianggap sebagai bagian yang penting dari kehidupan family caregiver di Asia, mereka tetap mengalami beban fisik, psikologis, dan keuangan. Studi ini bertujuan memberikan pengetahuan yang mendalam tentang beban family caregiver agar dapat digunakan dalam menjamin penyediaan dukungan yang tepat dari tenaga kesehatan profesional kepada family caregiver.&#x0D; Kata Kunci: beban pengasuhan; budaya Asia; family caregiver; kanker payudara; pasien lansia

The Effect of the Web-Based Psychosocial Health Promotion Program on the Burden of Care in Family Caregivers of Patients with Chronic Mental Disorders.

Family members of Chronic Mental Disorders (CMD), who are responsible for patient care, face many physical, psychological, and social problems which make them face the burden of care. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a psychosocial health promotion program on the care burden of family caregivers of patients with CMD. This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in two intervention and control groups in the form of pretest and posttest. This study was performed on 67 family caregivers of patients with CMD in Farabi and Noor centers in Isfahan, Iran. Participants in this study were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Data from the intervention and control groups were collected in two stages, before and after the intervention by demographic information form and Zarit burden questionnaire. The intervention group received a web-based psychosocial health promotion program in eight sessions in 4 weeks. At the end of the intervention, the Zarit questionnaire was completed by the intervention and control groups. The mean score of care burden between the intervention and control groups was not statistically significantly different before the implementation of the program (p = 0.534). But after the intervention, the mean score of care burden was significantly different between the two groups (t65 = 3.43, p = 0.001). This study provides evidence for the benefits of web-based psychosocial health promotion program in reducing the perceived care burden of the caregiver of CMD.

Influencing Factors on Care Burden in the Family Caregivers for Elders with Dementia: Focusing on Family Caregivers using a Regional Health Centers for Dementia

Purpose: This study was done to identify factors affecting care burden in the family caregivers of elders with dementia. Methods: The participants were 78 family caregivers who were taking care of the elders registered at three regional health centers for dementia located in K-province. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from January 2017 to October 2018 and analyzed with independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression in PASW 20.0. Results: The care burden of family caregivers was 51.0±17.9 (converted to 35.2/100), which was below moderate level, and the family caregivers’ emotional attitude toward dementia was significantly negatively correlated with care burden (r=-.55, p=.001). The influencing factors on care burden in the family caregivers for elders with dementia are the emotional attitude toward dementia (β=-.53, p=.009) appeared to be significant explanatory variable, and this model’s explanatory power was 31% (F=1.56 p=.017). In other words, the higher the emotional attitude score, the lower the care burden in the family caregivers of elders with dementia. Conclusion: We recommended that the dementia’s intervention program for family caregivers should include contents that can improve the emotional attitude toward dementia.

Research Progress on Care Burden of Family Caregivers of Stroke Patients

Research Progress on Care Burden of Family Caregivers of Stroke Patients

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Social Robot by Family Caregivers Nursing for the Older Adult with Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of social robots. When social robots are used by older adults with cognitive impairment, whether the care burden of family caregivers with cognitive impairment decreased, and if there is a change in personal and role strain.Methods: This study conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine the reduction in care burden (role strain, personal strain) of 27 family caregivers under the age of 60 after having older people with cognitive impairment use social robots at home for 6 weeks. For analysis, the Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were performed using SPSS version 26.Results: The pre-post survey result presented that care burden was not statistically significant but decreased in the experimental group (Z=-0.699, p=.485). Role strain, one of the sub-questions of care burden, presented a statistically significant reduction effect in the experimental group (Z=-2.031, p=.042). However, there was no statistically significant change in personal strain in both groups.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the necessity of providing information reflecting the needs of family caregivers using social robots. In addition, the results present a way to respond to emergencies utilizing social robots’ monitoring functions and reduce family caregivers’ care burdens by offering services such as counseling and self-help groups. Furthermore, related organizations must educate formal and informal care workers on social robots.

The Effect of Family-Centered Education on the Care Burden of Family Caregivers of the Elderly with Cancer: A Quasi-experimental Study.

Introduction:Given the role of the family in decisions related to the patient’s health, their role in educating the patient should be considered in the health care program. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of family-centered education on the care burden of family caregivers of the elderly with cancer. Methods:In this quasi-experimental study, 30 elderly caregivers with cancer were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 intervention and 15 control from 1 March 2020 to 1 July 2021. Data collection tools were demographic characteristics questionnaire and care burden questionnaire. The intervention was performed as individual training to caregivers in two one-hour sessions. 6 weeks after the intervention, care burden was measured in both groups. Data were collected and analyzed using PSSS software version 23. Results:According to the independent t-test, before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean score of care burden in the intervention and control groups, but after the intervention, the mean score of care burden in the intervention group decreased from 56.93 ±11.08 to 42.93 ± 9.78 and in the control group It changed from 54.27 ± 11.38 to 56.80 ± 11.43 and there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of the two groups (P <0.001). Conclusion:Based on the findings of the present study, family-centered education intervention can be effective in reducing the care burden of caregivers of the elderly with cancer in a sample of Iranian society. Therefore, it is predicted that providing such educational services in the health care delivery system is absolutely necessary and effective, and the use of this type of training in nursing activities is recommended.

Effect of a tailored multidimensional intervention on the care burden among family caregivers of stroke survivors: a randomised controlled trial

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of a tailored multidimensional intervention in reducing the care burden of family caregivers of stroke survivors. This intervention considered caregivers’ perceived needs and incorporated three evidence-based...

The effect of training on the care burden of family caregivers of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

The effect of training on the care burden of family caregivers of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

Effect of Family-Centered Empowerment Model on the Care Burden of the Caregivers of Older Adults with Heart Failure

Background: Developing a chronic disease, like heart failure in older adults disrupts the foundations of the family and imposes a heavy burden on family members. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the Family-Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM) on the care burden of family caregivers of older adults with heart failure. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with a controlled before and after design, which was conducted on 80 primary caregivers of older adults with heart failure referring to health centers affiliated with Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. The subjects were non-randomly assigned to either the control (n=40) or intervention (n=40) groups. The program was implemented based on the concepts of the model (perceived threat, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and evaluation) in eight 2-hour sessions, twice a week for four consecutive weeks. Both groups answered the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) in the beginning, in the end, and one month after the study. The data were analyzed by Chi-square, t-test, and the repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS v. 16 software. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the pretest mean score of care burden (P&gt;0.05). However, the groups’ mean score of care burden was significantly different immediately after the intervention (P&lt;0.05) and one month after the study (P&lt;0.05). The repeated measures ANOVA illustrated a significant difference between the mean scores of care burden in the three measurement time points (P&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: Implementation of the FCEM model reduces the burden of care in caregivers of older adults with heart failure. It is suggested that this model be used in training programs for older adults with heart failure and their caregivers.

The effect of a multimodal comprehensive care methodology for family caregivers of people with dementia

BackgroundCaregivers experience social, physical and psychological burdens in caring for people with dementia. A study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a multimodal comprehensive care methodology training programme for the family caregivers of people with dementia.MethodsThis research was an intervention trial with a quasi-experimental design. A total of 148 family caregivers of people with dementia participated in a multimodal comprehensive care methodology training programme for 6 hours (three times for 2 hours) in 3 months, which was followed by weekly delivery of information via postcard. The care burden of the caregivers was evaluated by the Japanese short version of the Zarit Burden Interview (J-ZBI) before the training, 1 month post-training and 3 months post-training (primary outcome). Each caregiver assessed the symptoms of the people with dementia for whom they provided care with the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease (Behave-AD) (secondary outcome).ResultsA total of 117 family caregivers (79%) were assessed 3 months after training. Over the course of the programme, the care burden significantly decreased from pre-training to 3 months post-training (P < 0.001). The mean care burden scores before, 1 month after, and 3 months after the intervention were 13.3, 10.9 and 10.6, respectively. The mean Behave-AD score of 101 people with dementia (68%) 3 months post-training was lower than that at pre-training, but the difference was not statistically significant (from 13.6 to 11.8, P = 0.005).ConclusionsThe multimodal comprehensive care methodology training was associated with a reduction in the care burden of family caregivers. These findings suggest that randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed.Trial registrationUMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), UMIN000043245.Registered 4 February 2021 – Retrospectively registered

Evaluation of Family Caregiver Burden among COVID-19 Patients

Background:Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses from the Coronaviridae family. Not only do the coronaviruses disrupt patients' lives, but they also affect caregivers. This study aimed to assess the burden of family caregivers of COVID-19 patients discharged from a hospital in eastern Iran.Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 210 family caregivers of COVID-19 inpatients and outpatients. A total of 210 COVID-19 patients referred to 22nd-Bahman Hospital of Khaf from March 2020 to June 2020 were selected via simple randomization. Data were collected using the Zarit caregiver burden scale and a demographics form.Results:The care burden scores were 83.2% and 80.9% in the family caregivers of inpatients and outpatients, respectively, indicating the severity of care burden for COVID-19 patients. The mean scores of objective, subjective, and subjective-objective caregiver burden were significantly higher in male family caregivers and caregivers of inpatients than in female caregivers and caregivers of outpatients [p &lt;0.01].Conclusion:The high objective, subjective, and subjective-objective caregiver burden in family caregivers is an alarm for mental health policy-makers. Therefore, healthcare managers need to consider plans and measures to reduce the care burden of family caregivers of COVID-19 patients.

The Effects of Care Burden of Family Caregivers of Terminal Cancer Patients on Their Anxiety and Depression: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Bonding Social Capital and Bridging Social Capital

The Effects of Care Burden of Family Caregivers of Terminal Cancer Patients on Their Anxiety and Depression: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Bonding Social Capital and Bridging Social Capital

Influencing Factors on Care Burden among Family Caregivers for Elders with Dementia: Focusing on Family Caregivers using a Support Center for Dementia

Purpose: This study aimed to explore influencing factors on care burden among family caregivers for elders with dementia living at home. Methods: Participants in this study were 211 family caregivers who were taking care of elders registered at a support center for dementia located in S-gu, Seoul. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression in SPSS WIN 23.0. Results: The care burden of family caregivers was mild to moderate ($40.31{pm}21.50$) in this study. The factors influencing care burden among family caregivers for elders with dementia were the age, behavioral problems, and dependency in instrumental activities of daily living of demented elderly, in addition to the perceived health status and resting hours of family caregivers. Overall, these factors explained 46.5% of the total variability in care burden in this sample (F=13.01, p&lt;.001). Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that the characteristics of demented elderly and family caregivers can influence care burden differently. Individually tailored strategies based on the various caregiving contexts need to be developed to reduce the level of care burden among family caregivers for elders with dementia.

The Effect of a Family-Based Training Program on the Care Burden of Family Caregivers of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.

Background:The family caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis are faced with multiple physical, psychological, social, economic, and spiritual problems that increase their care burden. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of a family-based training program on the care burden of family caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis.Materials and Methods:The present controlled, randomized, clinical trial was conducted on 70 caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis in Ali Asghar and Zahray-e Marzieh hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, in 2017. After conducting convenient sampling, 70 participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups (35 in each group). The experimental group received the family-based training program and the control group received usual care plan. Data were collected using the Zarit Burden Scale before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention and were then analyzed by independent t-test, Chi-square, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) repeated measure.Results:The results showed that both groups were homogeneous in terms of their demographic data and showed no significant differences. The main effect of group was significant, indicating a significant decrease in care burden in the experimental group after the intervention (F1,67 = 1089, p < 0.001). However, the interaction of time and group was not significant, indicating insignificant difference in burden 1 month after intervention (p > 0.05).Conclusions:Since the family-based training program successfully reduced the burden of care immediately after intervention, similar family-based training programs are recommended to be designed and developed. However, insignificant time effect suggests further researches of long time effects of such program.