Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Research Articles

Integrated Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation and Its Impact on Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Profile After Cardiac Surgery.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common causes of morbidity and mortality. However, the impact of changes in lifestyle and rehabilitation programs on the progression of cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic (CRM) conditions, remains unclear. In a retrospective manner, we analyzed charts of 200 patients admitted for cardiorespiratory rehabilitation at our facility in 2023. A 6 min walk test, echocardiographic features, and laboratory values were investigated to evaluate the impact of cardiorespiratory rehabilitation in patients post cardiac surgery. This study examined the impact of combined lifestyle and exercise scores (diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, aerobic physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep duration, and social connection) on cardio-renal-metabolic profiles and on a quality-of-life score measured by the Borg Scale. During the rehabilitation program, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) significantly increased (51.2 vs. 54.3%, SEM 0.51 p = 0.001). The six-minute walk test (6 MWT) significantly improved in terms of meters (133 vs. 373 m, SEM 6.41, p < 0.001) and Borg scale (6.6 vs. 2.5, SEM 0.06, p < 0.001). Glycemia levels reduced significantly (114.5± vs. 107.4± mg/dL, SEM 2.45, p = 0.001). While total cholesterol levels (119.4 vs. 129.6 mg/dL, SEM 2.4, p < 0.001) as well as HDL levels (29.9 vs. 40 mg/dL, SEM 0.62, p < 0.001) significantly increased, triglyceride levels significantly decreased (128.5 vs. 122.1 mg/dL, SEM 3.8, p = 0.048). There was no change in LDL levels. Creatinine levels remained stable throughout the period of rehabilitation. Cardiorespiratory rehabilitation has a significant impact on myocardial function, quality of life in terms of exercise capacity and symptoms (6 MWT) as well as laboratory levels relevant for cardiovascular prevention such as glycemia and lipid profile.

2024 SIAC guidelines on cardiorespiratory rehabilitation in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease

The 2024 Interamerican Society of Cardiology (SIAC) guidelines on cardiorespiratory rehabilitation (CRR) in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease aim to gather and evaluate all relevant evidence available on the topic to unify criteria and promote the implementation of CRR programs in this population in Latin America and other parts of the world. Currently, there is no unified CRR model for the pediatric population. Consequently, our goal was to create these CRR guidelines adapted to the characteristics of congenital heart disease and the physiology of this population, as well as to the realities of Latin America. These guidelines are designed to serve as a support for health care workers involved in the care of this patient group who wish to implement a CRR program in their workplace. The guidelines include an easily reproducible program model that can be implemented in any center. The members of this Task Force were selected by the SIAC on behalf of health care workers dedicated to the care of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. To draft the document, the selected experts performed a thorough review of the published evidence.

Guía SIAC 2024 sobre rehabilitación cardiorrespiratoria en pacientes pediátricos con cardiopatías congénitas

The 2024 Interamerican Society of Cardiology (SIAC) guidelines on cardiorespiratory rehabilitation (CRR) in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease aim to gather and evaluate all relevant evidence available on the topic to unify criteria and promote the implementation of CRR programs in this population in Latin America and other parts of the world. Currently, there is no unified CRR model for the pediatric population. Consequently, our goal was to create these CRR guidelines adapted to the characteristics of congenital heart disease and the physiology of this population, as well as to the realities of Latin America. These guidelines are designed to serve as a support for health care workers involved in the care of this patient group who wish to implement a CRR program in their workplace. The guidelines include an easily reproducible program model that can be implemented in any center. The members of this Task Force were selected by the SIAC on behalf of health care workers dedicated to the care of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. To draft the document, the selected experts performed a thorough review of the published evidence.

Innovative Therapies: Diverse Applications of Dance into Physiotherapy

While traditional physiotherapy focuses on functional restoration, this paper delves into the multiple applications of dance in physiotherapy, including its role in motor rehabilitation, neurological rehabilitation, pain management, cardiorespiratory rehabilitation, and emotional and mental health. This line of thinking emphasises not only the biomechanical structure of the body, but also the psychological, emotional and social dimensions. In addition, we present innovative physiotherapy approaches that combine dance and rehabilitation to provide patients with more comprehensive treatment options. Future research and practice will require a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of dance and physiotherapy and more extensive randomised controlled clinical trials to validate their effectiveness. It is also important to understand patients' perceptions of dance therapy to better meet their needs. Taken together, this paper highlights the potential of dance in the field of rehabilitation to provide promising therapeutic avenues for improving patients' quality of life.

Home-based arm cycling exercise improves trunk control in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury: an observational study

Arm cycling is used for cardiorespiratory rehabilitation but its therapeutic effects on the neural control of the trunk after spinal cord injury (SCI) remain unclear. We investigated the effects of single session of arm cycling on corticospinal excitability, and the feasibility of home-based arm cycling exercise training on volitional control of the erector spinae (ES) in individuals with incomplete SCI. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we assessed motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the ES before and after 30 min of arm cycling in 15 individuals with SCI and 15 able-bodied controls (Experiment 1). Both groups showed increased ES MEP size after the arm cycling. The participants with SCI subsequently underwent a 6-week home-based arm cycling exercise training (Experiment 2). MEP amplitudes and activity of the ES, and movements of the trunk during reaching, self-initiated rapid shoulder flexion, and predicted external perturbation tasks were measured. After the training, individuals with SCI reached further and improved trajectory of the trunk during the rapid shoulder flexion task, accompanied by increased ES activity and MEP amplitudes. Exercise adherence was excellent. We demonstrate preserved corticospinal drive after a single arm cycling session and the effects of home-based arm cycling exercise training on trunk function in individuals with SCI.

Influence of complex cardio-respiratory recovery therapy on the efficiency of rehabilitation and quality of life on hypertensive patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of dust etiology

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of two rehabilitation regimens on the effectiveness and quality of life in hypertensive patients with dusty chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study included 73 hypertensive patients (all men) with dust COPD. Patients of group 1 (n = 38) received only the basic cardio-respiratory complex of rehabilitation measures, and the representatives of group 2 (n = 35) received sessions of interval normobaric hypoxic therapy (INBHT) in addition to the basic complex. The control group included 40 practically healthy men of the same age. The basic program included a set of methods: electrosleep, magnetotherapy, sinus module currents, diadynamic currents, franklinization, darsonvalization, laser therapy, electrophoresis, kinesitherapy, massage, reflexotherapy. For INBHT, daily 15-day sessions were used in the Bio-Nova 204AF installation (manufactured by the Scientific and Technical Association Bio-Nova, Moscow, Russia). Statistical data processing was carried out using the software package for statistical analysis Statistica 6.0. The result of a comprehensive cardio-respiratory rehabilitation program was an increase in the effectiveness of restorative measures and an improvement in quality of life indicators, which was achieved through the synergistic effect of traditional approaches with INBHT sessions. Such a comprehensive program had a more pronounced beneficial effect on both the course of hypertensive and respiratory syndromes. The proposed rehabilitation approach can further improve the effectiveness of restorative measures (by 13.1 % increase the frequency of positive results), increase the frequency of reaching the target level of blood pressure by 9.7 %, reduce the frequency of complicated and 7.9 % uncomplicated hypertensive cases by 4.1 %. Crises, improve bronchial patency and diffusion capacity of the lungs, partially restore the complex of psychological, social and pain parameters of the quality of life.

Transcranial photobiomodulation therapy associated with cardiorespiratory rehabilitation in spastic subjects.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cardiorespiratory rehabilitation (CR) and transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) on exercise tolerance (ET), heart rate variability (HRV), and peripheral muscle activity in individuals with spasticity. Fifteen participants with spasticity were randomly assigned to two groups: the tPBM group (tPBMG) consisted of eight volunteers who underwent tPBM (on mode) and CR, while the control group (CG) consisted of seven volunteers who underwent simulated tPBM (off mode) and CR. The CR program included 12weeks of treatment, twice a week for one hour, involving aerobic exercises and lower limb strengthening. For tPBM, a cluster with three lasers (λ = 680nm, 808nm), with a power of 100 mW/laser and energy of 36J, applied to the F7, F8, and Fpz points. The following parameters were evaluated after 8 and 12weeks: ET, HRV, and surface electromyography (EMG) of the rectus femoris muscle during orthostasis (ORT), isometric squatting (ISOM), and isotonic squatting (ISOT). Both groups showed a 40% increase in ET for the CG and a 30% increase for the tPBMG. The CG had more pronounced parasympathetic modulation alterations during post-exercise effort and recovery compared to the tPBMG. The EMG results showed that the tPBMG exhibited progressive improvement in muscle activity during ISOM and ISOT, as well as a decrease in the interlimb difference. In conclusion, both CR and tPBMG demonstrated improvements in ET. However, tPBMG specifically showed promising effects on HRV modulation and peripheral muscle electrical activity, providing additional benefits compared to CR alone.

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Home Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Exercise on the Cardiac Performance of 40-60-Year-Old Patients with Heart Failure

Background: Rehabilitation can help improve the condition and quality of life of patients with heart failure. Some patients do not have the opportunity to use the rehabilitation services of clinics specifically designed to help them. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of eight weeks of home cardiorespiratory rehabilitation exercise on the cardiac performance of 40-60-year-old patients with heart failure. Methods: Forty-three subjects with heart failure were divided into three groups in a semi-empirical design: Rehabilitation (n = 13), rehabilitation exercise with respiratory exercise (n = 15), and control (n = 15). Resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest, ejection fraction, ventilatory threshold, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) were measured before and after the test. Results: The results indicated no significant effect of cardiorespiratory rehabilitation exercise on the patients' resting heart rate, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and ventilatory threshold (P &gt; 0.05). However, the respiratory exercise significantly increased the injection fraction and VO2 max. Conclusions: Exercises that can reinforce respiratory muscles can further help patients with heart failure, at least in some cases. More intense and controlled exercises than home exercises may be required to improve cardiovascular performance.

Heart Failure Patients: How Effective Can a Rehabilitation Program be in Relation to Physical and Mental Fatigue, General Health and Anxiety?

Exercise is an important factor of rehabilitation in heart failure patients, improving several indicators of disease prognosis and functional capacity. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a cardiorespiratory rehabilitation program on the physical and mental fatigue, general health and anxiety in patients suffering from heart failure. Thirty-one patients with heart failure [(M±SD) age: 67.59±7.60 years] participated in a cardiorespiratory rehabilitation program. The program included aerobic exercise on cycle ergometers and muscle strengthening for 3 months (12 weeks), 3 times/week. Before and after the program, patients' fatigue, general and mental health were assessed using the following self-reported questionnaires: a) Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), b) Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and c) Spielberger's Anxiety Questionnaire. Data analysis showed a statistically significant tendency of reduction in social dysfunction (from 1.99±0.42 to 1.75±0.45, p=0.05), while anxiety (from 27.10±7.61 to 26.40±4.35) showed no change (p&gt;0.05).Also, evaluating the changes in the health level after attending the program, there was a trend of improvement in physical activity and functioning with the appearance of fewer physical symptoms (from 1.38±0.43 to 1.24±0.31, p=0,13). These results show that exercise can contribute to increasing the general well-being of these patients and reducing feelings of helplessness, making them able to cope with their daily activities and tasks.

HOW DID REHABILITATION PROGRAMME AFFECT CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS IN MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY? A CASE REPORT

Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with various symptoms that propose impaired muscle performance and loss of balance. A male 65 year old complaining of fatigue easily and dizziness when doing activities. He had walking difculty and limb weakness. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) showed impaired cardiorespiratory tness with shortened walking distance and reduced maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max: 5,39, METs: 1,54). Moreover, there was decreasing thorax expansion (2-1.5-2.5), and balance instability measured by lower Time Up and Go test (17) and Berg Balance test (49). Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation programs focus on physical therapy (passive and active strengthening exercise, treadmill aerobic cardiorespiratory exercise) and home program exercises. Three months after therapy, there were signicant improvement in cardiorespiratory tness characterized by improving VO2max (VO2max 9.07, Mets 2.59), increased thoracic expansion (2-4-4) and improving balance stability (TUG 11 s) although overall BBS score was reduced (45).

REVIEW OF TELEREHABILITATION OF PHYSICAL THERAPY

Objective: The purpose of the research was to bring together all of the information on telerehabilitation in physical therapy then had gathered through systematic reviews.Methods: Systematic reviews of various illnesses, groups, and situations were included, with the intervention being telerehabilitation by physical therapy. the outcomes were clinical efficacy, functioning, quality of life, happiness, adherence, and safety depending on the conditiona reviewextracted the data and assessed the possibility of biaswith a second reviewer performing non-independent verification. In the tables and figures, the findings are presented qualitatively.Results: There were 53 systematic reviews in total, with 17 of them having a There is a low chance of prejudice. There were fifteen reviews devoted to cardiorespiratory rehabilitation, fourteen to musculoskeletal issues, and thirteen to neurorehabilitation. Other types of conditions and therapy were addressed in the other 11 assessments Thirteen reviews have a low chance of being biassed and found that telerehabilitation was superior to in-person rehabilitation or no therapy, whereas 17 11 found no differences between the groups. Thirty-five reviews with a high or uncertain risk of bias yielded conflicting results. Telerehabilitation is defined as "the delivery of rehabilitation services using information and communication technology." It includes assessment, prevention, therapy, education, and counseling Instead of drugs or surgery, physical therapies such as massage, heat treatment, and exercise are used to treat illness, injury, or deformity.

Impact of cardiorespiratory rehabilitation program on submaximal exercise capacity of Tunisian male patients with post-COVID19: A pilot study.

Post-COVID19 patients suffer from persistent respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal health complaints such as dyspnea, chest pain/discomfort, and fatigue. In Tunisia, the potential benefits of a cardiorespiratory rehabilitation program (CRRP) after COVID19 remain unclear. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a CRRP on submaximal exercise capacity, evaluated through the 6-min walk test (6MWT) data in post-COVID19 Tunisian patients. This was a cross-sectional study including 14 moderate to severe COVID19 patients aged from 50 to 70 years. CRRP was performed after the end of patients’ hospitalization in COVID19 units for extensive or severe extents of COVID19. Dyspnea (modified medical research council), spirometry data, handgrip strength values, 6MWT data, and 6-min walk work (i.e., 6-min walk distance x weight) were evaluated 1-week pre-CRRP, and 1-week post-CRRP. CRRP included 12 sessions [3 sessions (70 min each)/week for 4 weeks]. Exercise-training included aerobic cycle endurance, strength training, and educational sessions. Comparing pre- and post- CRRP results showed significant improvements in the means±standard deviations of dyspnea by 1.79 ± 0.80 points (p < 0.001), forced expiratory volume in one second by 110 ± 180 ml (p = 0.04), 6-min walk distance by 35 ± 42 m (p = 0.01), 6-min walk work by 2,448 ± 3,925 mkg (p = 0.048), resting heart-rate by 7 ± 9 bpm (p = 0.02) and resting diastolic blood pressure by 6 ± 10 mmHg (p = 0.045). In Tunisia, CRRP seems to improve the submaximal exercise capacity of post-COVID19 patients, mainly the 6-min walk distance and work.

Comments about the “Systematic Review: Physical Rehabilitation Therapy for Long COVID-19 Patient with Respiratory Sequelae”

I read with great interest the systematic review of Prabawa et al. “Physical Rehabilitation Therapy for Long COVID-19 Patient with Respiratory Sequelae: A Systematic Review”. The rational of this systematic review is very interesting, since it discusses the rehabilitation therapy for long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome with respiratory sequelae. In COVID-19, physical rehabilitation is a new management axis, and studies related to its impacts on COVID-19 patients’ data are scarce. In their paper, Prabawa et al. have included one Tunisian study (Benzarti W, et al. General practitioners should provide the cardiorespiratory rehabilitation’ ‘minimum advice’ for long COVID-19 patients. Lib J Med. 2022;17(1):2009101) published by the authors of this correspondence. However, three remarks related to the following points were noted: i) Citation of a wrong country of Benzarti et al., ii) Publishing a figure belonging to Benzarti et al. without obtaining the authors’ permission, and iii) Omission to develop a chapter for nutrition rehabilitation. The present Letter to Editor is an appeal for a more rigor when reporting data from previous publications (eg; avoid mistakes related to the country of the first author), and is a remain that permission is needed if some authors want to use a figure created by somebody else.

Physical Rehabilitation Therapy for Long COVID-19 Patient with Respiratory Sequelae: A Systematic Review

Background. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection has been a global pandemic since late 2019. Clinical manifestation ranges from mild to severe. Even though most COVID-19 patients recover fully from the disease, approximately 5–10% experience prolonged symptoms for several months following the acute COVID-19 phase, defined as long COVID-19 syndrome. Rehabilitation therapy is needed for them to overcome their symptoms and improve their functional capacity. This systematic review aims to discuss rehabilitation therapy for a patient with long COVID-19 syndrome. &#x0D; Method. A systematic review using PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were study about rehabilitation therapy for long COVID-19 patients. Exclusion criteria were letters to the editor, editorial or commentary reports, and studies not available in full-text and not in English or Bahasa. &#x0D; Result. Nine studies are included in this systematic review consisting of two consensus statements or recommendations, one cohort retrospective study, two case studies or case reports, one review and three experimental studies. The recommended rehabilitation program pathway using a three-tier model depends on the severity of the disease. Several rehabilitation exercises for long COVID patients include cardiorespiratory rehabilitation, breathing exercise, therapeutic exercise, and even traditional Chinese fitness models such as Liuzijue exercise. &#x0D; Conclusion. Rehabilitation therapy exercise helps to improve the patient's breathing effort, improving dyspnea and muscle strength. &#x0D; Keywords: long COVID-19 syndrome, physical rehabilitation, post-COVID-19 infection, rehabilitation therapy

P367 EFFECTS OF BIOARGININA® C SUPPLEMENTATION IN SECONDARY PREVENTION OF POST–COVID 19 HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK PATIENTS

Abstract Background Post COVID–19 syndrome is characterized by chronic fatigue, shortness of breath, dry cough, headache, cognitive difficulties. The complexity of the clinical feature can be explained by a pre–existing endothelial dysfunction (particularly in the patient with high cardiovascular risk) exacerbated and/or linked to viral infection. In the cardiorespiratory rehabilitation program (RCR), the introduction of nutritional supports, vitamins and aminoacids, can be considered a useful approach to post–Covid syndrome. There are observations of positive results with the use of association of oral L–arginine + liposomal vitamin C (Bioarginina®C, 1.66g 2 bottles / day). Aim of the Study to evaluate the effects of the use of combination of oral L–arginine + liposomal vitamin C (Bioarginina®C, 1.66g 2 bottles/day) on the functional capacity measured with the six minute walking test (6MWT) of subjects during RCR post COVID 19. Methods 50 patients with high cardiovascular risk (38 M and 12 F), with mean age 58 ± 7 years, (Group A) undergoing integration with two bottles of L arginine and liposomal vitamin C were examined above for 90 days during the RCR cycle. These had been positive to molecular COVID–19 nasopharyngeal swab test for a period ranging from 15 to 30 days. As a control population, the results obtained with standard treatment in 30 patients with high cardiovascular risk (17 M and 13 F) (mean age 61 ± 8 years) (Group B) after RCR post COVID 19 infection, were examined. The ability to perform normal daily activities was analyzed with the six minute walk test (6MWT) which measures the distance that a subject can run on a flat surface, walking as fast as possible in six minutes, including any interruptions that patient deems necessary. The statistical analysis was performed with the Student‘s T test for paired data. A value of p &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered statistical significant. Results At 3 months, improvement in 6MWT values was observed in both groups in Group A: 289 ± 96 m vs 419 ± 105 m (p &amp;lt; 0.0001) – Group B: 280 ± 88 m vs 332 ± 98 m (p &amp;lt; 0.021). However in Group A, these was more significant. Conclusions Our data confirm the improvement in the physical performance of post COVID 19 patients with introduction of nutritional supports with L–arginine and liposomal vitamin C.

The most efficient types of training in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs: A narrative review

"Objective. This narrative review sought to identify the most frequently used types of exercises in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs and to verify the level of efficiency and feasibility of this treatment method in cardiovascular diseased patients. Methods. We conducted research via Pubmed over two months using specific keywords related to cardiorespiratory rehabilitation, cardiovascular rehabilitation, endurance exercises, and respiratory exercises. In addition, we included studies that involved physical training for patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, valvular disease or valvular surgery, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results. A total of fifteen articles were included in this narrative review. Eight studies investigated the effect of aerobic training, alone or combined, in the rehabilitation process for patients with cardiovascular disease and/or pulmonary disease. It showed that this type of training is the most recommended and used for these specific pathologies. Seven studies showed the effects of the resistance training and progressive resistance training, alone or combined, and proved the importance of their integration in patients with skeletal muscle weakness and altered functional capacity. High-intensity interval training was not superior to moderate-intensity continuous training in improving aerobic capacity and changing ventricular remodeling in patients with chronic heart failure. However, the results were promising in patients with coronary artery disease. Combined training had the best results in improving the aerobic capacity, muscle strength, functional capacity, ventilatory responses, and enhancing the quality of life for cardiovascular patients. Conclusions. Combined training was found superior to aerobic training, resistance training, respiratory training, or inspiratory muscles training applied alone as a treatment in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs. Thus, every rehabilitation program should be individualized for every patient to increase the effort capacity using aerobic training and functional capacity of the skeletal muscles by increasing the muscle mass (hypertrophy) as an effect of resistance training or progressive resistance training "

Recommendations for outpatient respiratory rehabilitation of long COVID patients

The appearance of COVID-19 has been a problem for public health on a global scale, putting pressure on health care systems. The after-effects of this illness have highlighted the importance of rehabilitation in long COVID patients involv-ing different health professionals. The treatment of the respiratory after-effects of this disease in an outpatient setting is a specialized field. It is appropriate to offer a series of practical recommendations of cardio-respiratory rehabilitation that are helpful to the professionals involved in the after-effects when ending hospitalisation. This review of the literature includes ten key aspects of respiratory physiotherapy that range from assessment, parameters to monitor, signs of alarm and respiratory rehabilitation techniques and other exercises for this population.

Nine weeks of combined training improve functional and morphological outcomes in trained older people with cardiometabolic risk factors

BackgroundThe study is characterized as a single group experiment, with the aim of verifying the responses of functional capacity and body composition, after a combined training program with undulating periodization, of low cost and easy applicability, in volunteers with cardiovascular risk factors. MethodsExperimental study carried out with individuals of both sexes, with cardiometabolic risk factors, members of a Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Program (PROCOR) of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). A combined physical training program (aerobic and strength) with load training progression was used, performed at a frequency of three weekly sessions, on alternate days, for nine weeks and using shin guards, elastic bands or just body weight. Functional capacity, anthropometric profile and body composition of individuals were evaluated before and after the intervention. The comparison of data before and after the intervention period was performed using the Student's t-test for paired samples and the Wilcoxon test. ResultsImprovements statistically significant were observed in the tests related to functional capacity, “Sit and Stand”, “8-foot-up-and-go” at usual and maximum speeds and “March”, along with a decrease in anthropometric measurements of hip circumference, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio, and fat mass in the android region. In addition, the program was well-tolerated with a low rate of sample losses. ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that only 9 weeks of combined training at low cost and easy applicability is able to promote improvement in parameters related to functional capacity, anthropometric profile, and body composition of trained older people with cardiovascular risk factors.

Physiotherapy on Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation PostConvalescence by COVID-19: A Review

COVID-19 could be defined as a infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus, identified in December of 2019, in Wuhan, China. The symptoms more common of the disease are: fever, fatigue and dry cough. Some patients could present pain, nasal congestion, headache, throat pain, diarrhea, taste or smell lost, cutaneous eruption in the skin or hand or feet fingers discoloration. These symptoms generally are light and begin gradually. Perhaps, according the Health World Organization 2021, one of each six infected persons by COVID-19 still seriously ill and develop cardiorespiratory diseases. The elderly people and ones that have other comorbidities as high pression, cardiac and lung problems, diabetes or cancer, have more risk of stay seriously ill. Perhaps, any person could take COVID-19 and remain ill. Persons of all ages that presented fever, associated cough to respiratory difficulty, chest pain or loss of the movements must search the health service more closely immediately. The asymptomatic patients and stable clinically don’t need hospitalization and intensive care. The physiotherapist must do part of the care team, give help in the treatment and recovering.

Physiotherapy on Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation PostConvalescence by COVID-19: A Review

COVID-19 could be defined as a infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus, identified in December of 2019, in Wuhan, China. The symptoms more common of the disease are: fever, fatigue and dry cough. Some patients could present pain, nasal congestion, headache, throat pain, diarrhea, taste or smell lost, cutaneous eruption in the skin or hand or feet fingers discoloration. These symptoms generally are light and begin gradually. Perhaps, according the Health World Organization 2021, one of each six infected persons by COVID-19 still seriously ill and develop cardiorespiratory diseases. The elderly people and ones that have other comorbidities as high pression, cardiac and lung problems, diabetes or cancer, have more risk of stay seriously ill. Perhaps, any person could take COVID-19 and remain ill. Persons of all ages that presented fever, associated cough to respiratory difficulty, chest pain or loss of the movements must search the health service more closely immediately. The asymptomatic patients and stable clinically don’t need hospitalization and intensive care. The physiotherapist must do part of the care team, give help in the treatment and recovering.