Cardiorespiratory Parameters Research Articles

Surgical conditions in experimental laparoscopy: effects of pressure, neuromuscular blockade, and pre-stretching on workspace volume.

Establishing a pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopy is common surgical practice, with the goal to create an optimal surgical workspace within the abdominal cavity while minimizing insufflation pressure. Individualized strategies, based on neuromuscular blockade (NMB), pre-stretching routines, and personalized intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) to enhance surgical conditions are strategies to improve surgical workspace. However, the specific impact of each factor remains uncertain. This study explores the effects and side-effects of modifying intra-abdominal volume (IAV) through moderate and complete NMB in a porcine laparoscopy model. Thirty female Landrace pigs were randomly assigned to groups with complete NMB, regular NMB and a control group. Varying IAP levels were applied, and IAV was measured using CT scans. The study evaluated the maximum attainable IAV (Vmax), the pressure at which the cavity opens (p0), and the ease of expansion (λexp). Cardiorespiratory parameters, including peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO), were continuously recorded to evaluate side-effects. There were no significant weight differences between NMB groups (median 21.1kg). Observed volumes ranged from 0 to 4.7 L, with a mean Vmax of 3.82 L, mean p0 of 1.23mmHg, and mean λexp of 0.13hPa-1. NMB depth did not significantly affect these parameters. HR was significantly increased in the complete NMB group, while PIP, MAP, and CO remained unaffected. Repeated insufflation positively impacted Vmax; ease of opening; and expanding the cavity. In this porcine model, the depth of NMB does not alter abdominal mechanics or increase the surgical workspace. Cardiorespiratory changes are more related to insufflation pressure and frequency rather than NMB depth. Future studies should compensate for the positive effect of repeated insufflation on abdominal mechanics and surgical conditions.

Improvements in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Results in Atrial Fibrillation Patients After Radiofrequency Ablation in Kazakhstan

This prospective study evaluates the impact of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on cardiorespiratory indicators in patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation admitted to the Heart Center UMC between January 2022 and April 2024 in Astana, Kazakhstan. The study aims to assess the functional cardiac benefits of RFA. Out of 717 registered atrial fibrillation patients, 104 were examined before and 3 months after ablation, focusing on cardiorespiratory parameters. A before-and-after analysis using linear mixed models was applied to evaluate changes in cardiorespiratory parameters post-RFA. Significant improvements were noted across various measures. VO2 max increased from 11.5 ± 4.4 mL/kg/min to 18.0 ± 4.5 mL/kg/min (p < 0.001). Oxygen uptake improved from 7.2 ± 2.6 mL/beat to 11.0 ± 3.4 mL/beat (p < 0.001). The 6-min walking test distance rose from 306 ± 82 m to 400 ± 48 m (p < 0.001). METs increased from 4.4 ± 1.6 to 8.0 ± 1.3 (p < 0.001). Heart rate at peak exercise decreased from 175.5 ± 18.6 to 147.2 ± 12.3 beats per minute (p < 0.001). NT-proBNP levels decreased from 1357 ± 1182 to 415 ± 339 pg/mL (p < 0.001). Patients with persistent atrial fibrillation undergoing RFA showed functional improvements in CPET indicators such as VO2 max, METs, O2 pulse, heart rate, and the 6-min walking test. Improvements were also seen in Nt-proBNP analysis. These results emphasize the need for longitudinal follow-up to optimize outcomes and minimize medical risks.

A COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF EPIDURAL BUTORPHANOL AND FENTANYL FOR POST-OPERATIVE PAIN ANALGESIA IN LOWER ABDOMINAL AND LOWER LIMB SURGERIES UNDER EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLINDED STUDY

Objective: Lower doses of epidural opioids can achieve post-operative analgesia for infraumbilical surgeries. A study was conducted to compare the efficacy of epidural butorphanol and fentanyl for post-operative analgesia, onset, duration, and side effects in infraumbilical surgeries. Methods: A study was conducted on 80 adult patients, both male and female, aged between 20 and 60 years, having American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I and II, who were undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries under epidural anesthesia. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Both groups were given injections of bupivacaine 20 mL of 0.5% epidurally. In the post-operative period, when the patient’s Visual Analog Scale score was more than 4, Group A was administered butorphanol 2 mg followed by top-up doses of 0.5 mg, and Group B was administered fentanyl 50 μg followed by top-up doses of 15 μg, which were diluted to 10 mL in normal saline. Along with cardiorespiratory parameters, the study also noted onset, duration, quality of analgesia, and the number of epidural doses in 24 h. The statistical analysis was done using Student’s t-test and two-tailed Fisher’s exact test or Chi-square (χ2) test, and a significant value of p<0.05 was considered. Results: In comparing the post-operative analgesia between both groups, it was found that Group B had significant early onset of analgesia (2.600±0.4557 vs. 6.087±0.7501), shorter duration of analgesia (200.08±26.257 vs. 366.25±42.829), a higher number of epidural doses administered (3.75±1.171 vs. 2.98±0.733), lower quality of analgesia (2.55±0.504 vs. 3.18±0.636), and a greater incidence of vomiting (30.0% vs. 2.5%) when compared to group A. Conclusion: Superior analgesia with higher sedation can be achieved through epidural butorphanol, while fentanyl has a quicker onset of analgesia but a higher tendency for vomiting. Our conclusion is that both options, fentanyl and epidural butorphanol, are safe and effective for achieving post-operative pain relief.

Nesting Technique : It’s Effects on Preterm Cardiorespiratory Indicators

Background: Premature infant born with immature body system, their organs are not ready for extra uterine life, and they are unable to deal with external stress, which could alter body functions such as cardio-respiratory function. In addition, poor muscle tone increases the chance of developing an abnormal posture. To reduce this instability, applying developmental care such as nesting is vital to promote cardio-respiratory stability, maintain position, and reduce stress in preterm. Objectives: The study aims to assess the impact of the nesting technique on preterm cardio-respiratory parameters in various positions (supine, prone, and right lateral). Methodology: The research used randomized controlled trial design. By simple random sampling technique was choose 60 preterm infant, and they were divided into four groups equally (supine, prone, right lateral, and control group). The cardio-respiratory parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) were measured before and after applying the nesting and positioning techniques for 3 consecutive days. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Results: The study results showed a significant difference in the mean score of cardio-respiratory after three days of nesting technique with lateral, supine, and prone position groups at p= 0.000. While the control group showed there was non-significant change in the mean score of HR, RR, and Spo2 at p > 0.05. Conclusion: The Study concluded that the nesting technique was effective for stabilizing the cardio-respiratory parameters of preterm infants. The authors recommended routinely using nesting with the ideal position technique in preterm as a part of developmental care at the neonatal intensive care unit

Evaluation of two protocols for chemical restraint in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).

Abstract: This study evaluated the cardiorespiratory parameters, analgesia, sedation depth and duration, and recovery quality in guinea pigs undergoing elective castration, using dexmedetomidine or xylazine combined with esketamine hydrochloride and morphine. In a crossover study, guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) (n=8), 9 months and 650 g (p = 0,3831) received xylazine (1 mg/kg), esketamine (10 mg/kg), and morphine (0,5 mg/kg) (GXIL), or dexmedetomidine (5 mcg/kg), esketamine (10 mg/kg), and morphine (0,5 mg/kg) (GDEX) intramuscularly at a two-week interval. Cardiorespiratory parameters, including respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), SpO2, and rectal temperature (RTºC), were recorded at baseline (M0) and every 5 minutes post-administration (M5 to M60). Sedation depth was assessed via ear/toe pinch response, jaw tone, righting reflex, posture, palpebral reflex and reaction to manipulation, based on the criteria established by D'OVÍDIO et al. (2017). Statistical analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk test, unpaired t-test, two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U). GXIL induced more profound sedation, with significant differences in ear/toe pinch response and jaw tone compared to GDEX. HR and RR significantly decreased in the GXIL group, with an average reduction of 13,6% in HR and 32,6% in RR. GDEX demonstrated less sedation depth and a milder decrease in RR. Both protocols were effective and safe for chemical restraint in guinea pigs, though GXIL provided deeper sedation and greater cardiorespiratory depression than GDEX. However, GDEX maintained a more stable cardiorespiratory profile, suggesting it. Nonetheless, both treatments provided minimal cardiorespiratory alterations, demonstrating their safety for use.

Clinical case on the use of the Bimod Vet® on a Doberman Pinscher puppy with atrial fibrillation

Similarly as in people, the diagnosis of cardiac diseases in dogs typically relies on echocardiography and electrocardiography, examinations that are usually reserved to cardiologists. A new medical device (footnote: Bimod Vet®) acquiring the electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram of dogs simultaneously and processing them with built-in algorithms has been developed to assist general practitioners in the management of cases suggestive of suffering from a cardiac disorder. This article displays the use of this device in a 5-month-old Doberman Pinscher puppy referred to a cardiologist and eventually diagnosed with cardiomyopathy of dilated phenotype with atrial fibrillation of unknown origin.In this case, Bimod Vet® enabled to acquire some cardiorespiratory parameters highly suggestive of a cardiac disorder, in a fast and stress-free manner. The rhythm analysis performed by the software lead to a suspicion of atrial fibrillation, based on a rapid and irregular rhythm, narrow QRS complexes and absence of P wave on the electrocardiogram tracing. A systolic murmur was also detected and the respiratory rate was measured.The device Bimod Vet® can therefore assist veterinarians in the detection of several abnormalities suggestive of an underlying cardiac disorder.

Effects of wearing a KF94 face mask on performance, perceptual parameters, and physiological responses during resistance exercise

[Purpose] Wearing face masks in indoor public places, including fitness centers, is an effective strategy for preventing the airborne transmission of viruses. Despite this, limited research has addressed the effects of wearing a mask during resistance exercise, which is primarily performed in indoor fitness centers. This study investigated the effects of wearing a KF94 face mask on exercise volume, perceptual parameters, and cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular responses during resistance exercise.[Methods] Twenty young men (23.8 ± 0.5 years old) participated in this randomized crossover trial. The participants performed moderate-intensity resistance exercise (60% of 1RM) sessions under two different conditions (KF94 mask vs. no mask). Cardiorespiratory parameters, exercise volume, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and dyspnea were measured. Blood lactate concentration, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and perceptual parameters were measured pre- and post-exercise.[Results] Wearing the KF94 mask significantly reduced exercise volume, ventilation volume, and ventilation efficiency compared to exercising without a mask (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Although blood lactate concentration remained unchanged between the two conditions, RPE and dyspnea were significantly higher with the KF94 mask (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Central arterial stiffness post-exercise was significantly higher with the KF94 mask than without it (<i>p</i> < 0.01).[Conclusion] Wearing a KF94 face mask during resistance exercise affected exercise volume, perceptual parameters, and cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular responses. These findings suggest that coaches and trainers should consider the individual characteristics when designing exercise prescriptions and modifying resistance exercise variables while wearing KF94 masks.

Correlation of body mass index, with cardiometabolic and cardiorespiratory fitness in health care professionals of Multan.

The current study was conducted at Ali-Ul-Murtaza Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Muhammad Institute of Medical and Allied Sciences, Multan, Pakistan, from October to December 2022 to explore the correlation of body mass index with cardiometabolic and cardiorespiratory parameters in 393 male and female healthcare professionals, including physiotherapists, pharmacists and medical laboratory technicians, aged 22- 40 years. The evaluation was on the basis of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire, body mass index, lipid profile, body fat and correlation of blood pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation, respiration rate and heart rate with cardiorespiratory fitness assessed through shuttle-run test, step test and treadmill test. Data was analysed using SPSS 25. Of the 393 subjects, 140(35.62) were underweight, 140(35.62) were overweight and 113(28.75) were obese. Of the total, 153(38.93) were pleased with their general health, while 240(61.06) had a history of cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. There was a highly significant correlation between lipid profiles and the subjects' quality of life (p<0.05).

Benefits of triathlon disciplines in maintaining good health - a review of the literature

Introduction: A triathlon is a multisport event comprising three individual disciplines: swimming, cycling and running. The event is structured around two transition periods, during which competitors change from one mode of transportation to another. The multidisciplinary nature of triathlon places an exceptional physiological burden on athletes, with modifications to haemodynamic, biochemical, cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters. Participation in triathlon has been linked with a number of benefits, including improved endurance, body toning and enhanced laboratory results. However, this is not an exhaustive list. Based on the evidence currently available, we will attempt to demonstrate that triathlon and its constituent activities represent an optimal approach for enhancing well-being. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the impact of swimming, cycling and running on specific organ systems, with a particular emphasis on the components of a triathlon. In the course of our research, we have drawn upon the findings of numerous previous studies, as referenced in the bibliography. Every effort has been made to organize and standardize this knowledge.

Test-Retest Reliability of Running Economy and Metabolic and Cardiorespiratory Parameters During a Multistage Incremental Treadmill Test in Male Middle- and Long-Distance Runners.

This study investigated the test-retest reliability of running economy (RE) and metabolic and cardiorespiratory parameters related to endurance running performance using a multistage incremental treadmill test. On two occasions separated by 21-28days, 12 male middle- and long-distance runners ran at 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14km/hr for 8min each stage, immediately followed by a ramp test to volitional exhaustion. Carbohydrate (10% maltodextrin solution) was consumed before and during the test to provide ∼1g/min of exercise. RE, minute ventilation (V˙E), oxygen consumption (V˙O2), carbon dioxide production (V˙CO2), respiratory exchange ratio(RER), heart rate(HR), ratings of perceived exertion(RPE), and blood glucose and lactate concentrations were recorded for each stage and at volitional exhaustion. Time-to-exhaustion (TTE) and peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak) during the ramp test were also recorded. Absolute reliability, calculated as the coefficient of variation (CV) between repeated measures, ranged from 2.3% to 3.1% for RE, whereas relative reliability, calculated as the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC), ranged from .42 to .79. V˙E, V˙O2, V˙O2peak, V˙CO2, RER, and HR had a CV of 1.1%-4.3% across all stages. TTE and RPE had a CV of 7.2% and 2.3%-10.8%, respectively, while glucose and lactate had a CV of 4.0%-17.8%. All otherparameters, except for blood glucose, were demonstrated to have good-to-excellent relative reliability assessed by ICC. Measures of RE, V˙O2peak, and TTE were reliable during this two-phase multistage incremental treadmill test in a cohort of trained and highly trained male middle- and long-distance runners.

Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on peak oxygen uptake (vo2peak) a cardiorespiratory parameter for individuals aged 40 and above: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on peak oxygen uptake (vo2peak) a cardiorespiratory parameter for individuals aged 40 and above: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Lung Volume Changes in Stable Preterm Infants Weaned From Nasal CPAP to High Flow: A Prospective Cohort Study

BackgroundWeaning preterm infants off nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) using nasal high-flow therapy has gained popularity. The effects of such a weaning strategy on lung volumes are unclear. Research QuestionHow does the transition from nCPAP to high-flow as well as varying flow levels affect lung volumes in stable preterm infants? Study Design and MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study in infants 30-35 weeks postmenstrual age. After a baseline period on nCPAP 5 cm H2O, infants were switched to high-flow 8 L/min for 30 minutes. The flow level was reduced by 2 L/min every 30 minutes to a minimum of 2 L/min and subsequently increased to the initial level of 8 L/min, followed by another nCPAP period. Using electrical impedance tomography (EIT), end-expiratory lung impedance (EELZ) as a proxy for end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded at each flow level and compared to baseline. ResultsOverall, 8438 breaths from 19 infants were analyzed. EELV changed significantly during the study (P = 0.002), which was mainly attributable to a loss of EELV when high-flow was reduced to 6 and 4 L/min and re-escalated to 4, 6, and 8 L/min. Apart from a reduction in minute ventilation (P = 0.004), no other significant changes were found in EIT ventilation parameters. Alterations in lung volume were accompanied by an increase in heart rate (P = 0.02) and a decrease in SpO2/FiO2 ratio (P < 0.001). InterpretationThe transition from nCPAP to high-flow is likely to result in a reduced EELV, accompanied by physiological responses in heart rate and oxygenation. Despite a stepwise escalation to pre-weaning flow levels, only partial recovery of lung volume losses is achievable with high-flow. Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05237622)

Comparison of face mask effects on cardiorespiratory responses between physically active and sedentary individuals.

Alterations caused by face masks on physiological responses vary among different population groups. This study aimed to investigate whether physically active and sedentary individuals respond differently to face mask use during exercise. Sixteen healthy college students were divided into two groups: Physically active group (N.=10; 26.50±2.80 years) and Sedentary group (N.=6; 26.33±2.81 years). They performed three maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET)s following the Bruce protocol: one without a face mask (NON), one with a surgical mask (SUR) and one with a cloth mask (CLO). Cardiorespiratory parameters and heart rate were monitored continuously during the test. Blood pressure, oxygen saturation and lactate level were measured immediately before and after exertion. Significant differences were found between the Physically active and the Sedentary group in peak VO<inf>2</inf> (VO<inf>2peak</inf>) in NON (P=0.030). However, this difference disappeared when the face masks were used. Furthermore, VO<inf>2</inf>/kg (P=0.002) and METs (P=0.002) decreased significantly at the respiratory compensation point (RCP) only in the Physically active group with face masks. No significant differences were found between the two groups for exercise time, lactate level and dyspnea (P>0.05). The decrease in exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory responses, particularly VO<inf>2peak</inf>, due to face mask use was greater in physically active individuals compared to sedentary individuals. Population group characteristics should be considered when adapting face masks to daily life.

Assessing the Accuracy of Smartwatch-Based Estimation of Maximum Oxygen Uptake Using the Apple Watch Series 7: Validation Study.

Determining maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) is essential for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness. While laboratory-based testing is considered the gold standard, sports watches or fitness trackers offer a convenient alternative. However, despite the high number of wrist-worn devices, there is a lack of scientific validation for VO2max estimation outside the laboratory setting. This study aims to compare the Apple Watch Series 7's performance against the gold standard in VO2max estimation and Apple's validation findings. A total of 19 participants (7 female and 12 male), aged 18 to 63 (mean 28.42, SD 11.43) years were included in the validation study. VO2max for all participants was determined in a controlled laboratory environment using a metabolic gas analyzer. Thereby, they completed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer until reaching subjective exhaustion. This value was then compared with the estimated VO2max value from the Apple Watch, which was calculated after wearing the watch for at least 2 consecutive days and measured directly after an outdoor running test. The measured VO2max (mean 45.88, SD 9.42 mL/kg/minute) in the laboratory setting was significantly higher than the predicted VO2max (mean 41.37, SD 6.5 mL/kg/minute) from the Apple Watch (t18=2.51; P=.01) with a medium effect size (Hedges g=0.53). The Bland-Altman analysis revealed a good overall agreement between both measurements. However, the intraclass correlation coefficient ICC(2,1)=0.47 (95% CI 0.06-0.75) indicated poor reliability. The mean absolute percentage error between the predicted and the actual VO2max was 15.79%, while the root mean square error was 8.85 mL/kg/minute. The analysis further revealed higher accuracy when focusing on participants with good fitness levels (mean absolute percentage error=14.59%; root-mean-square error=7.22 ml/kg/minute; ICC(2,1)=0.60 95% CI 0.09-0.87). Similar to other smartwatches, the Apple Watch also overestimates or underestimates the VO2max in individuals with poor or excellent fitness levels, respectively. Assessing the accuracy and reliability of the Apple Watch's VO2max estimation is crucial for determining its suitability as an alternative to laboratory testing. The findings of this study will apprise researchers, physical training professionals, and end users of wearable technology, thereby enhancing the knowledge base and practical application of such devices in assessing cardiorespiratory fitness parameters.

Impact of Idiopathic Scoliosis on the Cardiopulmonary Capacity of Adolescents.

Chest deformities in children with scoliosis may result in cardiopulmonary disorders, lowering cardiopulmonary capacity levels. However, results regarding the dependence of cardiopulmonary capacity on the severity level of scoliosis remain controversial. We aimed to use dynamic cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to investigate exercise capacity in reference to spinal deformity in patients with mild or moderate idiopathic scoliosis by means of multivariate analyses. Methods: We included 92 children and adolescents aged 10-17 years with mild and moderate idiopathic scoliosis and 94 healthy peers. The study consisted of three parts: (1) medical record analyses; (2) anthropometric measurements; and (3) CPET. Results: Our results revealed that the mean VO2peak and VO2peak/kg values of the participants with scoliosis were 0.27 L/min and 0.37 mL/min/kg lower than their healthy peers, respectively, regardless of age and gender. Furthermore, the occurrence of scoliosis correlates with a mean decrease in minute ventilation volume by 10.10 L/min, tidal volume by 0.11 L, breathing frequency by 3.78 bpm, and breathing reserve by 14.34%, regardless of the age and gender of the participants. Children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate scoliosis during CPET exhibit a lower ventilation capacity and lower VO2 max than healthy adolescents matched in age but their cardiorespiratory fitness parameters do not depend on the Cobb angle value and the angle rotation of the primary spinal curvature. Conclusions: Physical therapy and activity should be recommended to prevent cardiorespiratory failure in later life in patients with scoliosis. This study may also provide CPET reference values for healthy children and adolescents with scoliosis.

Central venous pressure waveform analysis during sleep/rest: a novel approach to enhance intensive care unit post-extubation monitoring of extubation failure.

This pilot study aimed to investigate the relation between cardio-respiratory parameters derived from Central Venous Pressure (CVP) waveform and Extubation Failure (EF) in mechanically ventilated ICU patients during post-extubation period. This study also proposes a new methodology for analysing these parameters during rest/sleep periods to try to improve the identification of EF. We conducted a prospective observational study, computing CVP-derived parameters including breathing effort, spectral analyses, and entropy in twenty critically ill patients post-extubation. The Dynamic Warping Index (DWi) was calculated from the respiratory component extracted from the CVP signal to identify rest/sleep states. The obtained parameters from EF patients and patients without EF were compared both during arbitrary periods and during reduced DWi (rest/sleep). We have analysed data from twenty patients of which nine experienced EF. Our findings may suggest significantly increased respiratory effort in EF patients compared to those successfully extubated. Our study also suggests the occurrence of significant change in the frequency dispersion of the cardiac signal component. We also identified a possible improvement in the differentiation between the two groups of patients when assessed during rest/sleep states. Although with caveats regarding the sample size, the results of this pilot study may suggest that CVP-derived cardio-respiratory parameters are valuable for monitoring respiratory failure during post-extubation, which could aid in managing non-invasive interventions and possibly reduce the incidence of EF. Our findings also indicate the possible importance of considering sleep/rest state when assessing cardio-respiratory parameters, which could enhance respiratory failure detection/monitoring.

The synthetic cathinones MDPHP and MDPV: Comparison of the acute effects in mice, in silico ADMET profiles and clinical reports

The 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MDPHP) is a synthetic cathinone closely related to 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), one of the most common synthetic cathinones present in the “bath salts”. MDPHP has recently gained attention due to increasing seizures and involvement in human intoxications which occurred in Europe and Italy in the last years, but currently there is a lack of information about its pharmaco-toxicological effects. With the aim at filling this gap, the present study is endeavoured to (i) evaluate the effects of acute administration of MDPHP (0.01–20 mg/kg; i.p.) on behaviour, cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular parameters in CD-1 male mice, comparing them to those observed after administration of MDPV; (ii) predict the ADMET profile of the two analogues using the Plus ADMET Predictor®; (iii) present clinical data related to MDPHP and MDPV-induced intoxications recorded between 2011 and 2023 by the Pavia Poison Control Centre (PCC) − National Toxicology Information Centre (Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Pavia, Italy). Our results substantiated that MDPHP and MDPV similarly affect sensorimotor and behavioural responses in mice, importantly increased locomotion and induced aggressive behaviour, and, at higher dosage, increased heart rate and blood pressure. These findings are in line with those observed in humans, revealing severe toxidromes typically characterized by Central Nervous System (CNS) alterations (behavioural/neuropsychiatric symptoms), including psychomotor agitation and aggressiveness, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders (e.g. tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnoea), and other peripheral symptoms (e.g. hyperthermia, acidosis, rhabdomyolysis).

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF EMOTIONAL SPHERE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep disorder globally. OSA affects 2–6 % of the adult population and 15–26 % of those aged over 70. The main daytime OSA symptoms are daytime sleepiness, decreased mood and concentration. Patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) often have the same complaints. Although such symptoms characterize emotional and affective disorders, the patients are usually treated by neurologists. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of emotional and affective disorders in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia and obstructive sleep apnea. Materials and Methods. The study involved 45 patients aged 50–78 with CCI, type 1–2. Patients were examined for OSA and underwent cardiorespiratory monitoring. The psychoemotional status of individuals with CCI and OSA was assessed according to HADS, SHAPS, and ESS. Statistical analysis of cardiorespiratory monitoring parameters determined the critical level of average night saturation, at which depressive symptoms are detected. Results. It was found that patients with severe OSA had more severe depressive symptoms and anhedonia, but lower anxiety levels compared with CCI patients without severe OSA. The authors determined critical levels of mean night saturation for development of depression (SpO2avrg&lt;89 %) and clinically significant depression (SpO2avg&lt;87 %). Conclusion. Depression is proved to be the most common emotional disorder in patients with CCI and concomitant OSA. The authors determined critical levels of average night saturation for depressive disorders in patients with CCI type 1–2.

EFFECT OF CUPPING THERAPY ON PAIN, CARDIORESPIRATORY PARAMETERS, AND LUNG FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME

Background: The rheumatic condition fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is marked by extensive pain, and tender points, with accompanying complaints such as stiffened muscles, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, along with dyspnea, exhaustion, and other cardio-respiratory related dysfunction. This study’s goal was to determine the effect of dry cupping intervention on pain, cardiorespiratory parameters as well as lung function in patients with FMS. Methods: Thirty females with FMS (40–60 years old) were enlisted and subsequently divided into two distinct groups: conventional treatment with ([Formula: see text] = 15) and without ([Formula: see text] = 15) cupping therapy i.e. experimental and control groups respectively. All participants received therapies 3 days a week during this study. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), digital pressure pain threshold (PPT), cardiac parameters including blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer, O2 saturation and pulse rate using a pulse oximeter, respiratory parameters including chest expansion using a measuring tape, lung functions including FVC and FEV1/FVC using a spirometer were used to assess participants on baseline, last day of 2nd and 4th week of treatment. Results: Improvements in pain, PPT, oxygen saturation, pulse rate, and chest expansion, FVC and FEV1/FVC were higher in the group who got cupping therapy including conventional treatment against the group who just received conventional treatment ([Formula: see text] 0.05). At the end of the 4th week, there was no appreciable change in blood pressure levels between the groups ([Formula: see text] 0.05). Conclusion: The FMS treatment plan should include cupping therapy in addition to conventional treatment to help patients improve their cardio-respiratory fitness and overall quality of life.

Positioning Preterm Newborns for Cardiorespiratory Stability A Global Insight

This study assessed the effects of supine, prone, and right lateral positioning on the cardiorespiratory indicators of preterm newborns using a randomized controlled trial with 60 participants. Measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were taken before and after the application of these positions over three days. Results indicated significant improvements in all cardiorespiratory parameters in the intervention groups (p = 0.000), while the control group showed no significant changes. The findings suggest that strategic positioning can be an effective part of developmental care in neonatal intensive care units, enhancing the stabilization of vital functions in preterm newborns. Highlights: Strategic Positioning: Enhances cardiorespiratory stability in preterm newborns. Methodological Rigor: Employs a robust randomized controlled trial. Practical Implications: Recommends routine NICU positioning strategies. Keywords: Preterm Newborns, Cardiorespiratory Stabilization, NICU, Positioning Strategies, Randomized Controlled Trial.