Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science Research Articles

The importance of concord between nations for scientific progress in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A literature review

Conflict between nations harms, not only its direct victims, but often the next generations. History teaches us that concord and international cooperation favors the progress of science, especially medicine, while wars and violence provoked by different religious, ideological, political, and sociocultural contexts hinder scientific research, to the detriment of humanity. The objective of this article is to recall some notable figures in the history of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), focusing on the negative consequences of ideological persecution for the science of CPR.

2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews in this summary include resuscitation topics of video-based dispatch systems; head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation; early coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation; cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone patient; cord management at birth for preterm and term infants; devices for administering positive-pressure ventilation at birth; family presence during neonatal resuscitation; self-directed, digitally based basic life support education and training in adults and children; coronavirus disease 2019 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest; and first aid topics, including cooling with water for thermal burns, oral rehydration for exertional dehydration, pediatric tourniquet use, and methods of tick removal. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations or good practice statements. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.

2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group.

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews in this summary include resuscitation topics of video-based dispatch systems; head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation; early coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation; cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone patient; cord management at birth for preterm and term infants; devices for administering positive-pressure ventilation at birth; family presence during neonatal resuscitation; self-directed, digitally based basic life support education and training in adults and children; coronavirus disease 2019 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest; and first aid topics, including cooling with water for thermal burns, oral rehydration for exertional dehydration, pediatric tourniquet use, and methods of tick removal. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations or good practice statements. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.

Adult advanced life support

Diese Leitlinien des Europäischen Reanimationsrates für erweiterte lebensrettende Maßnahmen basieren auf dem Internationalen Konsens 2020 zur Wissenschaft in kardiopulmonaler Wiederbelebung mit Behandlungsempfehlungen. Dieser Abschnitt enthält Leitlinien zur Prävention und zur ALS(Advanced Life Support)-Behandlung von Kreislaufstillstand innerhalb und außerhalb des Krankenhauses.

Basic life support

Der Europäische Rat für Wiederbelebung hat diese Leitlinie – Basismaßnahmen zur Wiederbelebung – auf Grundlage des International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations 2020 erstellt. Die behandelten Themen umfassen: Erkennen eines Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands, Alarmierung des Rettungsdiensts, Herzdruckmassage (Thoraxkompressionen), Beatmung/Atemspende, automatisierte externe Defibrillation (AED), Qualitätsmessung der Wiederbelebung, neue Technologien, Sicherheit und Verlegung der Atemwege durch Fremdkörper.

Paediatric Life Support

Die Leitlinien des European Resuscitation Council (ERC) zu den lebensrettenden Maßnahmen bei Kindern (Paediatric Life Support, PLS) basieren auf dem 2020 verfassten „International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations“ der ILCOR (International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation). Dieses Kapitel beinhaltet Leitlinien zur Behandlung kritisch kranker oder verletzter Säuglinge, von Kindern und Jugendlichen vor, während und nach einem Atem-Kreislauf-Stillstand.

Cardiac arrest under special circumstances

Diese Leitlinien des European Resuscitation Council (ERC) für den Kreislaufstillstand unter besonderen Umständen basieren auf dem 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. Dieses Kapitel enthält Leitlinien zu den Modifikationen der lebensrettenden Basismaßnahmen und erweiterten lebensrettenden Maßnahmen zur Vorbeugung und Behandlung von Kreislaufstillständen unter besonderen Umständen; insbesondere spezielle Ursachen (Hypoxie, Trauma, Anaphylaxie, Sepsis, Hypo‑/Hyperkaliämie und andere Elektrolytstörungen, Hypothermie, Lawinengeschehen, Hyperthermie und maligne Hyperthermie, Lungenembolie, Koronarthrombose, Herzbeuteltamponade, Spannungspneumothorax, Giftstoffe), spezielle Umstände (Operationssaal, Herzchirurgie, Herzkatheterlabor, Dialyseeinheit, Zahnkliniken, Transport während des Flugs, Kreuzfahrtschiffe, Sport, Ertrinken, Großschadensereignisse) und spezielle Patientengruppen (Asthma und chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung, neurologische Erkrankungen, krankhafte Adipositas, Schwangerschaft).Zusatzmaterial onlineDie Online-Version dieses Beitrags (10.1007/s10049-021-00891-z) enthält das originale Zusatzmaterial aus dem Artikel in Resuscitation.Beitrag und Zusatzmaterial stehen Ihnen auf www.springermedizin.de zur Verfügung. Bitte geben Sie dort den Beitragstitel in die Suche ein, das Zusatzmaterial finden Sie beim Beitrag unter „Ergänzende Inhalte“.

Education for resuscitation

Diese Leitlinien des European Resuscitation Council basieren auf dem internationalen wissenschaftlichen Konsens 2020 zur kardiopulmonalen Reanimation mit Behandlungsempfehlungen (International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations [ILCOR] 2020 CoSTR). Dieser Abschnitt bietet Bürgern und Angehörigen der Gesundheitsberufe Anleitungen zum Lehren und Lernen der Kenntnisse, der Fertigkeiten und der Einstellungen zur Reanimation mit dem Ziel, das Überleben von Patienten nach Kreislaufstillstand zu verbessern.

Lebensrettende Systeme

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) has produced these Systems Saving Lives guidelines, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The following topics are covered: chain of survival, measuring performance of resuscitation, social media and smartphones apps for engaging the community, European Restart a Heart Day, World Restart a Heart, KIDS SAVE LIVES campaign, lower-resource setting, European Resuscitation Academy and Global Resuscitation Alliance, early warning scores, rapid response systems, and medical emergency team, cardiac arrest centres and role of dispatchers.

First aid

The European Resuscitation Council has produced these first aid guidelines, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The topics include the first aid management of emergency medicine and trauma. For medical emergencies the following content is covered: recovery position, optimal positioning for shock, bronchodilator administration for asthma, recognition of stroke, early aspirin for chest pain, second dose of adrenaline for anaphylaxis, management of hypoglycaemia, oral rehydration solutions for treating exertion-related dehydration, management of heat stroke by cooling, supplemental oxygen in acute stroke, and presyncope. For trauma-related emergencies the following topics are covered: control of life-threatening bleeding, management of open chest wounds, cervical spine motion restriction and stabilisation, recognition of concussion, cooling of thermal burns, dental avulsion, compression wrap for closed extremity joint injuries, straightening an angulated fracture, and eye injury from chemical exposure.

European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2021: post-resuscitation care.

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) have collaborated to produce these post-resuscitation care guidelines for adults, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The topics covered include the post-cardiac arrest syndrome, diagnosis of cause of cardiac arrest, control of oxygenation and ventilation, coronary reperfusion, haemodynamic monitoring and management, control of seizures, temperature control, general intensive care management, prognostication, long-term outcome, rehabilitation and organ donation.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00134-021-06368-4.

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: First aid

The European Resuscitation Council has produced these first aid guidelines, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The topics include the first aid management of emergency medicine and trauma. For medical emergencies the following content is covered: recovery position, optimal positioning for shock, bronchodilator administration for asthma, recognition of stroke, early aspirin for chest pain, second dose of adrenaline for anaphylaxis, management of hypoglycaemia, oral rehydration solutions for treating exertion-related dehydration, management of heat stroke by cooling, supplemental oxygen in acute stroke, and presyncope. For trauma related emergencies the following topics are covered: control of life-threatening bleeding, management of open chest wounds, cervical spine motion restriction and stabilisation, recognition of concussion, cooling of thermal burns, dental avulsion, compression wrap for closed extremity joint injuries, straightening an angulated fracture, and eye injury from chemical exposure.

European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines 2021: Post-resuscitation care

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) have collaborated to produce these post-resuscitation care guidelines for adults, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The topics covered include the post-cardiac arrest syndrome, diagnosis of cause of cardiac arrest, control of oxygenation and ventilation, coronary reperfusion, haemodynamic monitoring and management, control of seizures, temperature control, general intensive care management, prognostication, long-term outcome, rehabilitation, and organ donation.

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Systems saving lives

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) has produced these Systems Saving Lives guidelines, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The topics covered include chain of survival, measuring performance of resuscitation, social media and smartphones apps for engaging community, European Restart a Heart Day, World Restart a Heart, KIDS SAVE LIVES campaign, lower-resource setting, European Resuscitation Academy and Global Resuscitation Alliance, early warning scores, rapid response systems, and medical emergency team, cardiac arrest centres and role of dispatcher.

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Basic Life Support

The European Resuscitation Council has produced these basic life support guidelines, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The topics covered include cardiac arrest recognition, alerting emergency services, chest compressions, rescue breaths, automated external defibrillation (AED), CPR quality measurement, new technologies, safety, and foreign body airway obstruction.

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Paediatric Life Support

These European Resuscitation Council Paediatric Life Support (PLS) guidelines, are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the management of critically ill infants and children, before, during and after cardiac arrest.

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Education for resuscitation

These European Resuscitation Council education guidelines, are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidance to citizens and healthcare professionals with regard to teaching and learning the knowledge, skills and attitudes of resuscitation with the ultimate aim of improving patient survival after cardiac arrest.

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Adult advanced life support

These European Resuscitation Council Advanced Life Support guidelines, are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the prevention of and ALS treatments for both in-hospital cardiac arrest and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Cardiac arrest in special circumstances

These European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Cardiac Arrest in Special Circumstances guidelines are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the modifications required to basic and advanced life support for the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest in special circumstances; specifically special causes (hypoxia, trauma, anaphylaxis, sepsis, hypo/hyperkalaemia and other electrolyte disorders, hypothermia, avalanche, hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia, pulmonary embolism, coronary thrombosis, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, toxic agents), special settings (operating room, cardiac surgery, catheter laboratory, dialysis unit, dental clinics, transportation (in-flight, cruise ships), sport, drowning, mass casualty incidents), and special patient groups (asthma and COPD, neurological disease, obesity, pregnancy).

Sistemi za spašavanje života

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) has produced these Systems Saving Lives guidelines, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The topics covered include chain of survival, measuring performance of resuscitation, social media and smartphones apps for engaging community, European Restart a Heart Day, World Restart a Heart, KIDS SAVE LIVES campaign, early warning scores, rapid response systems, and medical emergency team, cardiac arrest centres and role of dispatcher. The Systems Saving Lives chapter describes numerous and important factors that can globally improve the management of cardiac arrest patients not as a single intervention but as a system-level approach. The aim of this paper is to provide evidence-informed best practice guidance, about interventions which can be implemented by healthcare systems to improve outcomes of out-of-hospital and/or in-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA and IHCA). The intended audience of the paper are governments, managers of health and education systems, healthcare professionals, teachers, students and laypeople.