Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training Courses Research Articles

Impact of a national initiative to provide civilian cardiopulmonary resuscitation training courses on the rates of bystander intervention by citizens and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

BackgroundThe impact of a national initiative to provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education to the public on the rates of citizen-initiated CPR and survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains uncertain. MethodsWe examined 358,025 cases of citizen-witnessed OHCA with presumed cardiac origin, recorded in the Japanese nationwide registry from 2005 to 2020. We assessed the relationship between the number of individuals certified in CPR courses, citizen interventions, and neurologically favorable survival at one month. ResultsThe cumulative number of certified citizens has linearly increased from 9,930,327 in 2005 to 34,938,322 in 2020 (incidence rate ratio for annual number = 1.03, p < 0.001), encompassing 32.3% of the Japanese population aged 15 and above. Similarly, the prevalence of citizen-initiated CPR has consistently increased from 40.6% in 2005 to 56.8% in 2020 (P for trend < 0.001). Greater citizen CPR engagement was significantly associated with better outcome in initial shockable rhythm patients [chest compression only: odds ratio (OR) 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.51; P = 0.029; chest compression with rescue breathing: OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.08–1.62; P = 0.006; defibrillation with chest compression: OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.83–2.83; P < 0.001; defibrillation with chest compression and rescue breathing: OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.70–2.73; P < 0.001 vs. no citizen CPR]. ConclusionsThe incidence of citizen-initiated CPR across Japan has consistently and proportionately increased with the rising number of individuals certified in CPR courses. Greater citizen CPR involvement has been linked to neurologically favorable survival, particularly in cases with an initial shockable rhythm.

Empowering Tomorrow's Healers: Assessing Knowledge and Attitude Regarding CPR Training among Final-Year Doctor of Physical Therapy Students in Karachi-Cross Sectional Study

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical skill for healthcare professionals, including physical therapy students. Despite its importance, there is a gap in research regarding the CPR knowledge of these future professionals. This study aims to assess the level of CPR knowledge and attitudes among final-year Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the CPR knowledge, confidence in performing CPR, and attitudes towards CPR training among final-year DPT students in Karachi. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data were collected from 101 final-year DPT students using a validated questionnaire adapted from previous studies. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23, focusing on descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage. Results: While all participants were aware of CPR, only 49.5% believed their knowledge was adequate. About half of the students had previously taken a CPR training course, yet only 27.7% had done so within the past year. In situations requiring CPR, 50% of those who had faced such scenarios did not perform it, primarily due to nervousness. Approximately 69.3% knew the correct sequence of CPR, and 85% were willing to perform CPR on anyone if necessary. Conclusion: The study reveals a significant gap in confidence and practical knowledge of CPR among final-year DPT students. Despite a high level of initial awareness, there is a need for regular, updated training to build proficiency and confidence in CPR. Integrating CPR training into the DPT curriculum and promoting regular retraining could be key strategies for improving CPR skills among future physical therapists.

Efficacy of distance training program for cardiopulmonary resuscitation utilizing smartphone application and home delivery system

Aim of the studyCommunity cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education is important for laypersons. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, with social distancing, conventional face-to-face CPR training was unavailable. We developed a distance learning CPR training course (HEROS-Remote) using a smartphone application that monitors real-time chest compression quality and a home delivery collection system for mannikins. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the HEROS-Remote course by comparing chest compression quality with that of conventional CPR training. MethodsWe applied layperson CPR education with HEROS-Remote and conventional education in Seoul during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both groups underwent a 2-min post-training chest compression test, and we tested non-inferiority. Chest compression depth, rate, complete recoil, and composite chest compression score was measured. Trainees completed a satisfaction survey on CPR education and delivery. The primary outcome was the mean chest compression depth. ResultsA total of 180 trainees were enrolled, with 90 assigned to each training group. Chest compression depth of HEROS-Remote training showed non-inferiority to that of conventional training (67.4 vs. 67.8, p = 0.78), as well as composite chest compression score (92.7 vs. 95.5, p = 0.16). The proportions of adequate chest compression depth, chest compression rate, and chest compressions with complete chest recoil were similar in both training sessions. In the HEROS-Remote training, 90% of the trainees were satisfied with CPR training, and 96% were satisfied with the delivery and found it convenient. ConclusionHEROS-Remote training was non-inferior to conventional CPR training in terms of chest compression quality. Distance learning CPR training using a smartphone application and mannikin delivery had high user satisfaction and was logistically feasible.

Effect of in-service training courses in neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the rate of successful resuscitation in nurses working in the neonatal department: A quasi-experimental study

The present study aims to determine the effect of in-service training courses in neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the rate of successful resuscitation in nurses working in the neonatal department. This quasi-experimental study was conducted among nurses employed in the neonatal department at the Sayad Shirazi Hospital in Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran. The in-service training course for neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation was conducted in two separate groups across consecutive days, following the latest Heart Association guidelines. Subsequently, an evaluation was conducted across four levels: knowledge, learning, behavior, and performance. After calculating the coefficients for each level, the resulting figures were compared with the successful rehabilitation index. A total of 30 nurses were participants in the research. In the initial level, nurses' satisfaction with the course conditions significantly increased from 56.26 to 93.76 out of 100 points post-intervention (P&lt;0.01) as per the paired t-test. Moving to the second level, there was a substantial improvement in learning scores, rising from 13.12 (SD=2.82) before the intervention to 16.32 (SD=2.21) after (P&lt;0.01). At the third level, behavior scores increased from 32.19 to 47.80 after accounting for a factor of 3, showing significant improvement (P&lt;0.01). For the fourth level, the successful resuscitation rate increased from 50% to a calculated score of 200.2 after applying a coefficient of 4 (P&lt;0.01). Combining these levels and considering coefficients, the overall effectiveness of the course was calculated at 69.86%. In sum, the study revealed suboptimal effectiveness in the newborn cardiopulmonary resuscitation training course. Consequently, nursing education system managers and practitioners should delve into the impediments and factors influencing this course.

Public perception and willingness towards bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training and performance in Pakistan

Background/Aim: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during out of-hospital cardiac arrest increases both survival rates and neurological recovery, but in Pakistan, an alarmingly low 2.3 % of these individuals receive bystander CPR. This study was designed to identify the reasons that affect the perception and willingness of the public toward bystander CPR training and performance in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A CPR master trainer from the USA visited various organisations from 1 December 2022 to 31 January 2023, to conduct training sessions. Before and after the training, a questionnaire was distributed among respondents to fill in. The subjects were asked to answer questions about their perception and willingness to perform bystander CPR. Results: Out of 401 participants, 240 completed the survey, with a response rate of 59.85 %. The majority of them were males [146 (60.8 %)], 215 (89.6 %) were below the age of 40, 107 (44.6 %) were graduated, 182 (75.8 %) never participated in any CPR training, mainly due to their ignorance towards the importance of bystander CPR (52.8 %) and 152 (63.3 %) were eager to participate in the CPR training course. Furthermore, the leading problem in providing bystander CPR was lack of technique or fear of possible harm that can be proved fatal (48.8 %), followed by concerns related to involvement in any legal procedure (10.0 %). Conclusions: Bystander CPR is still uncommon in Pakistan. Participants were reluctant to perform bystander CPR because of various concerns and fears. Lack of proper skill and causing additional harm were the main reasons associated with this. Hence, while improving CPR training and public education, these findings must be considered.

The dramatic increase in sudden cardiac deaths and the alarming low survival: A global call to action to improve outcome with the engagement of tertiary education system.

The number of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, cause of disability and death, has dramatically increased worldwide, but despite the progress, the incidence of survival does not appear to have increased significantly. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains the principal factor in saving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims. Analyzing the immense efforts produced by states and professional organizations to train people in CPR skills for immediate intervention in the occurrence of a cardiac arrest, the primary global strategy is centered on CPR education and training for schoolchildren. But the rate of CPR training remains low, with wide differences among communities. The concept of CPR training for schoolchildren to increase bystander CPR rates needs to be implemented. We suggest a global call to action for the tertiary education system for CPR learning and training, including all undergraduate students regardless of the degree course, as a possible method to improve the traditional CPR training today centered on the secondary education system. Extending CPR training courses to the university educational system could significantly increase the number of people educated in life-saving maneuvers. The final objective is to improve the survival rate of patients with out-of-hospital primary cardiac arrest, which has dramatically increased worldwide.

Abstract 308: Efficacy Of Distance Learning For Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training Utilizing Smartphone App And Mannikin Delivery-collection System

Aim of the study: Effective CPR training is important for provision of high-quality bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, the COVID-19 pandemic has hindered conventional face-to-face CPR training. To overcome the limitation, we developed a distance learning CPR training course (HEROS-Remote) that utilized a smartphone app and a delivery-collection system for CPR training manikins. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the HEROS-Remote course by comparing chest compression quality between trainees who participated in the conventional CPR training (C-training) and HEROS-Remote course (R-training). Methods: The non-inferiority trial included adult nonhealthcare providers who applied for CPR training. Both groups underwent 2-minute post-training chest compression test followed by course survey on trainees’ course and delivery system satisfaction. The primary outcome of the study was mean chest compression depth during the 2-minute post-training test. Results: A total of 180 trainees were enrolled with 90 trainees for each training group. There was no statistically significant difference in chest compression depth between R-training and C-training groups (67.4 vs. 67.8, p=0.78) as well as proportion of adequate chest compression depth, chest compression rate, proportion of chest compressions with complete chest recoil and chest compression score (90.8 vs. 92.1, p=0.69; 110.8 vs. 110.4, p=0.60; 89.8 vs. 94.7, p=0.05; 92.7 vs. 95.5, p=0.16, respectively). In the R-training group, 90.0% of the trainees were satisfied with the course, 96% responded that the delivery system was satisfactory and convenient. Conclusion: The R-training course was noninferior to the C-training course. The distance learning CPR training method utilizing smartphone app and mannikin delivery-collection system had high user satisfaction and was logistically feasible.

Development of an accessible CPR device to improve outcomes for Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) are a relatively common cause of death with 350,000 people suffering from an OHCA and only 12% of patients surviving said incidents. Though biological factors significantly affect heart attack outcomes, environmental factors such as socioeconomic status (SES) disproportionately affect much of the population, and especially minority groups. Especially in an environment with inadequate medical infrastructure, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be the only means of saving a patient’s life in the event of an OHCA. Currently, CPR training courses and automated external defibrillators (AED) serve as solutions to combat OHCA and achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), yet they are quite limited in their accessibility, cost being a significant contributing factor to this issue. Though CPR training courses are an essential resource for the general public, populations with lower SES lack resources and access to these courses, let alone equipment such as AEDs. Additionally, AEDs lack true mobility due to their size, weight, and maintenance. This paper proposes a design of a novel, inexpensive, and portable device that may be able to appropriately guide bystanders, regardless of previous training, to perform the CPR possible on an OHCA patient, providing prospects of anybody with the ability to significantly increase the survival rate of OHCAs, regardless of SES. Working on the principles of accelerometry and metronome usage, this device can provide feedback based on compression rate and depth for improvement. Future research should focus on testing the feasibility and efficacy of the individual functions of the device.

Attitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation situations and associations with potential influencing factors-A survey among in-hospital healthcare professionals.

IntroductionAttitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among in-hospital healthcare professionals (HCPs) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate attitudes towards CPR situations among in-hospital HCPs and assess associations with potential influencing factors.Materials and methodsA questionnaire was distributed to 3,085 HCPs in 2009 and 2,970 HCPs in 2015–2016. The associations of influencing factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression.ResultsIn the event of a possible cardiac arrest situation, 61% of the HCPs would feel confident in their CPR knowledge, 86% would know what to do, and 60% would be able to take command if necessary. In the latest real-life CPR situation, 30% had been worried about making mistakes or causing complications, 57% had been stressed, and 27% had been anxious. A short time since the latest real-life CPR performance and a high number of previous real-life CPR performances were associated with lower odds of worrying about making mistakes/causing complications, lower odds of feeling stressed or anxious, and higher odds of feeling calm. Regardless of previous real-life CPR experience, there were differences in attitudes between groups of professions, where physicians showed increased odds of worrying about making mistakes/causing complications and nurses showed increased odds of stress. Working on a non-monitored ward meant increased odds of stress and worrying about making mistakes/causing complications. Twelve months or more having passed since the latest CPR training course was associated with increased odds of anxiety.ConclusionsDespite HCPs’ generally positive attitudes towards performing CPR in the event of a possible cardiac arrest situation, feelings of stress and anxiety were common in real-life CPR situations. Regular CPR training among all HCPs is a key factor to maintain competence and reduce anxiety. The possible effects of attitudes on performing CPR need to be studied further.

Training prevalence, knowledge and attitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a survey amongst 5,921 preschool and school teachers

Abstract Purpose Preschool and school teachers could play an important role both in training children in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and in providing necessary help in case of witnessing an emergency. This study aimed to investigate prevalence of CPR training, CPR knowledge, attitudes and willingness to perform CPR among preschool and school teachers in the territory of the Republic of Crimea, in the northern Black Sea region. Methods An anonymous online questionnaire survey was conducted in February–March 2021 utilizing Google Forms. In particular, the participants were asked to rate their knowledge of CPR and willingness to perform CPR (on a stranger, a pupil or a loved one) on a 5-point scale, and to indicate recommended chest compression rate and hand position for compressions. Results Out of 5,921 surveyed teachers, 3,765 (64%) reported previous CPR training. Among the trained, 55% attended training more than one year ago, 44% completed a CPR training course once. Reasons for not being trained were most commonly reported as “never thought about the need to go for training” (42%), “nobody demanded me to get trained” (38%) or “did not know where to attend the training” (21%). Self-perceived knowledge of CPR was rated as follows: very good – 0.4%, good – 7.8%, moderate – 37.8%, poor – 44.6%, absent – 9.4%. Hand position for giving chest compressions was indicated correctly by 66% participants, compression rate – by 16% respondents. Correct answering to the questions and higher self-perceived knowledge were associated with previous CPR training (p&amp;lt;0.001). 54% reported they wish to get trained in CPR. 28% confirmed readiness to teach CPR as part of their extracurricular work (provided that they will get preliminary training, and upon availability of proper training supplies and instructional program). Proportion of respondents who expressed high willingness to attempt CPR (4–5 points) on a stranger, a pupil or a loved one amounted to 35%, 41% and 64%, respectively, mean level or readiness to perform CPR – 3.0, 3.1 and 3.8 points, respectively. Willingness to perform CPR was positively associated with previous CPR training and level of CPR knowledge (p&amp;lt;0.001). Fear to cause harm to a victim and lack of CPR knowledge and skills were most commonly reported as the strongest barriers to attempt CPR (reported by 49–51% and 31–36% respondents, respectively, depending on the type of supposed victim). Conclusions Coverage of the preschool and school teachers with recent CPR training is limited, levels of knowledge and self-confidence in CPR are generally low. Lack of competence impede readiness of the teachers to attempt CPR. There is a demand in enhancing involvement of teachers in CPR training and retraining in the Republic of Crimea. Most teachers want to get trained in CPR, and almost one third agree to teach CPR themselves, suggesting a reasonable way to improve availability of CPR training for both teachers and pupils. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Knowledge of non-healthcare individuals towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a cross-sectional study in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

BackgroundMost sudden cardiac arrests occur at home, with low rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation being performed. We aimed to assess knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among individuals in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, who are not involved in health care.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and February 2020 in 4 different areas in Riyadh City: North, South, East, and West. The participants were surveyed using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 was used for inferential statistics and binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 856 participants completed the questionnaire, 51.8% were unaware of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Only 4.4% of the participants had attended a formal cardiopulmonary resuscitation training course, 5.1% were campaign attendees, and 38.7% acquired their experience through the media. Having a higher level of education was positively associated with having knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The main concern among attendees of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training courses and campaigns was legal issues, whereas inadequate knowledge was the major barrier for those who had learned about cardiopulmonary resuscitation through the media.ConclusionThe level of knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among non-health care individuals in Riyadh City was found to be insufficient. Therefore, coordinated efforts among different authorities should be considered to implement a structured strategy aiming to increase awareness and knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among non-health care individuals.

A follow‐up report on the effect of a simplified basic life support training program for non‐medical staff working at a university hospital: changes in attitude toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator use through repeat training

This study aimed to investigate the effect of repeat training and the interval of reattending a simplified basic life support (BLS) training course. We administered a questionnaire on the attitude toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use (check for response, chest compression, and using an AED) before and immediately after a 45-min BLS training program provided for non-medical staff working at a university hospital from September 2010 to November 2018. The main outcome was positive willingness of the participants toward CPR and AED use. The effect of repeat training was assessed with McNemar's test and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Differences in the interval of reattending the simplified BLS training course were assessed with Fisher's exact test. Fifty-nine training courses were held. Among the total participant count of 1,025, 760 individuals attended, of whom 126 attended the training multiple times. The proportion of participants showing a positive attitude toward chest compression before the course increased as the number of attendances increased (adjusted odds ratio 1.62: 9.8% at first training to 58.8% at sixth training). The positive attitude of participants before the course was significantly greater when the training interval was <1year (36.1% versus 18.7%). There was no significant difference for a 6-month interval (40% versus 23.2%). Repeat training for non-medical staff in a chest compression-only CPR training course showed a cumulative effect of repeat attendance. A course interval of <1year from the previous attendance would be important for maintaining a positive attitude toward CPR and AED use.

A survey of emergency medical services personnel who attended the neonatal cardio-pulmonary resuscitation training course

A survey of emergency medical services personnel who attended the neonatal cardio-pulmonary resuscitation training course

Abstract 293: CPR And AED for Layperson Initiative in a Place of Worship

Background: Lack of recognition of cardiac arrest leads to almost 100% of deaths outside the hospital. Therefore, sudden cardiac arrest management in out-of-hospital setting by laypeople is paramount. Early implementation of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of Automated Eternal Defibrillator (AED) have significantly improved chances of survival. Anyone can save lives and reduce sequelae in sudden cardiac arrest situations if they have the ability to perform CPR and use AED. Nonetheless, laypeople’s knowledge of CPR and AED has been little investigated in Indonesia. Method: This study is aimed to explore laypeople’s knowledge, possible barriers and interest regarding CPR-AED. This 2-hour CPR-AED for layperson certification course, comprises instructional presentation and video demo followed by a hands-on practice sequence on how to call EMS 119, perform hands-only CPR, and use an AED. As we conducted in a church, they would understand how important it is to be prepared for every situation that might arise. We collected questionnaires received from laypersons attending CPR and AED training course. Result: Of 105 worshippers, only 57 were willing to take the class after Sunday service; 27 (47.37%) were male and 30 (52.63%) were female. The age was ranged from 18 to 76, with average of 49 years old. Less than one tenth of the respondents (n = 51, 89.47%) had never attended a CPR-AED course before. Nearly the whole sample considered the knowledge of CPR-AED important, most of the respondents (n=55, 96.49%) showed a willingness to perform CPR and 54 (94.74%) for AED. The average of correct answers was 80.35%. This value was higher among subjects with higher level of education (85.24%) and lesser among those who reported previous training in CPR-AED (76.67% ± 17.8%). Discussion: Laypeople recognized their role in the immediate care given to victims of sudden cardiac arrest situations and had a positive attitude toward CPR, but previous inadequate knowledge and training were found. Maintaining better knowledge and skills retention, regular and refresher training for community are recommended. Teaching CPR-AED in a place of worship is an effective way to develop readiness of laypeople ready for such emergency situation.

Knowledge and attitude towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation among Saudi population

Background: Cardiac and respiratory arrest is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate response as it can lead to death or serious damage to brain cells, if emergency help is not provided. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is the most important action can be performed by bystanders to improve the survival. Aim: To assess the knowledge of laypersons trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and their willingness to resuscitate people who arrest outside healthcare facilities.Method: This is a cross sectional study conducted at 3 regions in Saudi Arabia on laypersons. The study was conducted using self-administrated questionnaire.Results: The study included 55 layperson who attended CPR training, 72.7% of them received it during the period from 2011 to 2017. Around half of the participants (52.4%) thought that they don’t need to apply what they learned in the CPR training courses. More than half of them (58.2%) would call the ambulance if they encounter Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest, while only 18.2% would start CPR. Obliging students and employees to receive the CPR training was the preferred methods by participants to increase the awareness about managing OHCA cases (56.4% and 21.8%, respectively).Conclusion: The attitude of laypersons was low toward performing CPR, which might be due to insufficient training, lack of practical training or other factors that should be investigated in further studies.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of In-Service Training Based on the Kirkpatrick Model: A Case Study of a Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Course for Nurses in Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran

Background Training of human resources, especially nurses, is a profitable investment for hospitals with major economic return if properly planned and implemented. Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) course as an in-service training program, based on the Kirkpatrick model. Methods This interventional study was conducted at Afzalipour Hospital of Kerman, Iran from October 2014 to May 2015. The study sample consisted of 45 nurses, including 20 nurses in the case group and 25 nurses in the control group. The case group participated in a four-hour CPR training workshop. The Kirkpatrick model was used to determine the effectiveness of the CPR course. Data were collected using three questionnaires and hospital records. Results The participants were satisfied with the training course, and a significant difference was observed in the mean score of three intervals of learning levels evaluation (P < 0.0001). Based on the findings, CPR training affected the learning level of nurses from the case group; however, the average learning score was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.26). In addition, the difference in the mean score of behavior level was not significant before and after training (P = 0.91). The results of Chi-square test also showed that CPR training did not affect the forth level (P = 0.54). Finally, the overall effectiveness of the CPR training course was estimated at 32.51%. Conclusions This study indicated that effectiveness of in-service training is not at a desirable level. Since organizations allocate a lot of their resources to such training courses every year, it is essential to reconsider planning and implementation processes.

Knowledge and experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among cardiologists in clinical practice: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the theoretical knowledge and clinical experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among Turkish cardiologists according to the recommendations of the 2015 European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines.Methods:A total of 120 cardiologists from 14 different medical centers (six university and eight research-education hospitals) in İstanbul were included in the study. The questionnaire consisting of 29 open-ended and multiple choice questions on CPR was used and validated based on the ERC guidelines published in 2015. The percentage of correct answers was calculated for each participant.Results:Of the 120 cardiologists included in this study, 108 (90%) accepted the participation, and the median percentage of correct answers for theoretical questions was 53% (38-72). The percentage of correct answers for interventional cardiologists (48%, n=52) was significantly higher [60% (50–66) vs. 46% (38-52), p<0.001]. Regarding the type of medical centers, no statictical difference was found in terms of theoretical knowledge on CPR [57% (50-72) university hospitals vs. 49% (41-57) research-education hospitals, p=0.160). Peri-arrest transthoracic echocardiography was used in 71% of cases. The ratio of participants who had received an advanced cardiac life support course in the preceding year was only 19% (n=20), and those participants had a significantly higher score regarding the CPR theoretical knowledge questions [68% (54-70) vs. 46% (38-51), p<0.001].Conclusion:The theoretical knowledge of cardiologists on CPR is not satisfactory according to the 2015 ERC guidelines. An increased frequency of CPR training courses may improve this result.

Evaluation of knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Tîrgu Mures

Abstract Early recognition and intervention in sudden cardiac arrest is crucial for survival. The majority of these cases happen at the victims’ home or in public places, and the first person to act is usually a bystander. The purpose of this study was to assess and to compare bystander’s and third-year medical students’ (who attended first aid courses and training as first year students) knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Tîrgu Mureş. Material and methods: We used a questionnaire, which included 28 questions and was filled in voluntarily by 335 people. We investigated previous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) experience, willingness to help in an emergency situation and basic knowledge about CPR techniques. Results: Only 15% of bystanders were trained in CPR. The majority (94%) of them knew when they have to resuscitate a person and the correct position the person be in. The location of chest compressions was known by 39% of bystanders and by 78% of third-year medical students, the exact rate of chest compressions by 14% of bystanders and by 66% of medical students. 49% of bystanders had driving license, and even though first aid training was required at driving school, their knowledge was barely better than those who did not have one. Conclusions: Bystander’s knowledge on cardiopulmonary resuscitation is generally poor. To improve it, CPR training courses are needed in the community.

Effect of introducing a feedback device during adult and infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation training: A ‘before and after’ study

Objective: This study aimed to verify the effect of introducing a feedback device during adult and infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Methods: A feedback device was introduced in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation training course of our medical school in the middle of the last semester. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation training course consisted of 2 h of instructor-led cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and 1 h of self-practice time. All students should complete the adult and infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation skill tests just after the course. Each test consisted of five cycles of single-rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A feedback device was introduced only in the self-practice session. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation parameters of the skill tests before ( n = 40) and after ( n = 39) introducing the feedback device were analysed. Results: The ratios of correct rate significantly increased after introducing the feedback device in both the skill tests (adult test: 58.5 ± 37.2 vs 85.5 ± 21.4, p = 0.001; infant test: 55.0 ± 32.4 vs 80.2 ± 20.7, p = 0.001). Although the average depths did not significantly differ between those before and after introducing the feedback device in the adult test (58.4 ± 4.0 mm vs 59.0 ± 3.7 mm, p = 0.341), it increased significantly after introducing the feedback device in the infant test (38.3 ± 4.3 mm vs 40.8 ± 1.1 mm, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Introducing a feedback device might have enhanced the accuracies of compression rate in adult and infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. However, the potential positive effect on chest compression depth was limited to infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation training.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for undergraduates from nonmedical majors: Effectiveness of the three tiers model.

Integrating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in undergraduate education would help to increase the rate of bystander CPR. However, few qualified trainers are available for this purpose. Training student nurses to become CPR trainers on campus could reduce this shortage. The purposes of this study were to assess CPR skills of students from nonmedical majors and to examine the effectiveness of the three tiers model for CPR training. One public university in Jordan. Student nurses and undergraduates from nonmedical majors. Five student nurses attended CPR training courses based on the American Heart Association CPR guidelines. The trainees provided the same CPR training to a sample of 197 undergraduates from nonmedical majors. The participants were asked to imagine a real-life scenario of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest and to perform CPR on a manikin. Assessment of skills was made before and after training, using a structured observational checklist. In the pretest, participants showed poor CPR skills with a pass rate of only 4%. In the posttest, participants demonstrated significant improvement: t(196) = 26.78, P = 0.00. The three tiers model for CPR training would be an effective strategy to compensate for the shortage in the number of certified CPR trainers.