Carcinoma In Men Research Articles

5α-reductase inhibitors with or without alpha-blockers and risk of incident upper tract urothelial carcinoma in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Analysis of US insurance claims data

BackgroundIncreasing data suggests that androgen receptor signaling may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of urothelial cancers. While the chemoprotective effect of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARi) on bladder cancer risk in men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) has been explored with conflicting results, the evidence regarding 5-ARi treatment, and the risk of incident Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC) development is lacking. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the impact of the 5-ARi administration on the incidence of new UTUC cases using a large US database. MethodsThe MerativeTM Marketscan® database was used to identify men ≥ 50 years old with a diagnosis of BPH and an active 5-ARi prescription between 2007 and 2021 and were subsequently matched with paired controls. A multivariable Cox regression model was implemented to ascertain the association of 5-ARi and/or alpha-blocker (α-B) medications on the incidence of UTUC. Additional subgroup analyses were conducted based on exposure risk (with a 2-year threshold) to investigate the relationship between 5-ARi and UTUC over time. ResultsOverall, n=1,103,743 men BPH without prescriptions for BPH, n=31,142 men on 5-ARi, and n=160,049 using 5-ARi + α-B were identified. Over the follow-up period, a total of n=4,761 patients were diagnosed with UTUC. After matching, UTUC incidence ranged from 0.36% to 0.41% in men without active BPH therapy vs. 0.30% and 0.52% for the 5-ARi and 5-ARi + α-B groups, respectively. In multivariable analysis, the chemoprotective effect on UTUC risk was not observed for either 5-ARi monotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.58–1.44) or 5-ARi + α-B combination (aHR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.87–1.19). This remained true for both short-term (≤ 2 years) and long-term (> 2 years) follow-up periods. ConclusionsThe use of 5-ARi for BPH, whether used alone or in combination with α-B, is not associated with incident UTUC.

A Rare Malignancy; Primary Peritoneal Serous Carcinoma in Men with 18F-FDG PET/CT and Histopathology

A Rare Malignancy; Primary Peritoneal Serous Carcinoma in Men with 18F-FDG PET/CT and Histopathology

Testosterone, β-estradiol, and hepatocellular carcinoma: stimulation or inhibition? A comparative effect analysis on cell cycle, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling of HepG2 cells.

Unlike breast and prostate cancers, which are specifically affected by estrogens or androgens, hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported to be influenced by both sex hormones. Given the coincidental differences of hepatocellular carcinoma in men and women, we investigated the effects of β-estradiol and testosterone on the cell cycle, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma to understand the sex hormone-related etiology. To determine the effective concentration of both hormones, an MTT assay was performed. The effects of β-estradiol and testosterone on cell proliferation and death were evaluated by specific staining and flow cytometry. In addition, gene expression levels of estimated factors involved in GPC3-Wnt survival signaling were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Both hormones inhibited hepatic cell proliferation through arresting the cell cycle at S/G2 and increased the apoptosis rate in HepG2 cells. Both hormones dose-dependently decreased GPC3, Wnt, and DVL expression levels as activators of the Wnt-signaling pathway. In the case of Wnt-signaling inhibitors, the effects of both hormones on WIF were negligible, but they increased DKK1 levels in a dose-dependent manner. In each of the effects mentioned above, β-estradiol was notably more potent than testosterone. In contrast to the primary hypothesis of the project, in which testosterone was considered a stimulating carcinogenic factor in HCC pathogenesis, testosterone inhibited the occurrence of HCC similarly to β-estradiol. However, this inhibitory effect was weaker than that of β-estradiol and requires further study.

Circulating endogenous sex steroids and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in men and women.

Thyroid cancer (TC) is substantially more common in women than in men, pointing to a possible role of sex steroid hormones. We investigated the association between circulating sex steroid hormones, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and the risk of differentiated TC in men and women within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort. During follow-up, we identified 333 first primary incident cases of differentiated TC (152 in pre/peri-menopausal women, 111 in post-menopausal women, and 70 in men) and 706 cancer-free controls. Women taking exogenous hormones at blood donation were excluded. Plasma concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, estrone and progesterone (in pre-menopausal women only) were performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method. SHBG concentrations were measured by immunoassay. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models adjusted for possible confounders. No significant associations were observed in men and postmenopausal women, while a borderline significant increase in differentiated TC risk was observed with increasing testosterone (adjusted OR T3 vs T1: 1.68, 95% CI: 0.96-2.92, ptrend = .06) and androstenedione concentrations in pre/perimenopausal women (adjusted OR T3 vs T1: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.96-3.30, ptrend = .06, respectively). A borderline decrease in risk was observed for the highest progesterone/estradiol ratio (adjusted OR T3 vs T1: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.28-1.05, ptrend = .07). Overall, our results do not support a major role of circulating sex steroids in the etiology of differentiated TC in post-menopausal women and men but may suggest an involvement of altered sex steroid production in pre-menopausal women.

Long-read sequencing of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma tumors reveal diverse patterns of high-risk Human Papillomavirus integration.

In North America and in most European countries, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for over 70% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. The burden of OPSCC, in high-income countries, has been steadily increasing over the past 20 years. As a result, in the USA and in the UK, the burden of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in men has now surpassed that of cervical cancer in women. However, the oncogenic impact of high-risk HPV integration in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas hasn't been extensively studied. The present study aimed to explore the patterns of HPV integration in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and to assess the feasibility and reliability of long-read sequencing technology in detecting viral integration events in oropharyngeal head and neck cancers. A cohort of eight HPV-positive OPSCC pre-treatment patient tumors (four males and four females), were selected. All patients received a p16INK4A positive OPSCC diagnosis and were treated at the McGill University Health Centre, a quaternary center in Montreal. A minimum of 20mg of tumor tissue was used for DNA extraction. Extracted DNA was subjected to Nanopore long-read sequencing to detect and analyze for the presence of high-risk HPV sequences. PCR and Sanger sequencing experiments were performed to confirm Nanopore long-read sequencing readings. Nanopore long-read sequencing showed that seven out of eight patient samples displayed either integrated or episomal high-risk HPV sequences. Out of these seven samples, four displayed verifiable integration events upon bioinformatic analysis. Integration confirmation experiments were designed for all four samples using PCR-based methods. Sanger sequencing was also performed. Four distinct HPV integration patterns were identified: concatemer chromosomal integration in a single chromosome, bi-chromosomal concatemer integration, single chromosome complete integration and bi-chromosomal complete integration. HPV concatemer integration also proved more common than full HPV integration events. Long-read sequencing technologies can be effectively used to assess HPV integration patterns in OPSCC tumors. Clinically, more research should be conducted on the prognostication value of high-risk HPV integration in OPSCC tumors using long-read sequencing technology.

Outlook of Gleason score in prostate carcinoma and correlation with PSA levels: A study in a tertiary care hospital.

In India, prostate carcinoma is the fifth most common cause of carcinoma in men, and the fourth in cancer mortality. Incidence of prostate malignancy is increasing in India by one percent every year. Prostate carcinoma is graded using the Gleason scoring system. The Gleason score is very useful for predicting the prognosis of prostate carcinoma. The collaborative use of clinical features, combined with the size of the prostate, prostate-specific antigen levels, and histopathological features helps in making an accurate and early diagnosis of the patients. This present prospective study included all histologically proven cases of prostate carcinoma in the Department of Pathology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical Hospital over a period of one year. A detailed histopathological examination of the H and E stained sections is carried out under light microscope including histological typing, Gleason scoring and grading. The Gleason grade was correlated with serum PSA levels. Out of 80 cases, 28 (35%) were reported as Gleason grade group 3 with a Gleason score of 7 (4 + 3). 12 cases (15%) showed a Gleason grade group 2 with a Gleason score of 7 (3 + 4). Grade group 4 (Gleason score 8) and grade group 5 were observed in 22 cases (27.5%) and 18 cases (22.5%), respectively. Whereas, no case of Gleason grade group 1 with Gleason score of 6 (3 + 3) was seen. Gleason's Group Grade 3 outnumbered all the group grades, contributing 35% (28 cases) of the total cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Serum PSA levels were raised (>10 ng/ml) in 100% of cases. Henceforth, it signifies the importance of serum PSA levels in prostate carcinoma. Lymphovascular invasion was associated with higher group grade of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

The role of obesity in patients with renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignant neoplasms of the genitourinary system. Along with smoking and hereditary syndromes associated with mutations in the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, obesity is one of the main risk factors for the development of renal cell carcinoma. Emerging data indicate a causal relationship between obesity and development of renal cell carcinoma. In a large study within the framework of the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer project, clinical data on blood pressure, body mass index, blood glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides were collected in 560,388 people. Individually, high glucose and triglyceride levels, as well as high body mass index and blood pressure, correlated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma in men, while only body mass index had a significant correlation in women.

Incidence trends and spatial distributions of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in Taiwan. After Taiwan implemented the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act in 1997, smoking rates declined. However, the incidence rates of lung cancer for both sexes are still increasing, possibly due to risk factors other than smoking. We used age–period–cohort analysis to examine the secular trends of lung cancer incidence rates by histological type in Taiwan. A stabilized kriging method was employed to map these lung cancer incidence rates. Lung adenocarcinoma incidence rates increased, but lung squamous cell carcinoma incidence rates decreased, for both the sexes in recent birth cohorts, particularly in women. In Taiwan, the hotspots of lung adenocarcinoma incidence rates were in the northern, northeastern, and western coastal areas; the incidence rates increased rapidly in the western and southern coastal regions and southern mountainous regions. The high incidence rates of lung squamous cell carcinoma in men were in the southwestern and northeastern coastal areas. The incidence rates rapidly increased in the central and southern coastal and mountainous regions. For both sexes in Taiwan, lung squamous cell carcinoma incidence rates declined from 1997 to 2017, but lung adenocarcinoma increased. The increased incidence rates of lung adenocarcinoma may be related to indoor and outdoor air pollution. Some areas in Taiwan have increasing lung cancer incidence rates, including the northwestern and southern coasts and mountains, and warrant particular attention.

Interaction between blood pressure and genetic risk score for bladder cancer, and risk of urothelial carcinoma in men

There is substantial genetic predisposition to bladder cancer (BC). Recently, blood pressure (BP) was positively associated with BC risk in men, but the potential interaction with genetic susceptibility for BC is unknown. We investigated a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) of 18 BC genetic variants, BP, and their interaction, in relation to incident urothelial cancer (UC, n = 385) risk in 10,576 men. We used Cox regression, the likelihood ratio test, and the relative excess risk for interaction to calculate hazard ratios (HR) of UC, multiplicative interaction and additive interaction respectively. There was evidence of a positive additive interaction between SBP and the wGRS in relation to aggressive (P = 0.02) but not non-aggressive (P = 0.60) UC. The HR of aggressive UC was for SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and the upper 50% of the wGRS combined 1.72 (95% CI 1.03–2.87) compared to the counterpart group. Additionally, the 20-year risk of aggressive UC in 60 year-old men was 0.78% in the low SBP/low wGRS group and 1.33% in the high SBP/high wGRS group. Our findings support a potential additive interaction between the wGRS and SBP on aggressive UC among men. If replicated, the findings on interaction may provide biological and public health insight to prevent aggressive UC.

Unusual histomorphological spectrum of urinary bladder cancers and their treatment modalities revisited: Our experience with series of five cases.

Urinary bladder cancer is the eighth-most frequent carcinoma in men, commonly occurs in elderly male. Major risk factors are smoking, chronic cystitis, urinary stones. The most common histologic variant of bladder cancer is urothelial carcinoma (UC), but certain variants are unusual yet aggressive for which there is no consensus guideline of therapy. Those entities include neuroendocrine tumors both primary and metastatic, squamous cell carcinoma, and sarcomatoid carcinoma. Neuroendocrine tumors comprise carcinoid, small-cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma. The present study is undertaken to highlight certain biological features of these unusual aggressive histological forms of bladder carcinoma and their recent treatment modality to prevent recurrence, metastasis, upgrading of tumor stage, and enable surprisingly complete remission. This piece of hospital-based perspective study was done from June 2018 to May 2020. Both transurethral resection of bladder tumor and cystectomy surgical samples of the symptomatic patients were collected from the urology department of our institute along with demographic data. Then processed, stained in both routine H and E stain and immunohistochemical stains (Immunohistochemistry [IHC]) like PanCK, NSE, synaptophysin, chromogranin, etc. Total number of bladder cancer encountered was 42 cases; of these five rare variants were observed, i.e., one case each of primary and secondary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, one large cell carcinoma, one squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and one case of sarcomatoid carcinoma. Histomorphology with IHC conferred the diagnosis then multimodality therapy (neoadjuvant/radiotherapy/surgery) was installed and followed up. The unconventional forms of UC can be easily diagnosed by histomorphology and can have better survival with the help of the recent multimodal treatment approach.

A rare case report on cancer en Cuirasse of male breast

Breast carcinoma in men represents approximately 1% of all breast cancers and 1% of all malignancies in men. The incidence of male breast cancer appears to be increasing. The risk increases with age, and the median age of diagnosis for men is later than that for women. There are several known risk factors for male breast carcinoma, including genetic predisposition, prior radiation exposure, alterations of the estrogen- testosterone ratio, and occupational hazards. 62 year old male came with chief complaints of papulonodular lesion over both breast which is progressive for the past one year associated with pain, itching and bloody discharge. Bilateral axilla on palpation had mobile, non tender, hard, multiple nodes in the anterior axillary and central group. FNAC from the node revealed metastatic carcinomatous deposits. Edge biopsy taken from the lesion revealed invasive breast carcinoma-no special type. Cutaneous metastasis is a phenomenon that results from a tumor spreading via lymphatic or vascular embolization, direct implant during surgery or skin involvement by contiguity. The primary malignant tumor that most commonly metastasizes to the skin is breast cancer, which can be manifested through papulonodular lesions, satellite nodules, erysipeloid or sclerodermiform infiltration, en cuirasse.

Clinical and histopathological pattern of lung cancer in Morocco.

lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. This study aimed to provide an overview of the epidemiology of primary lung cancer in Morocco. The distribution of histological subtypes by sex and smoking status was also assessed. this was a retrospective and descriptive study using medical records of patients with primary lung cancer, diagnosed at two university hospitals in Morocco between 2014 and 2017. a total of 606 patients (average age = 58.5 ± 10.64 years, men = 521) were included. Four hundred and forty-three men had a history of smoking against sex women. Most patients (85.68%) had respiratory symptoms at diagnosis. Over half of patients (53.03%) had a performance status <2 and 38.94% had at least another pulmonary disease at presentation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tuberculosis were present in 23.43% and 18% of patients, respectively. The majority (72.27%) of men practiced an occupation associated with a significant risk of lung cancer. Adenocarcinoma was the main histological type in our series with 60.40%. Most (79.55%) patients were diagnosed at stage IV. Only 7.83% of patients benefited from surgery. The distribution of histological subtypes by sex and smoking habits showed that adenocarcinoma was more frequent in women (p=0.011), and squamous cell carcinoma in men (p=0.014). No differences between smokers and non-smokers were noted. our results showed a decrease in the age of diagnosis and a late stage of the disease. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histological type.

Downregulation of SEPTIN5 inhibits prostate cancer progression by increasing CD8+ T cell infiltration.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common carcinomas in men, and aberrant expression of SEPTIN5 (SEPT5) has been detected in PCa tissues. However, the role of SEPT5 in PCa is still unclear. In this study, we attempted to explore the expression changes, clinical relevance and immunomodulatory function of SEPT5 in PCa. Methods: The expression and clinical significance of SEPT5 were evaluated based on bioinformatic analysis and were verified by western blotting, real time PCR and IHC. Allograft mouse models were used to assess the role of SEPT5 on PCa tumour formation and immunomodulatory function. Mass cytometry and IHC were used to determine the effects of SEPT5 on immune cell infiltration, especially CD8+ T cell infiltration. Correlations between SEPT5 expression and cytokine gene expression were analyzed based on TCGA and DKFZ datasets. RNA-seq and chemokine array were performed to confirm the effects of SEPT5 on cytokine production. Results: High SEPT5 expression was found in PCa and was associated with PCa prognosis. Importantly, downregulation of SEPT5 inhibited PCa progression in vivo. In addition, SEPT5 expression was negatively correlated with immune infiltrating cell levels, chemokine and cytokine gene expression associated with CD8+ T cell infiltration and activation. Downregulation of SEPT5 increased the proportion of immune cells, especially CD8+ T cells, in tumour tissue. Both the expression of CCL5, CXCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10 and INFGR1 were elevated in mRNA and protein levels after SEPT5 knockdown. Conclusions: In summary, downregulation of SEPT5 inhibited PCa progression, which may be mediated by increasing immune cell infiltration levels, especially CD8+ T cells, by promoting the production of IFNG-inducible chemokines and cytokines expression associated with immune cell infiltration. Our findings suggest that SEPT5 may serve as a prognostic biomarker of PCa and may be a target molecule to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for PCa in the future.

Role of SPDEF gene enhancer and promoter methylation in prostate cancer cell metastasis and therapeutic resistance

Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent carcinoma in men which results in over 30,000 deaths annually in the United States, mostly due to the metastatic castration-resistant (mCRPC) disease. Our previous studies demonstrated that Transcription factor SAM-pointed domain-containing Ets-like factor (SPDEF) inhibits prostate cancer metastasis, in part by promoting luminal differentiation. Decreased SPDEF expression was associated with higher grades of prostate tumors in cell line models and clinical cohorts, with a complete loss of PDEF expression in Neuro-endocrine form of PCa. In the present study we assessed role of epigenetic mechanisms in SPDEF expression during prostate cancer progression. Methods Differential expression analysis of epigenetic writer enzymes were established by obtaining large scale clinical data published on the TCGA database. We used bisulfite sequencing method from assessing promoter and enhancer methylation from various PCa cells lines (LNCaP, PC3, Du-145, and LNCaP-C4-2B). Samples were treated with sodium bisulfite, regions amplified using PCR technique, cloned into pGEM vector using TA cloning technique, and sequenced using M13 reverse primer. Data were quantified using BiQ Analyzer and QUMA tools. To functionally check the role of DNA methylation, cells were treated with 5-aza cytidine (a DNA methyl transferase inhibitor) followed by SPDEF gene expression studies. Results Clinical data analysis revealed a significant differential expression of several epigenetic writers including DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, as well as EZH2 in a large cohort of prostate cancer patients with various Gleason scores. Our Bisulfite sequencing study also revealed that both enhancer and promoter regions of SPDEF gene undergo significant hypermethylation in aggressive cell models compared to local representatives. Moreover, promoter, but not enhancer, showed a higher methylation level in the androgen insensitive cell models compared to sensitive cells; both suggesting an active role of DNA methylation in metastasis and therapy resistance. Consistently, the aggressive cells with lower SPDEF levels were able to recover SPDEF levels following 5-aza Cytidine in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Conclusions Our data point to a key role for epigenetic regulation in suppression of SPDEF in metastatic and therapy resistant PCa, suggesting a potential role for targeting epigenetic pathways in preventing metastasis and overcoming therapy resistance in subsets of PCa patients with loss of SPDEF.

Papillary carcinoma of the male breast in a comparatively young patient: A case report of a rare entity

Breast carcinoma in men is rare and intra-cystic papillary carcinoma of male breast is an extremelyrare entity. Papillary lesions of male breast comprise of the spectrum of lesions ranging from benignintraductal papilloma to intraductal papillary carcinoma and invasive papillary carcinoma. It occursmost commonly in the seventh decade of life and accounts for &lt;1% of all breast malignancies. Thepresent case report is of a comparatively younger, 37 years old male who presented with a mass onlower quadrant (retro-areolar region) of the left breast.

Analysis of Alpha Fetoprotein Levels in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in West Sumatera, Indonesia.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor derived from hepatocyte cells including primary malignant epithelial tumors. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and events are expected to increase in the future and the incidence of HCC will continue to increase until 2030. Early detection of HCC is very important to improve prognosis and long-term survival. late detection of HCC and lack of care. This study aims to determine serum AFP levels in HCC patients in DR. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. This research is a descriptive study, which consisted of 30 serum samples of HCC patients. The examination method is Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA). In this study, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in men was higher than in women. For both sexes, the incidence of HCC increases with ages between 26-60 years. The increased presence of AFP can alert doctors to the possibility of a diagnosis of HCC.

Elevated testosterone increases risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in men with chronic hepatitis B and diabetes mellitus.

Male sex is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a doubled risk of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We examined the relationship between serum total testosterone and HCC risk in male CHB patients with DM. We performed a retrospective cohort study of male CHB patients with DM between 2000 and 2017 using a territory-wide electronic health-care database in Hong Kong. DM was defined by use of anti-diabetic medications, hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%, and/or fasting glucose≥7mmol/L in two measurements or ≥11.1mmol/L in one measurement. Of 928 male CHB patients with DM, 83 (8.9%) developed HCC at a median (interquartile range) of 10.7 (6.1-14.6) years. Higher testosterone was associated with an elevated risk of HCC (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] per 1 SD increase 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.46, P=0.024). The upper tertile of testosterone (aHR 1.86, 95% CI 1.02-3.39, P=0.043), but not middle tertile (aHR 0.84, 95% CI 0.41-1.69 P=0.620), was associated with a higher risk of HCC than the lower tertile. The cumulative incidence (95% CI) of HCC at 5, 10, and 15years was 4.4% (2.5-7.2%), 12.4% (8.7-16.7%), and 19.1% (14.2-24.5%), respectively, in patients in the upper tertile of testosterone. By subgroup analysis, the association between testosterone and HCC was stronger in patients aged≥50years and those not receiving antiviral therapy. Higher serum testosterone is associated with a higher incidence of HCC in male CHB patients with DM.

Histopathological spectrum of colorectal carcinomas

Histopathological spectrum of colorectal carcinomas - JDPO- Print ISSN No: - 2581-3714 Online ISSN No:- 2581-3706 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.jdpo.2019.054, IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology-IP J Diagn Pathol Oncol

Tu1491 – Use of Androgen Lowering Medications Finasteride and Dutasteride Do Not Substantially Alter Risk of Incident Hcvrelated Hepatcellular Carcinoma in Men

Tu1491 – Use of Androgen Lowering Medications Finasteride and Dutasteride Do Not Substantially Alter Risk of Incident Hcvrelated Hepatcellular Carcinoma in Men

Rare case of breast apocrine carcinoma in men: diagnostic difficulties and contribution of HER 2

Background: Breast apocrine carcinoma in men is an exceptional form of breast carcinoma. This tumor is frequently characterized by overexpression of HER2 oncoprotein. Our case is very rare and posed diagnostic difficulties. Case presentation: We report an exceptional case of breast apocrine carcinoma in a 53 years old man, diagnosed after axillary biopsy followed by axillary lymph node dissection and left mastectomy. The patient received additional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusion: The oncoprotein HER 2 allowed us to retain the diagnosis of apocrine carcinoma of mammary origin in our patient after discussion of the case in multidisciplinary consultation meeting.