Carbonated Soft Drinks Research Articles

Change in liking following reduction in sweetness level of carbonated beverages: a randomized controlled parallel trial.

Despite recommendations to reduce sweet-tasting foods and beverage consumption, there is limited understanding of our ability to adapt to a less sweet diet and the optimal method for doing so. Thus, we conducted two parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled trials in the USA and Mexico to investigate whether different methods of reducing sweetness could change sweetness preferences. Over 6 months, habitual consumers of full-sugar sweetened (FSS-CSD) or low-calorie sweetened carbonated soft drinks (LCS-CSD) consumed a full sweetness CSD (Control), CSD with gradually decreasing sweetness levels (StepR), and a reduced sweetness test CSD (DirR). The StepR and DirR methods were similarly effective in helping the USA FSS-CSD cohort maintain their preference for reduced-sweetness CSD, without affecting sweetness intensity perception. However, neither method significantly impacted the sweetness intensity perception or preference of the USA LCS-CSD cohort, and the FSS-CSD and LCS-CSD cohorts in Mexico. Nevertheless, participants from both sweetness reduction groups in all cohorts were more willing to purchase reduced sweetness CSD compared to Control, underscoring the potential for consumer acceptance of less sweet beverages regardless of adaptation strategies.This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04609657 and NCT05010408.

Features of the Technology for Producing Potato Drink Concentrate Based on it

We have developed a technology that has no analogues in the world for the production of potato concentrate and a technology for preparing a new original carbonated soft drink based on it. Technology for the production of potato concentrate (from: fresh whole potatoes includes either crushed potatoes, or good-quality dry waste, or good-quality mashed waste) the following technological stages: acceptance of potatoes, washing of tubers, inspection of potatoes, peeling potatoes, boiling potatoes, preparation of amylolytic enzyme preparations, enzymatic hydrolysis (liquefaction and saccharification) of the boiled mass, clarification of the saccharified mass, evaporation, acidification, bottling. The technology for the production of potato drinks includes the following technological steps: water preparation, preparation of sugar syrup, concentrate processing, preparation of a citric acid solution, preparation of spicy aromatic infusions, preparation of color, preparation of a preservative, preparation of blended syrup, bottling of the drink. Promising areas of research in the field of improving the technology for obtaining potato concentrate are: the development of new technological schemes, the optimization of technology for hydroxymethylfurfural and melanoidins, the enzymatic method of enriching potato concentrate with fructose, the development of technologies for obtaining potato concentrate from the waste of the potato starch industry, and the technology of potato drinks is to increase their shelf life.

Associations between soft drinks intake and primary dysmenorrhea among Chinese undergraduate female students

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common global health concern. However, limited studies explored the association between soft drinks intake and PD among female undergraduates in China. To determine the association between soft drinks (carbonated soft drinks, etc.) as well coffee intake and the incidence/severity of PD among female undergraduates in China. We performed a cross-sectional study among 1809 female undergraduates in China from September 29, 2020 to October 22, 2020. The demographic information and menstrual information of the participants were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire. Chi-square test, ANOVA test, and logistic regression test were used to investigate the association between soft drinks intake and the incidence/severity of PD. We also conducted stratification analysis among different locations (rural or urban). The prevalence of PD was 47.1% (n = 852). There were 221 (25.9%) participants suffered from severe pain. In the participants with PD, the OR of carbonated soft drinks intake was 1.244 (95% CI 1.010–1.533). Among the participants with PD from rural areas, the OR of carbonated soft drinks intake was 1.402 (95% CI 1.045–1.881), compared with the non-carbonated soft drink group. In the participants with moderate and severe PD, the OR of coffee intake was 0.451 (95% CI 0.228–0.892), compared with the non-coffee-drinking group. There was a significant association between carbonated soft drinks intake frequency and the severity of PD (P < 0.05). Our study showed that carbonated soft drinks intake is a risk factor for PD, especially in participants from rural areas. Coffee intake is a protective factor for the severity of PD. Periodical awareness programs about adverse effects of excessive soft drink consumption should be introduced to reduce the prevalence and exacerbation of PD. Coffee intake might be helpful to relieve the severity of PD.

Exploring consumer perception and preference factors influencing carbonated beverage purchase decisions: A comprehensive study

Carbonated soft drinks (CSDs) have long been a mainstay of the beverage business but changing consumer tastes and rising health awareness have necessitated a thorough study of the variables impacting consumer choices. This study intends to explore the complex web of customer preferences, purchasing behaviour, and perceptions related to carbonated soft drinks. This research analyses how numerous variables, including gender, affect these preferences and choices via careful examination. The purpose of thepresent research is to determine the perception of consumer influencing customer choice preferences for the consumption of carbonated soft drinks, influence of gender and the role of advertisement in finalizing the choice. It would be helpful to do further research to better understand how these highlighted variables affect purchasing choices, especially gender-based variances. The important influence of gender on consumer behaviour has been acknowledged. For this study, a structured questionnaire was distributed through online social media to individuals of 12–45 years of age from the period of April–May 2023. For analysis of the data collected, SPSS 22.0 was used. The study has confirmed that consumption of Coca-Cola is higher than any other soft drink in almost the entire country. The factors like youthfulness, tradition, status symbol and level of carbonation have different influences on the buying behavior of male and female consumers.

Levels of Phthalate Acid Esters in Carbonated Soft Drinks Bottled in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottles Kept under Various Storage Conditions in Mwanza City, Tanzania

Background: Carbonated soft drinks (CSD), packaged in PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles, are among the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverage globally. People of all ages enjoy CSDs for their flavour, mouthfeel, crispness, freshness, and capacity to both quench thirst and provide mental refreshment. Terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, and other additives such as phthalates are the materials used to make these PET bottles. Several studies have demonstrated that phthalates may migrate into packaged goods and, when consumed, can cause several ill-health conditions to humans. Type II diabetes, obesity, asthma, male and female reproductive disorders, tumours (including breast cancer), pituitary, hypothalamic, and peripheral hormone disorders, behavioral issues, and neurodevelopmental disorders are among the health issues reported to be associated with phthalates. Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the presence and concentration of phthalates in PET bottled carbonated soft drinks produced in Mwanza City, and to examine the effects of various storage conditions on the migration of these contaminants into the product. Methods: Liquid-liquid extraction, clean-up techniques, and chromatographic analysis were used as the methods of determination to identify and quantify the specific phthalates compounds. Results: The findings demonstrated that after being stored outdoors for four to six months, the migration, especially for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di [2-ethylhexyl] phthalate (DEHP), became more apparent. After two, four, and six months of indoor storage, there was no appreciable change in the mean concentrations of DMP (dimethyl phthalate), DEP (diethyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), and DEHP for either brand in this study. Compared to indoor storage, the DBP and DEHP migration increased by up to 24-fold when the two brands were kept outdoors for four and six months. Thus, the safety and quality of carbonated soft drinks were seriously compromised by the phthalate compounds from the PET bottles that these companies were using. Conclusion: The study's conclusions show that PET packaging, which is influenced by the bottle manufacturing process and raw material formulations for packages of the studied CSDs, are responsible for the migration of phthalates into the products. The storage conditions and time are established to be the primary causes of phthalates migration in bottled carbonated soft drinks. Though the migration figures in this study are lower than those of the other studies from different locations that were compared, it is important to remember that these compounds may interfere with hormones even in small quantities.

Higher Intakes of Soft Drinks Are Associated With Anxiety, Depression, and Bone Mineral Density Among University Students

This cross-sectional study was used to investigate the association of carbonated soft drink (CSD) intake with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and bone health in university students in Pakistan. Daily intake of CSDs was significantly correlated with an increased risk of anxiety, depression, and low bone mineral density (BMD) (P-trend = .000) compared with consumption of less than 1 CSD per week. About one-third of participants reported a moderate anxiety level, 26.4% reported a moderate depression level, and 7.8% reported a severe depression level. Furthermore, 67.2% of participants classified with osteopenia and 8.6% classified with osteoporosis. University students having high consumption of CSDs had significantly higher levels of anxiety, depression, and low BMD.

Labels, taxes, and food reformulation: A tale of sugar in carbonated soft drinks in Ecuador

Abstract The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly worldwide, including in low- and middle-income countries. In Ecuador, a middle-income country, the government has implemented two policies to improve the quality of its population’s diet: (1) a traffic-light (TL) nutritional labeling requirement for processed foods and (2) a special tax scheme for drinks with a high sugar content (HSC). This study examines changes in carbonated soft drink (CSD) sugar formulation and its associated impacts on sugar consumption after the implementation of these two policies. Sugar content in soft drinks was obtained from the National Agency for Health Regulation, Control, and Surveillance (ARCSA) and directly from the labels of carbonated soft drinks sold in the country. CSD monthly purchase data from January 2013 to December 2019 were obtained from the Kantar World Panel (Ecuador). Mixed reactions followed the introduction of the TL in the sugar content reformulation of CSD. In contrast, the implementation of the HSC tax scheme was followed by extensive efforts to reformulate CSD as all brands studied decreased their sugar content. We also found evidence that CSD consumption reduced significantly after the HSC tax scheme was imposed. Overall, sugar consumption linked to CSD decreased after the implementation of these two policies. Still, most of this decrease is related to reformulation activities observed after the HSC tax scheme was implemented.

Model of Digital Marketing Communication of Sprite Rebranding

Sprite is a widely recognised beverage brand renowned for its popular carbonated soft drinks worldwide. Among the various marketing models available, there exists a multitude of models that include diverse data. However, Sprite is demonstrating a distinct approach. While the consumption of soda is not widely prevalent in Indonesia, Sprite has implemented extensive promotional strategies to target and captivate the market, particularly the younger demographic. This study employed the Krippendorf Content Analysis approach to examine the Sprite Digital marketing Communication operations on Social media. According to the official Instagram account of the corporation in question, there appears to be a singular focus on promoting sustainability, with a particular emphasis on the efforts undertaken by the Sprite brand. Therefore, Sprite's commitment to a specific marketing strategy aimed at a significant objective demonstrates their capacity for sustainable development. The intricacy of Sprite's operational processes is once again demonstrated through the utilisation of digital content analysis

Efficacy of a school-based education intervention on the consumption of fruits, vegetables and carbonated soft drinks among adolescents.

To evaluate the efficacy of a school-based education intervention on the consumption of fruit, vegetables and carbonated soft drinks among adolescents. Cluster-randomised controlled trial. Eight secondary schools from Dhaka, Bangladesh, participated in this trial and were randomly allocated to intervention (n 160) and control groups (n 160). A total of 320 students from 8th to 9th grades participated and completed the self-reported questionnaires at baseline, and at 8 and 12 weeks. The intervention included weekly classroom-based nutrition education sessions for students and healthy eating materials for students and parents. Repeated measures ANCOVA was used to assess the effects of the intervention. Daily fresh fruit intake was more frequent in the intervention (26 %) compared to the control group (3 %) at 12 weeks (p = 0·006). Participants from the intervention group also reported a significantly (P < 0·001) higher (49 %) proportion of fresh vegetable intake compared to the control group (2 %) at 12 weeks. Frequency of daily carbonated soft drinks intake decreased (25 %) in the intervention group at 12 weeks compared to baseline, while it remained unchanged in the control group; the interaction effect was observed significant (P = 0·002). Our school-based education intervention increased the daily frequency of fresh vegetables and fruit intake and decreased carbonated soft drink consumption among adolescents in the intervention group. There is a need for scaling up the intervention to engage students and empower them to develop healthy dietary habits.

Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Nigerian Indigenous Beverages Consumed in Calabar, Southern Nigeria

Aim: Locally prepared drinks and beverages are gradually replacing the conventional sugary carbonated soft drinks, particularly because of the health effects associated with some of the components in these drinks. This study was aimed at evaluating the bacteriological quality of locally produced drinks/beverages (kunu, zobo, tiger-nut and pineapple drinks), produced and sold in Calabar metropolis.&#x0D; Methodology: Samples (tiger-nut, zobo, kunu and pineapple drink) were collected from five different markets within the study area and evaluated using standard bacteriological techniques. Results: The mean aerobic bacterial ranged from 21.6 ± 0.8 x 105 CFU/mL to 208.8 ± 2.02 x 105 CFU/mL. The coliform counts ranged from 5.8 ± 0.49 x 105 CFU/mL to 187.2 ± 2.10 x 105 CFU/mL. The staphylococcal counts ranged from 29.8 ± 0.92 x 105 CFU/mL to 194.4 ± 1.64 x 105 CFU/mL. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci was the most predominant isolates (27.0%), followed by Escherichia coli (12.2%) and Enterobacter sp (10.4%). Other bacteria genera detected include Bacillus sp, Lactobacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Proteus sp, Micrococcus sp, Klebsiella sp, Serratia sp, Citrobacter sp, and Streptococcus sp and Listeria sp.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study revealed that the bacteriological quality of the analyzed samples was above the acceptable standards and as such a potential risk to public health. Therefore, education for vendors on food safety and hygienic practices is essential to reduce contamination rate. Furthermore, regular inspection on food vending practices and safety of ready-to-eat foods is required to improve the health standards of consumers.

Beverage Consumption Patterns among U.S. Adolescents and Adults from a New 24-h Beverage Recall Survey Compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018.

Beverages are major dietary components of the United States (U.S.) population. Understanding the current consumption pattern of beverages is an important element in supporting healthy diets. Our objective was to assess the validity of the 24-h beverage consumption recall data collected in 2021 through a self-administered online questionnaire (referred to as the American Beverage Association-Brandscapes Worldwide survey, ABA-BSW) by comparing it to the 24-h dietary recall data collected in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Summary statistics on the reported consumption amounts and consumption occasions (COs) of 13 beverage types (e.g., bottled water, carbonated soft drinks (CSD), tea, and others) by participants aged 13-64 years were compared between ABA-BSW (n = 20,553) and NHANES (n = 4437). The average daily consumption amount among consumers of all 13 beverage types combined was higher in ABA-BSW than in NHANES (1903 mL/day vs. 1704 mL/day). Within each beverage type, the average daily consumption amounts among consumers were generally lower in ABA-BSW except for CSD, plant-based drinks, and still juices and fruit-flavored drinks. Compared to NHANES, ABA-BSW participants reported consuming a wider variety of beverage groups, a higher number of COs per day, and lower consumption amounts within a given CO. Overall, beverage consumption patterns observed in ABA-BSW and NHANES were generally similar, supporting the design and implementation of the former survey. Further, the ABA-BSW data provide additional information on the within-day temporal beverage consumption patterns among adolescents and adults in the U.S. Differences in the observed consumption patterns between the surveys may be the result of various factors, including the survey implementation method, a consumption pattern shift between the survey time periods, beverage type availability, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dietary patterns.

Psychological and socio-economic considerations associated with consuming CSD: A Study

people of all ages love to have carbonated soft drinks except those who have some serious health issues. Understanding the consumption pattern of the Generation Y (a generational cohort) would be high priority to the marketer because of the significant characteristics of that segment. Therefore, this paper examines the underlying positive psychological and socio-economic causes which drive the Generation Y to consume carbonated soft drinks. A sample of 257 respondents were taken on the basis of judgemental sampling for this study. Regression analysis and factor analysis were administered to analyse the collected data. This research reveals that Refreshing nature of Carbonated soft drinks (CSD), Meeting with friends, family and co-workers, Taste of CSD, Sweetness nature of the CSD are remarkable underlying positive psychological and socio-economic considerations which drive Generation Y to consume carbonated soft drinks. NU Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences &amp; Business Studies Vol. 7 &amp; 8, No.2 &amp; 1, July 2021 - December 2022 p. 57-74

Effect of price and income on the demand for sugar-sweetened beverages in Nigeria: an analysis of household consumption data using an almost ideal demand system (AIDS)

ObjectivesTo estimate the own-price, cross-price and income elasticities for carbonated soft drinks (CSDs), malt drinks, chocolate powder, sachet water and sugar in Nigeria. These elasticities can be used to estimate...

Applicability and Limitations of a Capillary-LC Column-Switching System Using Hybrid Graphene-Based Stationary Phases

Graphene oxide sheets fixed over silica particles (SiGO) and their modification functionalized with C18 and endcapped (SiGO-C18ec) have been reported as sorbents for extraction and analytical columns in LC. In this study, a SiGO column was selected as the extraction column and a SiGO-C18ec as the analytical column to study the applicability and limitations of a column-switching system composed exclusively of columns packed with graphene-based sorbents. Pyriproxyfen and abamectin B1a were selected as the analytes, and orange-flavored carbonated soft drinks as the matrix. The proposed system could be successfully applied to the pyriproxyfen analysis in a concentration range between 0.5 to 25 µg/mL presenting a linearity of R2 = 0.9931 and an intra-day and inter-day accuracy of 82.2–111.4% (RSD &lt; 13.3%) and 95.5–99.8% (RSD &lt; 12.7%), respectively. Furthermore, the matrix composition affected the area observed for the pyriproxyfen: the higher the concentration of orange juice in the soft drink, the higher the pyriproxyfen the signal observed. Additionally, the SiGO extraction column presented a life use of 120 injections for this matrix. In contrast, the proposed system could not apply to the analysis of abamectin B1a, and the SiGO-C18ec analytical column presented significant tailing compared to a similar approach with a C18 analytical column.

An examination of Ireland's sugar sweetened beverage tax (sugar tax) in practice.

In the face of rising obesity levels, Ireland introduced a sugar sweetened beverage tax (SSBT) in 2018, the scope of which was extended in 2019. To date, there is a dearth of research on the actual impact of the SSBT on the pricing. This study involved an examination of the relative cost of leading brand full-sugar and sugar-free carbonated soft drinks in a convenience sample of 14 different Irish supermarkets. In light of manufacturers' reformulation of certain brands (7UP, Sprite and Fanta), information was collected on the relative in-store pricing of three brands (Coca Cola, Pepsi and Club). In-store comparisons of equivalent size and unit number indicate that, in ~60% of cases, the full-sugar and sugar-free versions of the same drink are being offered at the same price. Even when full-sugar versions of these brands were more expensive than the sugar-free alternatives, the price differential was sometimes less than the SSBT rate. The pass-through rate of the SSBT to consumers is sub-optimal. Future policy and research suggestions are outlined.

Viral Marketing on Consumer Reviews of Selected Carbonated Soft Drinks Companies in Nigeria

The Carbonated Soft Drinks (CSD) market has continued to grow in leaps and bounds amidst fierce competition for supremacy in the market place. They hold tenaciously to the leadership position in the soda market, having successfully shrugged off challenge from competitors with a combination of product quality, relentless consumer engagement and aggressive advertising. However, studies have established that CSD are faced with persistent purchase decrease over incidents related to negative consumer reviews. Studies indicated that CSD companies tend to prioritize traditional advertising over viral marketing despite the potential benefits of the latter. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of viral marketing on consumer reviews of selected CSD companies in Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted for this study. The population was 3,987 employees in sales and marketing departments of the selected CSD companies in Nigeria. The sample size of 518 was determined using Cochran’s formula. Simple random sampling technique was adopted in selecting respondents. A structured and validated questionnaire was used to obtain data with Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranged between 0.76 and 0.98. The response rate was 82.8%. Data were analyzed using Partial least square Structural equation modelling. The results, however, revealed that electronic word of mouth (β = 0.156, t = 2.168, p &lt; 0.05), Influencer (β = 0.149, t = 2.793, p &lt; 0.05), Reliability (β = 0.164, t = 2.065, p &lt; 0.05) and social media (β = 0.336, t = 4.749, p &lt; 0.05), have a positive and significant effect on the Consumer Review of some selected carbonated soft drink in Nigeria. Based on the findings, this study concluded that viral marketing affected consumer reviews of selected CSD companies in Nigeria. Therefore, this study recommended that management of CSD companies should focus on informativeness, electronic word of mouth, influencer, reliability and social media to enhance consumer reviews.

Relationship between smartphone addiction and eating disorders and lifestyle among Chinese college students.

Smartphone addiction has been a matter of serious concern among society and parents because of its high incidence and serious negative effects. This study aimed to determine the association between smartphone addiction and eating disorders and lifestyle changes among college students. The present article is a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 1,112 college students from several universities in Chengdu, China. The data were collected by using the Chinese version of the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). In addition, the information on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and smartphone use were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. The prevalence of smartphone addiction among the students involved in the study was 22.6%, of which 10.4% were at risk for eating disorders. Female students had higher MPAI scores and EAT-26 scores than male students (p < 0.001). The proportion of male students with a risk of eating disorders was significantly higher than that of female students (p < 0.05). The total EAT-26 scores of students with smartphone addiction were higher than that of others (p < 0.001). The correlation analysis indicated that the MPAI scores were significantly positively correlated with the EAT-26 scores, depression and anxiety, difficulty in falling asleep at night, the frequency of eating fast food and drinking carbonated soft drink (p < 0.01). In addition, the MPAI scores were significantly negatively correlated with skipping breakfast and the frequency of physical activity (p < 0.05). Smartphone addiction is significantly associated with eating disorders, eating habits, and lifestyle. The influence of dietary habits and lifestyle needs to be considered for the prevention and development of an intervention for smartphone addiction among college students.

Potential cytotoxic effect of caffeinated and non-caffeinated carbonated soft drinks on liver and pancreas of adult male Albino rats; (biochemical, histological and DNA study)

Potential cytotoxic effect of caffeinated and non-caffeinated carbonated soft drinks on liver and pancreas of adult male Albino rats; (biochemical, histological and DNA study)

Evaluation of Various Carbonated Soft Drinks to Assess their Effects on Human Health

Sugar, citric acid, phosphoric acid, and caffeine are extensively present in soft drinks. The high concentrations of these elements have harmful effects on human health. A series of nine carbonated drinks namely Pepsi, Mountain Dew, 7-up, Mirinda, Coca cola, Sprite, Fanta, Amrat cola, and Amrat lemon were collected from the open market of Peshawar, Pakistan. Various physicochemical parameters were measured to evaluate the quality of the collected drinks. Brix (Total dissolved solids) were found to be 11.40, 11.90, 10.70, 12.90, 10.37, 10.0, 13.00, 10.6, and 10.20% in Pepsi, Mountain Dew, 7-up, Mirinda, Coca-cola, Sprite, Fanta, Amrat cola, and Amrat lemon, respectively. CO2 gas volume (G. V) was found to be 3.60, 3.20, 3.70, 1.80, 3.80, 3.80, 1.80, 3.80, and 3.70 G.V in Pepsi, Mountain Dew, 7-up, Mirinda, Coca-cola Sprite Fanta, Amrat cola, and Amrat lemon, respectively. Caffeine was found only in Pepsi, Coca cola, Amrat cola, and Mountain Dew, having a concentration of 103, 105, 109, and 146 mg/L, respectively. Pepsi, Coca cola, and Amrat cola were free of citric acid. The citric acid amounts were 1337.6, 1459.2, 1816.32, 1196.8, 1664, and 1216 mg/L in Mountain Dew, 7-up, Mirinda, Sprite, Fanta, and Amrat lemon, respectively. Phosphoric acid was found only in Pepsi, Coca cola, and Amrat cola, in the amounts of 583.1, 490, and 588 mg/L, respectively. It is concluded that the frequent use of carbonated soft drinks (CSD) could cause serious health damage.

Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption is associated with worse cognitive functions in older adults: from the national health and nutrition examination survey and food patterns equivalents database

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption (including individual SSB) and cognitive function from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED) and whether it is age-dependent. Methods: Older adults aged 60 years old and over were included during the NHANES 2011–2014. SSB consumption was defined as the amount of added sugar obtained by connecting the NHANES and FPED. Cognitive function tests included the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease test, Animal Fluency Test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test. We calculated z-score using the average of the total standardized scores on three cognitive tests to estimate the level of whole cognition. Multi-variable linear regression models and interaction analysis were conducted in this study. Results: For individual SSB types, increased carbonated soft drinks, sweetened tea, fruit drinks, energy drinks, and sport drinks were all significantly linked to declined cognitive function (P < 0.05), respectively. Nevertheless, interaction effects by age groups were not significant (P for interaction > 0.05). Discussion: SSB consumption (including individual SSB) was negatively associated with cognitive function, which was not age-dependent. Future studies may advance the knowledge in the field considering the association between SSB consumption and cognitive function.