Carbon Steel In Presence Research Articles

Correction to: Effect of Exposure Time on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Presence of Shewanella RCRI7 Bacteria

Correction to: Effect of Exposure Time on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Presence of Shewanella RCRI7 Bacteria

Effect of Exposure Time on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Presence of Shewanella RCRI7 Bacteria

Effect of Exposure Time on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Presence of Shewanella RCRI7 Bacteria

Machine learning modeling of time-dependent corrosion rates of carbon steel in presence of corrosion inhibitors

We have employed supervised machine learning methods to model measurements of corrosion rates of carbon steel as a function of time when corrosion inhibitors are added in different dosage and dose-schedules. The experiments show that the time-profile of corrosion rates depend on the dose schedule, while the final rates depend mainly on the environment severity. We find that Random Forest was the best algorithm that predicted the entire time-profile of corrosion rates with the mean squared error ranging from 0.005 to 0.093. Sensitivity of corrosion rates to changes in the environmental variables are well-predicted by the trained Random Forest model.

Evaluation of Syzygium aromaticum aqueous extract as an eco-friendly inhibitor for microbiologically influenced corrosion of carbon steel in oil reservoir environment.

In the present investigation, biocorrosion inhibition efficiency of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) aqueous extract on carbon steel in presence of four corrosion causing bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces parvus, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Acinetobacter baumannii) was explored. Weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and AC impedance studies were carried out with and without bacterial strains and clove extract. The results obtained from weight loss and AC impedance studies indicate that these corrosion causing bacterial strains accelerated the biocorrosion reaction and biofilm playing a key role in this process. However, the addition of clove extract into the corrosive medium decreased the corrosion current and increased the solution and charge transfer resistance. The significant inhibition efficiency of about 87% was archived in the mixed consortia system with clove extract. The bioactive compounds were playing an important role in the antibacterial activity of the clove extract. It was revealed that clove extract has both biocidal and corrosion inhibition properties.

Newly synthesized N-(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)pyridine-4-amine as a high-potential inhibitor for pipeline steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid medium

N-(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)pyridine-4-amine (NHPA) synthesized by the condensation of 4-aminipyridine with 5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde was tested as an inhibitor for API J55 carbon steel (CS) corrosion in 1 M HCl utilizing electrochemical and gravimetric measurements. Inhibition was enhanced with increase in NHPA concentration and at optimum concentration of NHPA (2.0 g L−1) and 30 °C, 96.28% inhibition efficiency was obtained with gravimetric method, 93.03% with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique and 92.09% with potentiodynamic polarization technique. Polarization studies reveal that NHPA is mixed type inhibitor but predominantly anodic. EIS measurement revealed increased charge-transfer resistance (Rct) and diminished double-layer capacitance (Cdl) upon addition of NHPA, which brought about improved inhibition. The inhibition is known to be by adsorption on the J55 CS surface which follows Langmuir isotherm. Surface analysis performed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis showed improved surface morphology of J55 CS in presence of NHPA.

Effect of modified method of coating on particle incorporation and wear resistance of nickel – phosphorus – diamond composite coatings

In this investigation, electroless Ni-P with diamond particle was deposited on carbon steel in presence of magnetic field, a modified coating technique. Degree of crystallinity was measured through integrated intensity and integral breadth with the help of profile fitting. The coatings were evaluated using an In-House developed software 'PROFAN. The presence of the magnetic field modified the crystallization behaviour of the composite coatings with nickel – phosphorus – diamond through electroless coating process. The treatment of composite coating is performed with different technique at different temperatures. Further, the mechanical wear of the coating is evaluated.

Study The Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Presence Of CO2 Gas in Oil Pipe Lines

The current work is the study of corrosion behaveior of carbon steel, in naturally aerated (3.5%wt NaCl) solution. A rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) system was used to produce conditions of turbulent flow, polarization experiments were conducted at various temperature and various rotating speed at each temperature.Similar experiments were carried out using CO2 gas at (32 ml/sec) flow rate.Corresponding experiments by weight loss were carried out in (3.5%wt NaCl) solution with Kerosene + 10% V salt solution and Gas oil + 10% V salt solution at 328k and (0, 400) r.p.m .Similar experiments were carried out in kerosene + 10% V salt solution at (298, 308 and 318)K and rotating speed (0) r.p.m at each temperature.Other experiments were carried out in pure kerosene at temperature (298 and 318)K and speed (0) r.p.m. All experiments were carried out with and with out CO2 gas .The results indicate that the corrosion rate of carbon steel is increasing70% with CO2 gas

Corrosion Behaviour of Carbon Steel In Presence of New Generation of Heterocyclic Compounds Case Study: The Egyptian Minerals and Salts Company (Emisal)

Corrosion Behaviour of Carbon Steel In Presence of New Generation of Heterocyclic Compounds Case Study: The Egyptian Minerals and Salts Company (Emisal)

Guar gum as efficient non-toxic inhibitor of carbon steel corrosion in phosphoric acid medium: Electrochemical, surface, DFT and MD simulations studies

Guar gum is a water-soluble, nonionic, nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible hetero polysaccharide with unlimited number of industrial applications. In this study, guar gum was evaluated as a natural inhibitor of carbon steel (CS) corrosion in 2 M H3PO4 solution. The characteristic effect of guar gum on the steel corrosion was studied at concentration ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 g/L at 298–328 K by weight loss and electrochemical methods. Obtained results showed that, the inhibition efficiency (η%) of guar gum decreased slightly when the temperature increased and increased by increasing the inhibitor concentration reaching the maximum value at 1.0 g/L. The adsorption of guar gum on steel surface was studied by the Temkin adsorption model. EIS measurements indicate that the values of the polarization resistance (Rp) of CS in presence of guar gum are significantly higher than that of the untreated surface. Steel surface coated with guar gum was analyzed by SEM, FTIR and XRD. The quantum calculations using DFT method and Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to define the relationship between inhibition performance of investigated compound and their molecular structure.

Corrosion Behavior of Q235 Carbon Steel in Presence of H2S Producing Bacillus sp. and a Consortium of Microbes Isolated from Inner Rust Layer

In this work, a pure Bacillus sp. and a consortium of microbes were isolated from inner rust layer of carbon steel from marine environment. Corrosion behavior of Q235 carbon steel was investigated in the presence and in the absence of Bacillus sp. and with consortium of microbes separately. Weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) tests were conducted to observe the influence on corrosion behavior of carbon steel in the presence and in the absence of bacteria. The results showed that corrosion potential (E-corr) decreased and the corrosion current density increased in the presence of bacteria, in contrast with the sterile medium with the same exposure time interval. The weight loss was observed and micrometer-scale pitting further confirmed by SEM on the carbon steel surface in the presence of bacteria especially with the Bacillus sp. Most importantly in the present work Bacillus sp. behaved like sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Further, it was confirmed that in natural environment Bacillus sp. could also act like sulfate-reducing bacteria and deteriorating carbon steel, especially in the form of localized pitting/corrosion.

An investigation on the effect of H 3 PO 4 and HCl-doped polyaniline nanoparticles on corrosion protection of carbon steel by means of scanning kelvin probe

In this work, the effect of H3PO4 and HCl dopants on the corrosion protection properties of polyaniline nanoparticles (PANs) dispersed in epoxy novolac, coated on carbon steel was compared using the Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP). The nanometeric size and uniform dispersion of PANs in the coating were confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Conductivity test, Potentiodynamic measurements and SKP technique were used to study theeffect of dopant type on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in presence of PANs. The results show that PANs-containing nanocomposites can stabilize the potential of steel substrate in a passive state. Furthermore, variation coefficient (VC) of the surface Volta potential differences was introduced as an index for detection of the corrosion uniformity under the coating in presence of PANs. According to SKP results, the protection ability of coatings was improved in presence of PANs. In addition, the steel corrosion under the coating containing HCl-doped PANs tended to be more localized than that under the coating containing H3PO4-doped PANs. This is attributed to aggressive and inhibitive roles of chloride and phosphate anions respectively.

Electropolishing of Carbon Steel in Presence of Some Natural Polymers under Natural and Forced Convection Conditions

Electropolishing of Carbon Steel in Presence of Some Natural Polymers under Natural and Forced Convection Conditions

Corrosion of carbon steel in presence of mixed deposits under stagnant seawater conditions

Channelling corrosion of steel pipelines used for offshore water injection pipelines can be severe. Both microbiologically influenced corrosion and under-deposit corrosion are suspected. Half-pipe steel specimens with mixed deposits of magnetite, calcium carbonate and sea sand exposed to near-deoxygenated seawater for 180 days showed more severe pitting corrosion under the deposits than elsewhere. Less severe under-deposit pitting occurred for seawater treated with filtration and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Nitrate addition, used in practice to control bacterial H2S production in oil reservoirs, resulted in the most aggressive localized corrosion under the deposits. This has implications for water injection pipeline management.

The enhancing of 2-pyrazinecarboxamide inhibition effect on the acid corrosion of carbon steel in presence of iodide ions

The inhibition effect of 2-pyrazinecarboxamide (PCA), KI and their synergistic effect on the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.5M H2SO4 solution was studied by electrochemical techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the steel surface. The inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration of PCA and KI and increase further in the presence of PCA/KI mixture. The open circuit potential and polarization measurements suggested that PCA and its mixture with KI act as mixed-type inhibitor; while, KI only acts as mixed-type inhibitor with a predominant anodic inhibitor. The adsorption of PCA and KI on the metal surface in 0.5M H2SO4 solution obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters Kads and ΔG°ads are calculated and discussed. The probable inhibitory mechanism is proposed from the viewpoint of adsorption theory. The synergism parameter suggests that there is a cooperative mechanism between the iodide anion and PCA cations.

Corrosion behavior of carbon steel in presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria in seawater environment

• Carbon steel was exposed to sulfidogenic bacteria seeded seawater in a flow loop. • Localized surface attacks followed inoculations with sulfidogenic bacteria. • Bacteria activity does not necessarily lead to significantly elevated corrosion. • Complex corrosion deposits structure. • Antimicrobial treatment temporarily suppressed bacterial activity. The influence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel was studied in a laboratory test-loop, continuously fed with nutrient supplemented North Sea seawater. The main parts of the test-loop, represented by two separated flow cells, were fitted with steel specimens. The test-loop was operating anoxically for 2200 h and each flow cell was three times inoculated with Desulfovibrio alaskensis or Desulfovibrio desulfuricans species. Additionally, each flow cell was two times perturbed with antimicrobial treatments. Steel specimens exposed in flow cells exhibited comparable appearance and systems responding similarly to inoculations and antimicrobial treatments. The effect of the inoculations in both flow cells on the steel coupons electrochemical behavior was materialized as lower resistance to corrosion and higher surface activity or occurrence of localized pitting events. The localized surface attacks recognized in both flow cells after inoculations continued to progress with the time, although bacterial activity was temporarily suppressed by antimicrobial treatment. Post-exposure sample evaluations might suggest that, some particular steel surface areas have been subjected to a dramatic change in the corrosion mechanism from initial localized attack to general corrosion. The long-term exposure of the carbon steel specimens resulted in identifiable formation of biofilms and corrosion products. Corrosion deposits were characterized by a specific structure built of iron sulfides (FeS), sulfated green rust (GR(SO 4 2− )), magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), Fe(III) oxyhydroxides (FeOOH), chukanovite (Fe 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 ), carbonated green rust (GR(CO 3 2− )) and some calcareous deposits. Presented factual evidence reinforced the idea that sulfidogenic species in natural seawater environment may cause localized damage with a specific surface pattern; however, this does not necessarily lead towards significantly elevated corrosion rates.

Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Presence of Hydrocarbon

Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Presence of Hydrocarbon

Effect of temperature and fluid velocity on corrosion mechanism of low carbon steel in presence of 2-hydrazino-4,7-dimethylbenzothiazole in industrial water medium

The corrosion inhibition of 2-hydrazino-4,7-dimethylbenzothiazole on low carbon steel in industrial water has been investigated at different temperatures and fluid velocities at different concentrations of the inhibitor using mass loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results showed that corrosion resistance increased by increasing the inhibitor concentration. Optimization of the three variables has been made and correlating the results obtained using Box–Wilson statistical method. The adsorption process on low carbon steel surface obeys Flory–Huggins isotherm. The values of Δ G ads obtained suggest that, the adsorption process of 2-HMBT on low carbon steel is chemisorption. The activation energy increased with increasing the concentration of inhibitors leading to decrease of the pre-exponential factor, and the entropy of activation increased negatively in the presence of inhibitor. SEM was used to identify the film formed on the metal surface.

The effect of heavy metal ions on the localized corrosion behavior of steels

The work presented in this paper deals with the investigations on the effect of heavy metal ions, e.g., Cu and Ni, on the localized corrosion behavior of carbon steel and SS 316L under different experimental conditions. The important experimental conditions which include the nature of aqueous medium, metal ion concentration, temperature, pH and flow condition have been taken into account. Immersion tests of 1, 6 and 12 month duration were carried out to determine the effect of metal ions on the corrosion rate of steels. Electrochemical technique like free corrosion potential measurements, has been carried out to investigate the role heavy metal ions on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel and SS 316L. The effect of heavy metal ions on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel is quite pronounced and follows interesting trends. The results of immersion tests in distilled water under both static and dynamic conditions show a decrease in the corrosion rates of carbon steel in presence of higher concentrations of metal ions. In seawater, the corrosion rate of carbon steel is affected significantly only at 100 ppm of metal ion concentration. Under different experimental conditions the corrosion rate of 316L is unaffected in presence of metal ions. The results of immersion tests find support from free corrosion potential measurements. Under controlled laboratory conditions, there is no evidence of localized attack in presence of different concentration of metal ions.

Electrochemical Studies on the Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Presence of Cu and Ni

The work presented in this paper deals with the investigations on the effect of Cu and Ni on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel under different experimental conditions. Electrochemical techniques like potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization resistance and AC impedance have been used to investigate the effect of Cu and Ni on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel. The important experimental conditions which include the nature of aqueous medium, metal ion concentration and pH have been taken into account. The instantaneous corrosion parameters as computed by potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization resistance and AC impedance show an increase in corrosion rates of carbon steel with increasing Cu and Ni concentrations. However, the corrosion parameter as computed by AC impedance for an extended period of one month follows an interesting trend. The presence of Cu and Ni in the aqueous medium produces almost identical effect on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel. The microscopic examination of the test samples, under controlled laboratory conditions, did not show the evidence of localized attack on carbon steel in presence of different concentrations of Cu and Ni.

Modelling of the effect of operational parameters and concentration of some corrosion inhibitors on the corrosion of carbon steel

Several corrosion inhibitors, such as, HEDP, sodium molybdate and zinc ions, were added to an aqueous corrosive media containing different concentrations chloride ions, and the corrosion rates (CRs) of carbon steel were measured at various temperatures. It was shown that, in the presence of more than 1,200 ppm of chloride ions, and temperatures greater than or equal to 42.5°C, the combination of HEDP, molybdate and zinc could not control the corrosion in a cooling water system. Then four different models were designed to represent the CR of carbon steel in presence of various corrosive parameters.