Carbon Steel In 1M HCl Research Articles

Experimental and theoretical study of two Salen-type Schiff bases: green synthesis, characterization, corrosion inhibition efficiency, and biological activity

As eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, and antibacterial agents, this study assesses 1,3-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene) thiourea (B1) and 1,3-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene) urea (B2), two new Schiff bases, on their performance in these areas. We successfully synthesized these Schiff bases in just 15 minutes using an environmentally friendly approach, and the yield was rather good, ranging from 69.8% to 87.53%. When compared to B2, B1 showed more effective corrosion inhibition and better antioxidant activity. Both chemicals were highly effective against microbes, while B1 was particularly effective against Aspergillus. B. We measured the weight loss to examine the corrosion inhibition impact of XC48 carbon steel in 1M HCl. The findings revealed that at the ideal concentration of 5.10–4 M, the estimated IE% of the Schiff bases was 63.8% for B2 and 87.28% for B1. This study employed the Langmuir isotherm model to determine a number of thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics, all of which pointed to a physical adsorbed state. Promising electrical characteristics and robust adsorption on metal surfaces for B1 were corroborated by theoretical investigations employing density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Both the theoretical and practical aspects align with one another.

Electrochemical studies, adsorption behavior, and spectroscopic analysis of vanadyl complex of bis(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)malonohydrazide as efficient eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel in 1M HCl

Corrosion is a destructive attack that can effect on a substance. One of the most important problems is corrosion losses, which can cause a loss of 10% of the metallic output every year. A novel VO+2 complex of N1, N3-bis(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)malonohydrazide [(VO)2(L)(OH)2].H2O has been prepared and utilized as corrosion controller for Low carbon steel (LCS) in hydrochloric acid solution. Chemical (Weight loss (WL)), electrochemical (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PP)) are utilized to examine the effectiveness of prepared [(VO)2(L)(OH)2].H2O (VOL). The inhibition efficacy improved with increasing the VOL doses. The maximum efficacy of the investigated inhibitor is 96.1% at 21×10−6 M. However, at 21×10−6 M, the efficacy decreased from 96.1% to 84.4% when the temperature elevated from 298 to 318 K. The adsorption of VOL on the LCS surface was used to explain the inhibition. According to the values of ∆G°ads, which ranged from 25.8 to 21.5 kJ mol−1, the adsorption of the VOL on the LCS surface is physical adsorption. Analyzing the polarization curves of synthesized inhibitors revealed that they were mixed-type inhibitors. LCS was found to be surface inhibited when coated with a thin film of inhibitors, and surface morphology was assessed by different techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and atomic force microscope (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to explain the nature of the interface among VOL and LCS surfaces. It was found that all of these used tests agreed with each other.

Corrosion inhibitory characteristics, thermodynamics, and theoretical studies of N-((2-aminoethyl) carbamothioyl) acrylamide for carbon steel in 1 M HCl

Green synthesis has become very significant for sustainable development and health concern. The multicomponent is applied as an eco-friendly procedure to synthesize N-((2-aminoethyl) carbamothioyl) acrylamide (ACA). The structure of ACA is verified using FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The inhibitory effect of ACA for carbon steel in 1 M HCl is assessed using electrochemical measurements and weight loss. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model fits the inhibitive effect caused by adsorption on the metal surface. Additionally, the surface morphology is examined using SEM and AFM. The photos demonstrate a smoothing of the protective surface and a 0.45 nm reduction in average roughness. Different quantum descriptors using DFT theory were calculated and found to be corroborated with the experimental results. By creating successive resistive adsorption films, the ACA, at a concentration of 10−3 M, protects the carbon steel in 1MHCl with a 97% efficiency as a mixed-type inhibitor.

Synthesis, spectroscopic analysis and electrochemical studies of novel organic compound based on N-alkylphthalazinone chemistry as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1M HCl

The adsorption affinity and corrosion protection of two synthesized N-alkylphthalazinone derivatives 2(a-b), namely: 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-4-(p-tolyl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one (a) and 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one (b) on carbon steel (CS) in an acidic environment using electrochemical and mass loss methods. The mass loss test at the highest inhibitor concentration produced a maximum corrosion efficiency of 93.4% for inhibitor (a). Thermodynamic parameters were determined while the inhibitors' adsorption process was investigated. The inhibitory molecules adsorption on the CS substrate accompanied the Langmuir isotherm. As a function of inhibitor concentration, the thermodynamic activation functions of the dissolution process were calculated. Surface examination such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were used to confirm the adsorption phenomenon. Also investigated were quantum chemical parameters to approve the donor-acceptor system of the synthesized N-alkylphthalazinone derivatives. The theoretical values are in good correlation with the experimental values.

Synthesis, experimental, theoretical, and molecular dynamic studies of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-thiosemicarbazone as green inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion

In this report, a thiosemicarbazone, namely, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl) ethan-1-thiosemicarbazone 4 was synthesized from naturally occurring paramethoxy-thymol and investigated as a new corrosion inhibitor on carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution, using combined experimental and theoretical explorations. Weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to research the inhibition performance and determine the adsorption distribution characteristics of compound 4. The obtained results revealed that this obtained molecule has a high corrosion inhibitory power for carbon steel in 1M HCl and its inhibition efficacy reaches a value of 96% at 1.5 mM compound 4. The results further revealed that compound 4 functions as an effective mixed-type inhibitor. Density function theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulations were also adopted to provide a robust representation of corrosion phenomena in realistic conditions. The structure synthesized was confirmed by NMR (1H & 13C), IR, and high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS).

Coupling of experimental and theoretical studies to apprehend the action of benzodiazepine derivative as a corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in 1M HCl

A Benzodiazepine derivative, namely 4-methyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-benzo[b] [1,4] diazepin-3-one (MHBZO), was used to test the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in 1 M HCl. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), weight loss (WL). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was applied to examine the surface of carbon steel after corrosion tests. The benzodiazepine derivative's inhibition efficiency increased with concentration, reaching an optimal value of 90.22% with 10−3 M of MHBZO. Polarization measurements revealed that the compound acts as a mixed inhibitor, and its adsorption mechanism was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm. Besides that, the ΔGoads finding implies that the benzodiazepine derivative contributed to the chemical adsorption onto the carbon steel surface. The inhibitor was well adsorbed on the carbon steel surface, as evidenced by SEM images. Density Functinal Theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations (MCs) were utilized to investigate and interpret computational approaches of the metal-inhibitor interaction type. The experimental and theoretical findings in this investigation are in good correlation.

Experimental investigation of new compound adsorption on carbon steel in 1M HCl

The effect of new compounds named, 6,6'-(((2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(methylene))bis(2- methoxyphenol) (RSH) on the corrosion inhibiting of ST- 37 low carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl has been studied. The inhibitor effects on the corrosion behaviour of the samples have been determined at three different concentrations, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L. Weight loss, polarization curves, AC impedance measurements and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) have been utilized to study the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in corrosive environment in the presence and absence of new ligand. Results show that the inhibition occurs through adsorption of the inhibitors molecules on the metal surface. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing inhibitor’s concentration. Polarization data indicated that this compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors. The corrosion efficiency of RSH at an optimal concentration of 2mg/L is 86. The adsorption of inhibitors follows the Langmuir isotherm. The values of free energy of adsorption in the presence of the corrosion inhibitor are around -32 KJmol-1, which indicate chemiosorption of the molecules. Powerful Atomic Force microscopy is used for the surface morphology studies.

Effect of syzygium cumini leaf extract as a green corrosion inhibitor on API 5l carbon steel in 1M HCL

Corrosion in API 5L steel under 1M HCl is a common issue; hence, creating a more effective and naturally-based inhibitor is critical. In this research, Syzygium Cumini leaf extract (SCLE) was used as a new green corrosion inhibitor under acidic conditions. The inhibition properties of the novel cumini extract were thoroughly characterized using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results show that the cumini inhibitor has excellent corrosion inhibition with 93 % inhibition efficiency. The adsorption behavior of the inhibitor follows the Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm due to the nearness of R2 to unity. The potentiodynamic and electrochemical measurements demonstrate the mixed type of corrosion inhibitor. Thermodynamic calculation of ΔGads is – 18.41 kJ mol-1 showing the physical adsorption process between the inhibitor and metals. Further inspection of ΔHads at ‒58.93 kJ mol-1 considers releasing energy during adsorption. The FTIR results agree with the increased growth of passive layers due to the adsorption of polyphenol and flavonoids on metals. Remarkably, the adsorption peak at 3266.59 cm-1 corresponds to the adsorption of –OH. The peak at 1612.56 and 1698.4 cm-1 is attributed to C=C and C=O functional groups. The above functional groups serve as adsorption centers to reduce the corrosion effect. The surface treatment of AFM indicated a good relationship with the functional group characterization and confirmed the significant corrosion rate reduction. This work can be used as a benchmark to develop a natural plant as a corrosion inhibitor.

Experimental and Theoretical Study to Understand the Adsorption Process of p‐Anisidine and 4‐Nitroaniline for the Dissolution of C38 Carbon Steel in 1M HCl

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the addition effect of two organic compounds namely; p‐anisidine (P1) and 4‐nitroaniline (P2) against corrosion of C38 steel in an acidic medium HCl 1 M. We opted for these inhibitors belonging to the aniline family which is characterized by their solubility, their low cost, and their use as corrosion inhibitors in acidic environments. The concentration effect of the two products P1 and P2 either by stationary or by transiency measurements appears a significant decrease in the corrosion rate, and that the inhibition efficiency IE% reaches a value of 88.55 % and 84 % for a concentration of 1 mM respectively of P1 and P2. The thermodynamic parameters taken from the electrochemical impedance curves indicate that the tested inhibitors are adsorbed on the metal surface by a mixed mechanism (physical‐chemisorption), because the free adsorption energy of P1 and P2 is respectively equal to −38.02 Kj.mol−1 and −37.56 Kj.mol−1, and they are subjected to the Langmuir isotherm. The temperature effect lets to determine the activation energy (Ea) from the Arrhenius equation; however, the values of Ea indicate the adsorption of organic compounds on the metal surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested that the products tested could effectively block acid attack on metal surfaces. In parallel to experimental approach, theoretical one based on theoretical function density (DFT) calculation and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is considered to investigate in depth the inhibition behavior of studied compounds.

Green Eugenol Oligomers as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in 1M HCl

This study investigated the corrosion inhibition of polyeugenol on API P110 in 1 M HCl. Its monomer – eugenol – is obtained from clove and cinnamon, making the oligomer environmentally friendly. The influence of molecular weight and polymerization degree was evaluated by increasing the polymerization initiator/monomer ratio. This enabled the polymerization of three different oligomers (P10, P20 and P30), which were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), and size exclusion chromatography techniques. The inhibition performance of polyeugenol was determined by weight loss (WL) and electrochemical tests to assess the influence of structural differences. WL indicated that the oligomer with the lowest polymerization degree (P10) exhibited greater efficiency (82-84%) due to more uniform surface coverage. Electrochemical tests confirmed polyeugenol as a mixed inhibitor. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) calculations indicated the presence of an organic layer covering the steel surface.

Corrosion protection of mild steel in Hydrochloric acid solutions using expired Hydrocortisone sodium succinate drug

The erosion hindrance of carbon steel in 1M HCl in nearness and nonappearance of terminated Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate has been examined utilizing mass-loss. Comes about gotten appeared that the restraint productivity expanded with the increment of the concentration of the utilized medicate and diminished with the increment of temperature. The adsorption of this sedate on carbon steel surface takes after Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. A few thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The motor parameters of erosion of carbon steel in HCl arrangement have been examined. Keywords: Corrosion inhibition; Carbon steel; Hydrocortisone

Expired Chicken Egg-White Extract’s Adsorption Behavior As a Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in 1M HCl

The inhibitory activity of the expired egg-white carbon steel (CS) extract in HCl solution was studied in this article. The extract was examined using FT-IR, and the surface was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Weight loss techniques at various temperatures were used to examine corrosion investigations (298, 308, 318, and 328 K), concentrations (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg. L−1) of extracts, and electrochemical measurements (potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at 25°C and different concentrations. Results. Results obtained through EIS demonstrated a maximal inhibition efficiency of 90% at an inhibitor concentration of 800 mg. L−1. Moreover, the findings of the potentiodynamic polarization indicated that egg-white extract was a mixed type of inhibitor and slowed down both cathodic and anodic reactions. For weight loss analysis, an inhibitory potency (89, 83, 77, and 71%) at various temperatures (298, 308, 318, and 328 K) was demonstrated, respectively. It indicates that the temperature rise contributes to a decrease in the resistance of the carbon steel. The adsorption of the expired egg-white extract was spontaneous with physisorption and chemisorption according to the Langmuir isotherm model, according to adsorption isotherm studies.

Experimental and theoretical studies on corrosion inhibitory action of Peganum harmala (L.) seeds extract on carbon steel in 1M HCl

The objective of this study is to test the inhibitory efficiency of the methanol extract of P. harmala against the corrosion of carbon steel C38 in 1M hydrochloric acid by gravimetric method and electrochemical measurements. The results indicated that the methanol extract of P. harmala is a good inhibitor of carbon steel. The inhibition efficiency increases with the increase of the concentration of the inhibitor. The nature of adsorption of the extract on carbon steel surface was in conformity with Langmuir isotherm. Both kinetic and thermodynamic parameter of adsorption allows us to suggest chemical adsorption of this inhibitor on the metal. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements show that P. harmala acts as mixed type inhibitor. The result of EIS was correlating with the result of polarization measurement. A theoretical study was done in solution for major alkaloids isolated from P. harmala seeds, and was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set level through the relationship between their molecular and electronic structure. The quantum chemical parameters such as E HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital energy), E LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy), energy gap (ΔE), dipole moment (μ), absolute hardness (η), absolute softness (S), the absolute electronegativity (χ), the fractions of electrons transferred from the inhibitor molecule to the metallic atom (ΔN) and the electrophilicity index (ω) were calculated. The local selectivity and reactivity has been analyzed through the Fukui function indices in order to compare the possible sites for nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks.

Investigation of anticorrosive behaviour of novel tert-butyl 4-[(4-methyl phenyl) carbonyl] piperazine-1-carboxylate for carbon steel in 1M HCl

The main focus of current research is on the synthesis and anticorrosive activity of novel heterocyclic compounds tert-butyl 4-[(4-methyl phenyl) carbonyl] piperazine-1-carboxylate [TBMPCPC]. Electrochemical, quantum chemical, and surface characterization studies at elevated temperatures (303–333 K) for carbon steel in 1M HCl solution studied this molecule's corrosion inhibition property. It is observed from the results of electrochemical studies that the TBMPCPC may be able to effectively protect the steel plate surface with an inhibition efficiency of 91.5 % at 25 ppm in corrosive media. The corrosion inhibition depends on concentration, as concentration also increases inhibition efficiency due to the strong and spontaneous adsorption on the metal's surface. The Tafel polarization measurements concluded that the inhibitor works as a mixed form to protect the carbon steel in the bulk solution from corrosion. The adsorption of the TBMPCPC onto the metal surface was in reliable with the isothermal model of the Langmuir adsorption. The scanning electron microscopy clearly showed that the inhibitor was substantially deposited on the metal surface, indicating substantial inhibition. The surface morphology of carbon steel in the absence and existence of an inhibitor in 1 M HCl is also studied using the Atomic Force Microscopic method.

Electrochemical and Theoretical Study of Corrosion Inhibition on Carbon Steel in 1M HCl Medium by 1,10-Bis(4-Amino-3-Methyl-1,2,4-Triazole-5-Thioyl)Decane

Corrosion inhibition using bolaamphiphile surfactants is related to the ability of these compounds to adsorb on liquid–solid interface. In this work, we have synthesized the 1,10-bis(4-amino-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-thioyl)decane (DTC10) using a new method developed in our laboratory. The synthesized compounds have been purified and characterized by NMR1H and NMR13C spectroscopy. The inhibiting action of DTC10 toward the corrosion of carbon steel in HCl1M solution was investigated using potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We have shown that this compound acts as very good inhibitor for carbon steel in 1M HCl. The values of the transfer resistance, obtained from impedance plots of carbon steel, increase by increasing inhibitor concentration and reach 92% for 10−3M of DTC10. The effects of temperature and immersion time on the inhibition efficiency have also been studied. The effect of temperature was studied between 298 and 328 K; the activation energy Ea and other thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Donating and anti-donating properties of the studied inhibitor 1,10-bis(4-amino-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-thioyl)decane (DTC10) were illustrated using nucleophilic P− and electrophilic P+ Parr functions based on the density functional theory (DFT). The computational Monte Carlo (MC) method was performed to study the adsorption behavior of DTC10 onto Fe(111) surface in the solution (presence of H3O+, Cl− and H2O particles) and in the vacuum (absence of H3O+, Cl− and H2O particles). Accordingly, the adsorption of DTC10 on the iron surface (111) is more preferred in the solution than in the vacuum.

Inhibitive Potential of Prosopis Africana on Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in 1M Hydrochloric Acid Medium

Recently, there is quest for the use of inexpensive, non-toxic, non-biodegradable, readily available and environmentally acceptable corrosion inhibitor. Studies have shown that these properties could be achieved through the use of plants as inhibitor. Inhibiting effect of Prosopis Africana (Iron Tree) seed extracts were assessed on a sample of low carbon steel in 1M HCl with varying proportion of the seed extract using gravimetric, Tafel polarization and gasometrical measurement techniques. The results show that weight loss/corrosion rate decreases with increase in the extracts’ concentrations. Good inhibiting efficiency of Prosopis Africana extracts with optimum inhibiting efficiency of 97.7% at 1.0 g/l after 120 hours exposure in gravimetric measurement was attained. TAFEL polarization results revealed that the Prosopis Africana extract shows that the corrosion current density decreases with the increase in the concentration of the extract. The extract is found suitable as green inhibitor for corrosion of low carbon steel in the studied medium.

Synthesis, NMR characterization, DFT and anti-corrosion on carbon steel in 1M HCl of two novel 1,5-benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines are known for their variety of applications. Herein, the corrosion inhibition efficiency on carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution in the presence and absence of two synthesized benzodiazepines 4-(2-Oxopropylidene)-1-propargyl-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one (PTB) and 1-decyl-4-(2-oxopropylidene)-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2-one (DTB) was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods at various concentrations from 10−3 to 10−6 K. The obtained structures were characterized using NMR spectroscopy. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives act as a mixed type inhibitor. The various parameters of activation determining the kinetic data such as energy, enthalpy and entropy of the inhibitors were evaluated and discussed. The adsorptive behavior of PTB and DTB followed Langmuir-type isotherm. The standard free energies of adsorption were negative due to better inhibition performance. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31 + G (d,p) level of theory in polarizable continuum model reveal that the high inhibition of efficiency of DTB compared with PTB may refer mainly to the easy electron transfer from the former to the carbon steel surface.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Bis-Pyrazoline Derivative as Corrosion Inhibitor for A283 Carbon Steel in 1M HCl: Electrochemical, Surface, DFT and MD Simulation Studies

The effect of a new synthesized bis-pyrazoline derivative namely: 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene) bis [1‑formyl-4,5-dihydro-3-phenyl-1H pyrazole] (Bis-Pyr) on carbon steel corrosion in 1M HCl was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and EIS measurement. DFT calculation and molecular dynamics simulation were used to confirm the experimental results. The results showed that inhibition efficiency of the (Bis-Pyr) compound increases with the increase of its concentration and acts as a mixed type inhibitor, e.i affecting both anodic and cathodic reactions. The adsorption of the compound on steel surface is both physical and chemical adsorptions and follows Langmuir isotherm. The surface morphology of the steel surface was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data obtained from theoretical and experimental studies were in reasonable agreement.

Synthesis of novel cationic gemini surfactant and evaluation as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1M HCl

Synthesis of novel cationic gemini surfactant and evaluation as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1M HCl

1, 2(2, 2-dihydroxy Benzelidenamine) Phenyl Complexes as Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid

The corrosion inhibition on carbon steel in 1MHCl by 1, 2(2, 2-dihydroxy benzelidenamine) phenyl and its complexes was studied at different concentrations by weight loss method. Data mark, for the compound shows good performance. These measurements show that the inhibition efficiency obtained by these complexes increased by increasing their concentration. The inhibition efficiency follow the order Co>Ni>Cu. The activation and adsorption thermodynamic parameters were determined and discussed. The surface coverage (Ɵ) of the inhibitors conform Langmuir adsorption isotherm. (Morphology) of the carbon steel alloy has been examine using scanning electron microscopy in existence and inexistence of inhibitor.