Carbon Sequestration Technologies Research Articles

The Future of Agriculture in A Carbon Constrained World

In a world grappling with the far-reaching consequences of climate change and a growing imperative to lower emissions of greenhouse gases, agriculture’s potential finds itself at a critical juncture. This paper explores the intricate dynamics of agriculture in a carbon-constrained world, presenting a nuanced analysis of the multifaceted challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. With a focus on sustainable practices, carbon sequestration, and innovative technologies, this study elucidates the pathways through which agriculture can transition towards a low-carbon and climate-resilient future. From precision farming and agroforestry to advanced breeding techniques and digital agriculture, a spectrum of strategies emerges to mitigate the carbon footprint of agriculture while concurrently enhancing productivity and food security. Moreover, the paper underscores the indispensable role of policy frameworks, international cooperation, and public-private partnerships in ushering in a transformative era for agriculture that aligns harmoniously with global climate goals. This review explores carbon foot printing methodologies in agriculture and their implications for sustainable practices. Additionally, it highlights role of carbon foot printing in informing decision-makers, examines emerging trends like precision agriculture, and addresses associated challenges. This review identifies these gaps and offers recommendations for future research. In elucidating these key themes, this paper advances to a thorough comprehensive understanding of the imperative to embrace innovation and sustainability as guiding principles for the future of farming in a carbon-constrained world.

Analysis of the impacts of carbon neutral policy portfolios on the economy, environment, and residents' welfare based on computable general equilibrium models

The efficacy of the synergistic interplay of various programs about energy efficiency and emission reduction in China's endeavor to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality remains to be determined. This research constructed a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to examine the economic, environmental, social, and energy consequences of various policy combinations. Using data from the 2018 input-output table of China, we create 21 industry sectors and examine the combined impacts of different carbon policies. Our findings indicate that the effects of carbon emission reduction are more favorable when multiple carbon-neutral policies are implemented together, compared to the impact of a single policy. Among the various combinations of policies examined, the combination of feed-in tariff subsidy policy (FIT), renewable energy quota policy (RPS), carbon trading, carbon tax, and carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS) technology proves to be the most effective. The study predicts that by 2060, this combination of policies could lead to a reduction of 32.5% in carbon dioxide emissions. At the same time, it was discovered that a combination of lower-intensity renewable energy quotas, carbon trading, carbon taxes, and higher-intensity subsidies for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies, the synergy indicator θ exceeds 1, indicating a more stable economy; When the carbon tax policy is more robust, and the remaining three policies are more minor, carbon emissions fall the most and are the most ecologically beneficial. Imposing excessively high renewable energy quotas while maintaining the same level of technology and substitutability between fossil fuels and electric energy sources will result in economic instability afterward. Therefore, we suggest that to attain balanced growth of the environment, society, and economy, the government should increase the function of policy combinations and balance several objectives.

Addressing Health Equity in the Context of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration Technologies.

To describe the role of health equity in the context of carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS) technologies. CCUS technologies have the potential to both improve and worsen health equity. They could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a major contributor to climate change, but they could also have negative health impacts like air and noise pollution. More research is needed to fully understand the health equity implications of CCUS technologies. CCUS technologies have both health equity risks and benefits. Implementing misguided CCUS projects in vulnerable communities could exacerbate environmental injustice and health disparities and have the potential to increase carbon emissions. However, well-conceived projects could benefit communities through economic development. Governments, industry, and society should prioritize and expedite the reduction of CO2 emissions before considering carbon reductions via CCUS. Furthermore, CCUS projects must be thoroughly evaluated and should only proceed if they have demonstrated a net reduction in CO2 emissions and provide more benefits than risks to local communities. This underscores the importance of prioritizing health equity in the planning of CCUS projects.

Advanced Technologies for Carbon Sequestration and Capture

Advanced Technologies for Carbon Sequestration and Capture

The synergistic mechanism of hydration regulation and carbonation curing on the carbon sequestration and impermeability enhancement of cementitious materials

Carbonation curing, as a novel curing method, gradually plays an important role in the reduction of carbon emissions and the improvement of durability for cementitious materials. This study considers the intervention of carbonation at different ages of hydration and investigates the synergistic effect of nano-titanium dioxide (NT) regulating cement hydration and 20% CO2 carbonation curing on the enhancement of carbon sequestration and durability performance of cement mortar. The results show that early-age carbonation curing and the addition of NT increase the unit area carbon sequestration of cement mortar at the age of 28 days by 242.75% (0.41 kg/m2); meanwhile, some micro-nano-sized calcite crystals and NT jointly play a nucleation and filling role during hydration, optimizing the pore structure. As a result, the unit area capillary water absorption coefficient and gas permeability coefficient decrease by 70.55% and 91.89%, respectively, inhibiting the continuous diffusion of CO2 and achieving controlled surface carbonation. Based on the pore characteristics of the carbonated surface, this study also proposes a “Sieve filter” structure hypothesis model, which suggests a negative correlation between pore structure and surface depth under the synergistic mechanism. This can provide innovative ideas for the cement industry to enhance the durability performance of reinforced concrete prefabricated components using carbon sequestration technology.

Co-grafting of polyethyleneimine on facilely synthesized mesoporous P(DVB-D) for highly effective CO2 adsorption and enhanced oxidation resistance

Solid amine adsorbents are showing promise as effective adsorbents for the capture of CO2 from various gas mixtures, including biogas and flue exhaust gas. In this study, we introduced a co-grafting strategy using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) on the surface of P(DVB-D). This approach aimed to exploit the reaction involving the opening of epoxy groups with amine groups, forming covalent bonds between polyethyleneimine (PEI) and mesoporous organic polymers, along with the introduction of hydroxy groups to enhance adsorbent long-term stability and antioxidation ability. After an extensive assessment, P(DVB-D)@B-41.2 %PEI exhibited a maximum CO2 capture capacity of 4.53 mmol/g at 50 °C and 50 % RH. Notably, its remarkable CO2 adsorption performance persisted across a diverse temperature spectrum (30–90 °C) and an extensive concentration span (5–30 % vol.). In contrast to conventional adsorbents prepared solely through impregnation methods, P(DVB-D)@B-41.2 %PEI exhibited impressive long-term stability throughout 50 successive cycles and excellent resistance to oxidative degradation. These findings underscore the considerable potential of P(DVB-D)@B-41.2 %PEI in the realm of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology.

Modeling gas–liquid equilibrium of carbon dioxide in mixtures of (1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate + 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine + water) and (1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate + bis (3-aminopropyl) amine + water) by electrolyte non-random two liquid (e-NRTL) model

Targeting the control in emissions of post-combustion carbon dioxide capture from large point sources, a simulation approach towards the estimation of important thermodynamic property parameters useful in designing of carbon capture and sequestration technologies is being proposed. In the current work, simulation is carried out for modeling the gas – liquid equilibrium of CO2 in two aqueous mixtures of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ([bmim][Ac]) and amines viz. ([bmim][Ac] + 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine) (AEP) and ([bmim][Ac] + bis (3-aminopropyl) amine) (APA). The experimental CO2 solubilities were taken from our previously published work and is regressed with electrolyte–Non-Random Two Liquid (e-NRTL) model for the liquid phase while Redlich-Kwong (RK) equations of state (EOS) was used to model the gas phase. Various thermodynamic parameters of importance and concentration of species in the mixtures were regressed in the model using Aspen Plus 14.

Engaging Young People in the Development of Innovative Nature-Inspired Technologies for Carbon Sequestration in Cities: Case Studies from Portugal

Currently, cities are the most vulnerable places on the planet to the effects of global change, both anthropogenic and climate-related, and this is not compatible with harmony and well-being regarding the economy, nature, and future generations. Young people have a unique potential to catalyze the transformative sustainable change that the planet needs now, as they are the first generation to grow up with tangible impacts of climate change. We tested a new strategy to empower young people to foster carbon neutrality in cities by engaging them in ecosystem services quantification and technological innovation to increase CO2 sequestration in two Portuguese cities. The species with best performance for carbon sequestration were M. exelsa in Porto and O. europea in Loulé, and for air pollutant removal and hydrological regulation were P. hispanica in Porto and P. pinea in Loulé. Through the innovative advanced summer program SLI, a nature-based learning experience, young people developed two new concepts of technological solutions to accelerate city decarbonization by designing a hedge for air pollution hotspots and a biodevice to be placed at bus stops using autochthonous shrubs and mosses. Initiatives like SLI contribute to a greater awareness among young people about the drivers that brought us to the current climate emergency, motivating them towards more balanced lifestyles and creating innovative nature-based solutions towards a smart and sustainable city.

Post‐combustion capture and other Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) technologies: A review

AbstractTechnologies for capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) and strategies for sequestering carbon dioxide have received a lot of interest in recent years as potential remedies for the curtailment of the growing concerns of emissions of greenhouse gases and global warming. This article provides a comprehensive analysis on the trends in research and development in the area of CO2 carbon capture and sequestration at the moment. The review explores various technological approaches for capturing CO2 from industrial emissions, such as post‐combustion capture systems, pre‐combustion capture systems, and oxy‐fuel combustion system. It also gives a major insight into the post‐combustion capture of carbon by means of a summary, information obtained via a personal interview with a Combustion Based Unit (CBU) plant manager. Additionally, different methods for storing and sequestering the aforementioned gas, including geological and oceanic archiving, and mineralization, are examined. By synthesizing the findings from a wide range of studies and research papers, this literature review provides valuable insights into the current technologies for CO2 capture, storage, and sequestration, contributing to the ongoing efforts in addressing climate change and achieving sustainable development goals.

Recent progress in the characterization and application of exo-electrogenic microorganisms.

Exo-electrogenic microorganisms are characterized by their special metabolic capability of transferring metabolic electrons out of their cell, into insoluble external electron acceptors such as iron or manganese oxides and electrodes, or vice versa take up electron from electrodes. Their conventional application is primarily limited to microbial fuel cells for electrical power generation and microbial electrolysis cells for the production of value-added products such as biohydrogen, biomethane and hydrogen peroxide. The utility of exo-electrogenic organisms has expanded into many other applications in recent times. Such examples include microbial desalination cells, microbial electro-synthesis cells producing value-added chemicals such as bio-butanol and their applications in other carbon sequestration technologies. Additionally, electrochemically-active organisms are now beginning to be employed in biosensor applications for environmental monitoring. Additionally, the utility of biocathodes in bio-electrochemical systems is also a novel application in catalyzing the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction to enhance their electrochemical performance. Advances have also been made in the expansion and use of other organisms such as the usage of photosynthetic microorganisms for the fabrication of self-sustained bio-electrochemical systems. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive picture of the state-of the art of exo-electrogenic organisms and their novel utility in bioelectrochemical systems.

Current technology landscape of biochar in carbon capture and storage research via bibliometric analysis

<abstract> <p>This study explores the current technology landscape and intersection of biochar and carbon capture and storage (CCS) within the engineering field, presenting a meticulous analysis gleaned from the Scopus database through bibliometric analysis. In response to the urgent need to address the escalating climate crisis, biochar, with its high carbon content, emerges as a promising and resilient tool for carbon sequestration. A literature review establishes biochar's pivotal role in mitigating climate change with contributions including substantial carbon sequestration potential, economic benefits, and positive impacts on soil structure and crop yields. Distinguishing between the applications of biochar and CCS, this paper emphasizes their complementary roles in decarbonization. By employing VOSviewer, an advanced bibliometric tool, a quantitative exploration of global connections identifying prominent authors, highly cited literature, and research trends is provided. The results reveal a substantial increase in publications related to biochar in CCS, particularly during the rapid development phase from 2016 to 2023, reflecting a growing interest in utilizing biochar as a carbon sink. Key insights from the co-occurrence analysis of keywords shed light on evolving research focuses, with three distinct clusters demonstrating the interconnectedness of adsorption, biochar, and pyrolysis. The precise method highlights a shift in research focus towards more impactful areas, particularly water pollutant removal and adsorption. The conclusion emphasizes biochar's dual role in soil carbon sequestration and carbon capture technologies, showcasing its versatility as a valuable tool in climate change mitigation efforts. Despite challenges in large-scale implementation, biochar, especially in the context of direct air capture and bioenergy CCS, emerges as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent. In summary, this bibliometric analysis encapsulates a rigorous exploration of biochar and CCS, contributing valuable insights for researchers, policymakers and practitioners. By navigating uncharted territory, this study guides future endeavors toward impactful and relevant areas of study in the pursuit of sustainable climate change mitigation.</p> </abstract>

CO2 Mineralized Sequestration and Assistance by Microorganisms in Reservoirs: Development and Outlook

The goals of carbon neutrality and peak carbon have officially been proposed; consequently, carbon dioxide utilization and sequestration technology are now in the limelight. Injecting carbon dioxide into reservoirs and solidifying and sequestering it in the form of carbonates after a series of geochemical reactions not only reduces carbon emissions but also prevents carbon dioxide from leaking out of the formation. Carbon dioxide mineralization sequestration, which has good stability, has been considered the best choice for large-scale underground CO2 sequestration. To provide a comprehensive exploration of the research and prospective advancements in CO2 mineralization sequestration within Chinese oil and gas reservoirs, this paper undertakes a thorough review of the mechanisms involved in CO2 mineralization and sequestration. Special attention is given to the advancing front of carbon dioxide mineralization, which is driven by microbial metabolic activities and the presence of carbonic anhydrase within oil and gas reservoirs. The paper presents an in-depth analysis of the catalytic mechanisms, site locations, and structural attributes of carbonic anhydrase that are crucial to the mineralization processes of carbon dioxide. Particular emphasis is placed on delineating the pivotal role of this enzyme in the catalysis of carbon dioxide hydration and the promotion of carbonate mineralization and, ultimately, in the facilitation of efficient, stable sequestration.

Exploring carbon sequestration potential through 3D concrete printing

ABSTRACT As global CO2 concentrations rise, there is a pressing need for sustainable alternatives in the construction sector as many countries are striving to attain net carbon neutrality. Integrating carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies directly into 3D concrete printing offer a promising solution to reduce the carbon footprint in the construction sector. This paper investigates a novel printing technique involving the purging of pressurised CO2 gas was demonstrated and the various process parameters were evaluated for its effectiveness in promoting carbon sequestration. Results show that the carbon-sequestrated sample has a 15% increase in carbon uptake as compared to the control sample. The method can be complementary to existing sequestration technologies, facilitating large-scale carbon sequestration without chamber size limitations. Nevertheless, further research and development are necessary to optimise the various printing parameters and achieve a more balanced and efficient integration of carbon capture and sequestration technologies with 3DCP.

Cellulose-based materials for carbon capture and conversion

With the worldwide attention on decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is utilized to stop CO2 from escaping into the atmosphere. Selecting appropriate materials is crucial for the establishment of a dependable and secure carbon capture and storage technology infrastructure. The natural cellulose materials possess inherent characteristics such as eco-friendliness, high utility, remarkable physical and mechanical properties, which make them particularly available for CCS. In the field of carbon capture, utilization and sequestration technologies, cellulose-based materials can be used as adsorbents for CO2 capture and as catalyst carriers for CO2 conversion. Firstly, the application of cellulose-based materials in carbon capture and conversion is introduced. Secondly, the research progress of cellulose-based films, aerogels and solid adsorbents in the field of carbon capture are summarized. Subsequently, the research mechanisms of cellulose-based materials for the conversion of CO2 to methanol format, carbonate and CO are also described in detail. Finally, the challenges and the key problems of cellulose-based materials in carbon capture and utilization are described.

Decarbonizing the Atmosphere Using Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration: Challenges, Opportunities, and Policy Implications in India

The IPCC’s (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) special report highlights the urgent necessity of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, prompting a vital exploration of decarbonization methods. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) play a pivotal role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and power generation, helping to combat climate change and meet global decarbonization goals. This article focuses on the economic prospects and market potential of carbon capture technologies in India, specifically in utilizing captured CO2 in the power, petrochemicals, and fertilizer sectors. It also emphasizes decarbonization through carbon sequestration involving geological storage to extract carbon dioxide from the environment, ultimately reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This article stresses the need to develop new technologies for carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration to overcome technical and financial barriers. It highlights the importance of improving efficiency, reducing costs, and scaling up these technologies for widespread adoption. Additionally, this study delves into the essential policy and regulatory frameworks for CCUS implementation, emphasizing the need for standards and laws to ensure safety, environmental protection, and effective monitoring in the Indian context. The research findings and recommendations provide valuable insights for future CCUS implementation, advancing sustainable decarbonization efforts in India and globally.

Economic and environmental viability of biofuel production from organic wastes: A pathway towards competitive carbon neutrality

Production of renewable C1 transport biofuels (such as biomethane and biomethanol) through the integration of anaerobic digestion (AD) with carbon capture, utilization and sequestration technologies may offer a solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This paper presented a detailed techno-economic and environmental assessment of four cases for biomethane or biomethanol production by incorporating AD, CO2 utilization via biomethanation (CU), solid digestate pyrolysis (Py) and methanol synthesis (MeOH). The results reflected the current state of technologies and potential future scenarios within a mature market. Under optimistic scenarios (scaled-up systems and reduced hydrogen price of 1 €/kg), the minimum potential GHG abatement cost for the AD-Py-CU case was −111.1 €/t CO2-eq when biomethane was sold at 1.03 €/Nm3 (a contract gas price in 2022), while the abatement cost rose to −58.2 €/t CO2-eq when H2 was purchased at 3.40 €/kg. When methanol was sold at 425 €/t (global weighted average value), the marginal abatement cost for the AD-Py-CU-MeOH (with H2 at 1.0 €/kg) case was 136.5 €/t CO2-eq, which is higher than current carbon credits at 33.5 €/t CO2. This study suggests that biomethane produced by incorporating AD, CO2 biomethanation and pyrolysis technologies may be economically and environmentally competitive over natural gas.

Influences of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on regulation of crystalline growth and early carbonation of cementitious composites

As the major source of carbon emission in the construction industry, Cement has presented an urgent challenge that demands the resolution of its high carbon emission issue. Utilizing in-situ CO2 capture from plant sites for the carbonation curing of cementitious materials can be regarded as an effective carbon sequestration method. This study employs low-concentration CO2 curing to modify nano titanium dioxide (NT)-enhanced cementitious materials. By investigating the influence of highly homogeneous NT on the crystalline growth and microstructural evolution of hydration product Ca(OH)2, this research further explores the impact of low-concentration CO2 curing on the early-stage carbonation behavior of the surface layer of cementitious materials. The results of this study indicate incorporation of 2 wt% NT promotes the degree of cement hydration, particularly during the first three days, leading to a 31.11% increase in the generation of the hydration product Ca(OH)2 at 1 day and 20.82% increase at 3 days compared to the blank sample, and a significant reducing of the crystalline size and directional growth index of Ca(OH)2 to increase the specific surface area of Ca(OH)2, thereby promote early carbonation of the cementitious mortar surface. The carbon uptake of the specimens at 28 days reaches 0.94 kg/m2 after exposure to 3% CO2 concentrations, forming a dense protective layer of calcium carbonate on the surface. The gas permeability coefficient of the surface decreases by 79.57%, enhancing the resistance of long-term continuous carbonation. This study provides innovative ideas for the cement industry in terms of utilizing surface carbonation of the substrate to promote carbon sequestration technology.

CO2 Capture and Concentration Process by Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells

To decarbonize the transportation sectors, the use of atmospheric CO2 as a chemical feedstock has attracted tremendous interest from industries and academia in recent decades due to its potential to address the current challenge on global warming and climate change. The carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration technologies by electrochemical cells are being developed and investigated to reduce the energy requirement. Here, we develop and demonstrate an alternative solid oxide electrochemical cell configuration with hybrid electrolyte membrane electrode assembly (HE-MEA) for the separation and capture of CO2. This process is optimized by tuning electrolyte compositions and operating conditions to maximize CO2 capture efficiency. The working mechanism of cathode was investigated by advanced characterization techniques and resulted in the better material designs. The present study paves a way for CO2 capture at elevated temperatures.

Co-grafting of polyethyleneimine on mesocellular silica foam for highly efficient CO2 capture

Solid amine materials have emerged as a class of adsorbent with promising potential for CO2 capture from gas mixtures, such as biogas and flue gas. In this work, we developed a novel CO2 capture material via co-grafting of polyethyleneimine (PEI) on mesocellular silica foam (MCF), and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)triethoxysilane (GPTES) was first used as a bridging medium. In the fabrication procedure of MCF@G-35.6 %PEI, a simple impregration of PEI in MCF modified with epoxy groups was conducted. In this procedure, the co-grafting of PEI was realized in terms of a portion of PEI (21.3 wt%) was anchored on the pore surface of MCF via the epoxy/amine reaction and the rest of PEI (14.3 wt%) could be stably attached to the pore surface of MCF via its interaction with anchored PEI. After systematic evaluation, the MCF@G-35.6 %PEI exhibited a maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of 2.78 mmol/g at 50 °C and 50 %RH and fast adsorption kinetics with equilibrium time (break through from C/C0 = 5 % to 95 %) is 22.85 min. Meanwhile, outstanding CO2 adsorption capabilities within a wide temperature range of 30–90 °C and a large concentration range of 5–30 % vol. CO2 were obtained by the use of MCF@G-35.6 %PEI. More importantly, the MCF@G-35.6 %PEI also exhibited an excellent long-term stability over 50 consecutive cycles. CO2 adsorption kinetics of the sorbent was found to follow Avrami’s fractional order model and intraparticle diffusion model. Furthermore, temperature-programmed desorption was conducted to investigate the desorption kneitics and adsorption mechanism. All these findings demonstrate the great potential of MCF@G-35.6 %PEI for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology.

Prediction of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology in a 125 MW tangentially coal-fired subcritical thermal power plant for retrofitting in Bangladesh

The main objective of this study is to assess the use of carbon capturing and sequestration (CCS) technology in the existing plant to reduce the emissions leading to retrofitting. A typical 125 MW tangentially coal-fired Barapukuria Thermal Power Plant (BTPP), Bangladesh has been scrutitinized considering air-firing (existing) and five different oxy-firing (OF) cases have been numerically investigated. For predicting the particle flow, radiative heat transfer and turbulence effects, discrete droplet method (DDM), discrete transfer radiation method (DTRM) and k–ϵ model is considered respectively. For homogeneous reaction for the devolatilization and heterogeneous reactions for the char oxidation process, a two steps reaction mechanism is considered. Model has been validated by comparing the predicted flue gas temperature against the plant data at different positions of the furnace and reasonable agreement have been observed. This study assessed the flow characteristics, thermal behavior and species generations of the selected plant under 80% fuel loading. It is predicted that with the increase of cases from air-firing, level of oxiding elements are increasing in the main combustion zone due to enriched O2 level leading to complete combustion of the particles. It is also found that for OF 31 case, level of CO2 is close to the air-firing case. it has been found that wall temperature is comparatively higher for 100% loading and comparatively lower for 50% loading for almost all similar type of air or oxy-firing conditions. For 100% load, the wall temperature has been reached around 2900 K for OF31 case. It is predicted that air operation equivalent to oxy-firing have been found at < OF 30+ % (Flame temp), at = OF 30+ % (Convec Heat transfer) and at > OF 30+ % (radiative Heat transfer) respectively.