Carbon Monoxid Research Articles

Aerosol optical properties and their impacts on the co–occurrence of surface ozone and particulate matter in Kunming City, on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau of China

It's urgent to clarify the quantitative relationship between declining fine−particle (PM2.5) concentrations and increasing ozone (O3) levels as ozone pollution is increasingly severe in China. Here, we analyze the ground–based data of aerosol optical properties, particulates, and gaseous pollutants collected in a simultaneous observation in Kunming, locate in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, from June 2014 to May 2017. The data exhibit slightly rising levels of PM2.5, O3, and carbon monoxid (CO), declining AOD (aerosol optical depth) but increasing AE (Angstrom exponent). Both the seasonal PM2.5 and CO concentrations were low in the wet season and high in the dry season. The seasonal ozone levels and AE almost increased monotonically while the seasonal AOD decreased wavelike. Overall, the maximum daily 8h average (MDA8) O3 concentrations positively related to PM2.5 concentrations with temperature>22 °C, RH<45%, and AOD<1.0 in the wet season. Generally, MDA8 O3 concentrations didn't fluctuate with PM2.5 concentrations in the dry season. High SSA (single scattering albedo) corresponded to high MDA8 O3 concentrations and low SSA corresponded to low MDA8 O3 concentrations in the wet season. However, lower SSA values in the dry season were observable. Most high MDA8 O3 concentrations (>100 μg m−3) in the wet season occurred with AE at 1.0–1.5. High MDA8 O3 concentrations (>100 μg m−3) in dry season appeared with an AE range of ~0.75–1.75. Low MDA8 O3 concentrations occurred with AOD>2.0 and RH>75%, despite T>20 °C. The biomass−burning/urban aerosols were dominant (71.11% in the wet season and 74.40% in the dry season). The PSCF (Potential Source Contribution Function) results revealed the air pollutants from inside and outside China will have great impacts on the pollutant levels in Kunming besides the local emissions. Particularly, the severe pollution in India may aggravate Kunming's air pollution.

Comparison of the Automatized and the Optimized Carbon Monoxid Rebreathing Protocol

Comparison of the Automatized and the Optimized Carbon Monoxid Rebreathing Protocol

The Prebiotic Stage and the Evolution of Life on Earth

The paper is a synthesis of the information collected so far on the origin and evolution of life on Earth. The life appearance and its evolution is correlated to matter evolution in univers: Big Bang, inorganic, organic, prebiotic, unicellular and multicellular stages. Concerning prebiotic stage in life evolution we present our theory based on syntone chemistry. Three syntones-methylene, nitrene and carbon monoxid carried by molecular nitrogen at law temperature could furnish the prebiotic bricks (sugars, lipids, proteins) at the contact to primary atmosphere components. Also, we think that these syntones could be considered as sources of great number of organic molecules. All organisms on Earth descend from a last universal common ancestor (LUCA). Two branches were derived from LUCA: one led to bacteria and the other to archaea and eukaryotes. The appearance of photosynthesis determined a transition from the oxygen-free atmosphere to the oxic atmosphere. Due to a series of endosymbioses, Eukaryotes emerged as organisms with nucleated cells and aerobic metabolism (which significantly increased the efficiency of cellular energy production). At about the same time appeared the first multicellular organisms. The paper also presents other important moments in the evolution of life on Earth, including the major biological crises in certain periods, resulting in the mass extinction of some groups of organisms. The evolution of the living world on Earth culminated with the emergence of man, the most complex being with language, superior thinking, emotions, creativity, etc.

Rhodium(I) and Iridium(I) Complexes of Ferrocenyl-Functionalized Amidinates and Bis(amidinates): κ2N-Coordination Versus Ferrocenyl Ortho-Metalation

The synthesis and characterization of two bulky ferrocenyl-functionalized amidinates and their lithium, potassium, rhodium(I), and iridium(I) complexes are reported. The ferrocenyl mono(amidine) [Fc{C(NDipp)(NHDipp)}] (1) (Fc = ferrocenyl; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) and its potassium complex [Fc{C(NDipp)2K}·3THF] (2) as well as the 1,1′-ferrocendiyl-bridged bis(amidinate) [fc{C(NMes)2Li}2·3THF] (3) (fc = ferrocene-1,1′-diyl; Mes = mesityl) were synthesized. Salt metathesis reactions with the metal precursors [Rh(cod)Cl]2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and [Ir(cod)Cl]2 gave the rhodium(I) and iridium(I) complexes [Fc{C(NDipp)2Rh(cod)}] (4), [fc{C(NMes)2Rh(cod)}2] (5), and [fc{C(NMes)2Ir(cod)}2] (6), as well as the ortho-metalated compound [(Cp)Fe(C5H3){C(NHDipp)(NDipp)Ir(cod)}] (7). As complex 7 showed an ortho-metalation on the ferrocene backbone, we investigated this reaction in more detail. It was found that the rhodium(I) complexes 4 and 5 also undergo ortho-metalation upon treatment with carbon monoxid...

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EMISSION ANALYSIS OF OXYGENATED FUELS DIMETHYL CARBONATE (DMC) AND DIBUTYL MALEATE (DBM) IN A CI ENGINE

The biggest challenge in front of energy scientists is to find the alternative to diesel engine fuel due to depletion of fossil fuels and the environmental pollution, which is increasing alarmi ngly. Oxygenated fuel is one of the viable solution s to the global environmental changes. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and Dibutyl Malea te (DBM) are two hopeful fuel additives to reduce e mission in diesel engine, due to their high oxygen content, 53.3 and 28 % res pectively. This paper presents an experimental stud y of their effects on the emission characteristics of a diesel engine. DMC an d DBM was used with diesel in different blends for all load ranges of the engine viz. at no load, 25%, 50% and 75% of full load and at full load. All tests were conducted at steady st ate and were set at constant engine speed 1500 RPM. The smoke content reduces by 35% at full load conditions using DMC20 blend, the oxygen content in the emission increases by 39% with DBM15, the decrease in the % of unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxid e is respectively 19 and 21. The blends of diesel with 15% DMC and DBM by vo lume is the best fraction for reduction of smoke an d CO emissions without much affecting the performance of the engine. On th e basis of the results obtained, these additives are effective method for reducing the emission of diesel engine.

In situ Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopic studies of the effects of tin on the electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxid

The modifications in the mode of bonding of CO on polycrystalline Pt in perchloric acid electrolytes induced by the presence of tin have been examined using in situ Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy. It has been concluded, based on the results obtained, that tin adsorbs on a CO-saturated Pt surface displacing up to half of the original CO, and brings about a sizable reduction in the overpotential for CO electrooxidation. In addition, the integrated intensity of the CO peak normalized by the integrated intensity of the CO 2 peak obtained after full CO oxidation appears to be much higher than the corresponding value observed on a tin-free Pt surface. This effect is especially marked for moderate tin coverages at potentials negative to the onset of CO oxidation and has been tentatively associated with the presence of CO on special sites on the tin-free polycrystalline Pt surface for which the IR cross sections are very small.

Kopplung von Stoffaustausch mit chemischer Kinetik beim Abbrand von Kohlepartikeln

AbstractThe boundary layer of a burning particle in an air flow was investigated. It is illustrated, that at high temperatures the combustion is a two‐step mechanism: heterogeneous gasification at the solid surface area and homogeneous combustion of carbon monoxid in the boundary layer. The diffusion controlled burning rate can be calculated from the Sherwoodfunction according to the particular circumstances multiplied by the factor 2, which is confirmed by experiments. At high Reynoldsnumbers the burning rate becomes controlled by the chemical kinetics. The range of particle size in which the chemical kinetics influences the burning rate, is shown in dependence on temperature and air velocity.

Cobaltchelate als Hydrierkatalysatoren. Zur Reduktion von Nitro‐ zu Aminoverbindungen mit Kohlenmonoxid und Wasser als Hydriermittel

Cobalt Chelate Complexes as Hydrogenation Catalysts. The Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Amines with Carbon Monoxid and Water as Hydrogenation AgentCobalt complexes of tetradentate chelating agents have been found to catalyse the selective homogeneous reduction of nitroaryls to amines with carbon monoxide and water at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The cobalt complexes are highly specific. Dinitroaromatics can be reduced to the intermediate nitro amines in good yields; mixtures of nitroaryls can be reduced likewise sequentially. The reaction rate depends on the pH of the reaction solutions.

Strahlenchemie von Kohlenhydraten, IV. γ-Radiolyse von Cellobiose in N2O-gesättigter wäßriger Lösung / γ-Radiolysis of Cellobiose in N2O Saturated Aqueous Solution

After γ-radiolysis of N2O saturated deoxygenated aqueous solutions of cellobiose (10-2Μ) the following products have been determined: Glucose, gluconic acid, 5-keto-glucose, 4-deoxy-glucose, 5-deoxy-gluconic acid, 2-deoxy-gluconic acid, 3-deoxy-4-keto-glucose, 2-deoxy-5-keto-glucose, 4-deoxy-5-keto-glucose, arabinose, 2-deoxy-ribose, ribose, erythrose, threose, 2-deoxy-tetrose, dihydroxy acetone, 3-deoxy-pentulose, 2-butanone-1,4-diol, 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural, carbon monoxid, and C12-acids (probably cellobionic acid and 2-deoxy-cellobionic acid). Analytical techniques were column chromatography, t. l. c. and g. l. c. combined with m. s.

Blood Transfusion in Treatment of Acute Severe Carbon Monoxid Poisoning.

Blood Transfusion in Treatment of Acute Severe Carbon Monoxid Poisoning.

APRAXIAS AND OTHER NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELÆ OF CARBON MONOXID ASPHYXIA

The general problem of carbon monoxid asphyxia is reviewed. The serious neurological complications are enumerated. Special attention is given to the reports of aphasic disturbances. The fact that the damage to the nervous system can be widespread, and not simply confined to the globus pallidus, is pointed out. A case is reported, where the patient was revived after a suicidal attempt. He showed loss of the ability to perform certain skilled acts. Agraphia was present. A convulsive disorder has more recently supervened. Due to severe visuo-motor incoordination, he was unable to learn through concrete example, and a carefully planned retraining program, in which all instructions were completely verbalized, was the means by which the function of written speech was returned to the patient.

The Treatment of Carbon Monoxid Poisoning by Ultraviolet Irradiation

The Treatment of Carbon Monoxid Poisoning by Ultraviolet Irradiation

The Detection of Small Traces of Carbon Monoxid in Ethylene.*

The Detection of Small Traces of Carbon Monoxid in Ethylene.*

Carbon monoxid poisoning, with report of new chemical tests for this gas in the blood

Carbon monoxid poisoning, with report of new chemical tests for this gas in the blood

The determination of the circulating blood volume with carbon monoxid: Chang, H. C., and Harrop, George A. Jr. Jour. Clin. Invest., 1928, v, 393

The determination of the circulating blood volume with carbon monoxid: Chang, H. C., and Harrop, George A. Jr. Jour. Clin. Invest., 1928, v, 393

CARBON MONOXID POISONING

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ARTICLENo AccessCARBON MONOXID POISONINGMental and Neurological Changes in a Case of Acute Carbon Monoxid Poisoning with Partial RecoveryMilton C. BormanMilton C. BormanSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.83.1.135AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail PDFThis content is only available as a PDF. Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByNone Volume 83Issue 1 July 1926Pages 135-143 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 July 1926

CARBON MONOXID POISONING

In 1920 Henderson and Haggard 1 published the results of experimental treatments of dogs asphyxiated by carbon monoxid. The rate of fall of the carbon monoxid hemoglobin was studied in control dogs and in dogs treated with air containing 6 per cent. and 10 per cent, carbon dioxid and with oxygen containing 10 per cent. carbon dioxid. As a result of these experiments they advocated the use of a mixture of carbon dioxid in oxygen for carbon monoxid poisoning. In later papers 2 the same workers have recommended the use of a mixture of 95 per cent. oxygen and 5 per cent. carbon dioxid for resuscitation from carbon monoxid asphyxia, from ether or alcohol intoxication and for respiratory failure due to other causes, such as morphin narcosis. In the discussion following the reading of one of these papers, 3 Dr. R. R. Sayers, chief surgeon of the Bureau of Mines, stated that at

FOURTEEN SIMULTANEOUS CASES OF AN ACUTE DEGENERATIVE STRIATAL DISEASE

One of the interesting but unsolved problems of brain pathology is the susceptibility of the striate body to damage from various noxious agents. That vascular accidents in the encephalon occur most often here is primarily a matter of hydrodynamics. Poelchen 1 sought to explain the damage to this structure following poisoning by carbon monoxid and other exogenous toxins as being due to the mechanical ischemia produced by proliferation of the intimal endothelium resulting from the circulating poison. He considered the selective effect on the striatum, especially on the globus pallidus, to be due to the greater precariousness of the blood supply to that part. The tendency of the noxious agents in Parkinson's disease, Wilson's disease, pseudosclerosis and epidemic encephalitis to injure these centers selectively is now well known. An outpatient in the Williams-Porter Hospital, Techow, North China, supposed to be suffering with epidemic encephalitis, informed the physicians that in his

BLACK DAMP AND WHITE DAMP IN MINES

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In Medical News (The Journal, February 28, p. 683) you have noted under the news from Ohio, "Asphyxiation in Caissons," the statement that an investigation of the death of four men "showed that the cause was carbon monoxid asphyxia." There was no evidence of carbon monoxid about the premises, nor suspected from the nature of the deaths which occurred. The cause was "black damp," a condition in which there is not enough oxygen to support respiration. The only item which we have published on the matter occurred in<i>Ohio Health News</i>(<b>1</b>:3 [Feb. 15] 1925). In this the statement is given correctly. In further discussion of the confusion, I would point out that about mines carbon monoxid gas is called "white damp," owing to the usual association of smoke or powder fumes. In the case under question, gas analyses showed, for example, carbon dioxid, 6.3 per

AN UNUSUAL CORTICAL CHANGE IN CARBON MONOXID POISONING

Among the unusual pathologic findings which occur secondary to carbon monoxid poisoning are changes in the peripheral nerves 1 and in the cortex. 2 Involvement of the globus pallidus is probably the commonest of all the pathologic changes that result from carbon monoxid poisoning. A careful search through the literature has revealed but one case similar to that which we report below; this was by Stewart. 2 REPORT OF A CASE History. —A woman, aged 25, white, married, was admitted to the University Hospital on Aug. 18, 1923, to the service of Dr. Alfred Stengel, to whom we are indebted for the privilege of reporting this case. She was brought in unconscious in a patrol wagon, and the police said that she had been in a room with the gas turned on for one hour and fifty-five minutes. She had cyanosis and was almost pulseless. Artificial respiration was necessary for