Carbon-metal Nanocomposites Research Articles

Recent Trends in Nanomaterial Based Electrochemical Sensors for Drug Detection: Considering Green Assessment.

An individual's therapeutic drug exposure level is directly linked to corresponding clinical effects. Rapid, sensitive, inexpensive, portable and reliable devices are needed for diagnosis related to drug exposure, treatment, and prognosis of diseases. Electrochemical sensors are useful for drug monitoring due to their high sensitivity and fast response time. Also, they can be combined with portable signal read-out devices for point-of-care applications. In recent years, nanomaterials such as carbon-based, carbon-metal nanocomposites, noble nanomaterials have been widely used to modify electrode surfaces due to their outstanding features including catalytic abilities, conductivity, chemical stability, biocompatibility for development of electrochemical sensors. This review paper presents the most recent advances about nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors including the use of green assessment approach for detection of drugs including anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotics covering the period from 2019 to 2023. The sensor characteristics such as analyte interactions, fabrication, sensitivity, and selectivity are also discussed. In addition, the current challenges and potential future directions of the field are highlighted.

Magnetic Behavior of Carbon–Metal Nanocomposites

. Magnetic properties of carbon–metal nanocomposites were investigated depending on the preparation conditions, metal content and phase composition. Their correlation with the structure is discussed.

Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Carbon and Carbon–Metal Nanocomposites Using a Natural Cellular Material as the Carbon Precursor

AbstractTwo‐dimensional carbon nanostructures, including carbon nanoflakes that are formed from the disassembly of carbon foams and carbon–metal composites, were directly synthesized using the stem pith of the rice‐paper plant (SPRP) as the carbon precursor and also the synthesis template. SPRP has a foamlike porous structure. SPRP was pyrolyzed to prepare carbon foam with ultralow apparent density, and this foam was ruptured to produce carbon nanoflakes with a lateral size up to hundreds of micrometers and a thickness of approximately 100 nm. Palladium and platinum were added to the SPRP foams by wet impregnation, and the impregnated foams were subsequently converted into composites of metal nanoparticles and carbon in the form of foams or nanoflakes. The composites were characterized using electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The metal nanoparticles were found to be highly crystalline with diameters in the range of several tens of nanometers (palladium) and several nanometers (platinum), and were uniformly distributed throughout the carbon nanoflakes. The amount of metal in the composite was tunable by changing the impregnation time and the concentration of the impregnation solution.

Precursor‐Controlled Formation of Novel Carbon/Metal and Carbon/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites

Carbonaceous materials have long been considered as a high-performance material due to their light weight, high thermal resistance, tunable porosity and strength, but also because of their exciting electronic properties. When hybridized with other metal nanoparticles to form carbon/ metal nanocomposites (CMCs), multifunctionality is achieved through the combination of carbon and metal, leading to interesting magnetic materials, catalysts, battery electrodes, or chemical sensors. Various methods for preparing CMCs have been developed. In most cases, metal cations deposited on carbonaceous materials were reduced chemically or physically to form CMCs. In these processes, heterogeneous dispersion and agglomeration of the particles are problematic. Although carefully handled pyrolysis of organic/metal complexes can avoid strong agglomeration and obtain welldispersed particles in the carbon matrix, effective adjustment of the structure of CMCs is challenging due to the difficulty of controlling molecular interactions at high temperatures. It is known that the precursor structure influences the structure of the carbon materials. Recently, the solid-state pyrolysis of well-defined, carbon-rich precursors into carbonaceous particles with unique structures demonstrated the close relationship between precursor and product, which stimulated the concept of precursor-controlled thermolysis towards defined carbon materials.