Carbon Dots Solution Research Articles

A Gradient Photothermal Hydrogel with Carbon-Dots Deposited Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoflowers as Photothermal Centers for Efficient Solar-Driven Water Evaporation and Treatment

Given the urgency of water pollution and freshwater scarcity, the pursuit of efficient and clean desalination techniques has gained prominence. In this study, a multi-defective molybdenum disulfide nanoflower was synthesized within a carbon-dots solution environment, named CDs/MoS2, exhibiting exceptional photothermal and catalytic properties. Relying on the excellent photothermal properties, antibacterial rates of up to 94% and 99% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Additionally, the CDs/MoS2 nanoflowers exhibited a remarkable removal efficiency of 91% for high concentrations of methylene blue (MB) through photodegradation. A gradient photothermal composite hydrogel (CDs/MoS2@PVA Hydrogel) was designed to serve as a solar-driven clean water generator to isolate drinking water from various non-potable water. The gradient hydrogel effectively enhanced solar energy absorption through light trapping, creating dispersed hot spots to capture and activate water molecules. As a result, it achieved a high evaporation rate of 1.49 kg m-2 h-1 at a solar radiation of 1 kW m-2, with an impressive solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency of 92.5%. The hydrogel was successfully employed in diverse water treatment applications, including desalination, anti-bacteria and removal of organic contaminants from water. This study presents an innovative approach to developing novel solar vapor materials for water purification purposes.

Polymeric nanoparticles loaded with vincristine and carbon dots for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy and imaging

Chemotherapy for hepatoblastoma is limited by organ toxicity and poor outcomes, prompting the search for new, more effective treatments with minimal side effects. Vincristine sulfate, a potent chemotherapeutic, faces challenges due to P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance and its systemic toxicity. Nanoparticles offer a promising solution by improving pharmacokinetics, targeting tumor cells, thus reducing side effects. Moreover, the use of fluorescent nanomaterials is emerging in biomedical applications such as bioimaging, detection and therapies. This study describes a promising delivery system utilizing carbon dots encapsulated with vincristine in biodegradable polycaprolactone nanoparticles via a double emulsion technique. The fine characterization of these nanoparticles showed that they are spherical, uniformly sized with around 200 nm and exhibit excellent colloidal stability. Moreover, the release profile showed prolonged release for both vincristine and carbon dots. In vitro cell viability studies revealed enhanced cancer cell inhibition for the encapsulated drug compared to the vincristine solution. The uptake study indicated clear fluorescence for carbon dots solution and vincristine and carbon dots loaded nanoparticles upon excitation. Additionally, studies on primary mouse hepatocytes demonstrated higher fluorescence intensity in treatment groups. These results suggest that vincristine and carbon dots loaded nanoparticles are effective, target-specific carriers for liver cancer treatment. Furthermore, the carbon dots were not cytotoxic, highlighting their potential in bioimaging and cancer cell studies.

Carbon Dots-Mediated Photodynamic Treatment Reduces Postharvest Senescence and Decay of Grapes by Regulating the Antioxidant System.

Grapes are susceptible to mold and decay during postharvest storage, and developing new technologies to extend their storage period has important application value. Photodynamic technology (PDT) in concurrence with carbon dots (CDs) proposes an innovative and eco-friendly preservation strategy. We examined the effects of carbon dots combined with photodynamic treatment on postharvest senescence and antioxidant system of table grape. The compounding of photodynamic technology with a 0.06 g L-1 CDs solution could possibly extend the postharvest storage period of grape berries. Through this strategy, we achieved a decreased rate of fruit rotting and weight loss alongside the delayed deterioration of fruit firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acid. As paired with photodynamic technology, CDs considerably decreased the postharvest storage loss of phenols, flavonoids, and reducing sugars as compared to the control group. Concurrently, it remarkably postponed the build-up of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2∙-), and malondialdehyde (MDA); elevated the levels of reduced ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH); lowered the levels of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG); raised the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSSH/GSSG; encouraged the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL); and inhibited the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and lipoxygenase (LOX). Furthermore, it enhanced the iron reduction antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging capacity of grape berries. CDs combined with photodynamic treatment could efficiently lessen postharvest senescence and decay of grape berry while extending the storage time.

Regulation of Brightness Attributes of High-Stability Carbon Quantum Dots Applicable in LED Digital Color Display.

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) attract much attention due to high stability and low toxicity. For high brightness, multi-color emission and fluorescence stability, polystyrene (PS)/CDs composite films were prepared. First, three types of CDs and three PS/CDs films were prepared. Then, three light-emitting-diode (LED) devices were achieved. Compared to CDs solutions, CDs filled films show almost unchanged photoluminescence (PL) spectra. PL peaks of blue, green and red films appear at 462nm, 544nm and 603nm, separately. Blue CDs lead to highest photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 76% (solution) and 49% (film). A certain level of thermal stability and fluorescent reversibility of blue film were verified. After 60 days of air exposure, PL intensities of blue and green films reach 97% and 93% of original values, separately. Improving work time cannot vary PL wavelengths of devices. For blue-emitted device, PL intensity reaches 55% of original value after working for 600min. For green-emitted device, PL intensity reaches 80% after working for 300min. The novelty is effective PS encapsulation and uniform dispersion of CDs to yield favorable fluorescence properties of devices. This work inspires ideas for large-scale preparation of fluorescent films for LED digital color display.

Carbon dots as reductants to fabricate three-dimensional Au mesoflowers as SERS substrates

Abstract Reductive carbon dots (CDs) were obtained by a hydrothermal method using citric acid and diethylenetriamine as carbon sources. Three-dimensional Au mesoflowers (3D Au MFs) could be fabricated by directly mixing HAuCl4 and CD solution without using any extra reductant and morphology-directing reagent. The as-obtained 3D Au MFs exhibited high surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) activity in detection of methylene blue.

Red and green fluorescent carbon dots for highly effective ultraviolet radiation screening and sensing

Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted intense attention because of their excellent optical properties, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. CDs have a great potential to be used as fluorescent sensors and ultraviolet (UV)-blocking materials. In this research, CDs were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using mangosteen leaves as a precursor. A CD aqueous solution exhibited bright green (G-CDs) and red (R-CDs) fluorescence with naked-eye observation under UV irradiation. The maximum fluorescence emission peak intensities of G-CDs and R-CDs were observed at 312 nm and 671 nm under excitation wavelengths of 275 nm and 410 nm, respectively. The absorbance spectra of CDs are shown in the UV range of 200–400 nm. The transmission spectra indicate that the G-CD solution screens UVB and UVC, while R-CDs are an excellent block for all UVA, UVB, and UVC. The average UV-shielding efficiencies of R-CDs and G-CDs are 97.4 %, and 56.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the R-CDs have a tendency to screen high-energy blue light. FTIR results display functional groups of organic substance on CD surfaces showing that the CDs have good biocompatibility with organics and biological materials. Moreover, nanocomposite films of CDs and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer (CDs/PVA) were prepared using a drop-casting method. In the polymerized state, R-CDs/PVA and G-CDs/PVA exhibit significant improvements in average UV ray blockage of 100.0%, and 83.8% enhancement, respectively. It is noteworthy that PVA combined with R-CDs achieves complete UV ray blocking. Furthermore, the emissions from both CD solution and CDs/PVA under UV radiation cover the regions of red, green, and blue emission. Hence, this work demonstrates the performance of R-CDs- and G-CDs-based platforms that show a high potential for UV-shielding and sensing applications.

Green synthesis of carbon dots from mangosteen peel for fluorescent cancer cells

Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have received significant attention owing to their outstanding optical properties, good solubility, and low toxicity. In this research, CDs were synthesized by a hydrothermal method based on an environmentally friendly and straightforward strategy, using only mangosteen peel and deionized water. The synthesized CDs had an average size of 3.09 ± 0.38 nm. The absorbance spectrum peak for the CDs was seen at 282 nm, and the central wavelength of fluorescence emission was observed at 433 nm under an excitation wavelength of 355 nm. An aqueous solution of CDs exhibited bright green fluorescence when observed with the naked eye under UV irradiation. Both Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope measurements were taken to determine the elemental compositions of the organic substance functional groups on the surface of the CD, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups. These functional groups originate the different emission centers leading to multicolor fluorescent emissions. Furthermore, the synthesized CDs were found to have good biocompatibility with organic and biological materials. The remarkable properties of CDs, including their nanoscale dimensions, strong multicolor fluorescent emissions, non-toxicity, and excellent cell compatibility, could effectively permeate the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus and provide fluorescence emission. This suggests a significant potential for CDs in fluorescent cell staining applications. Finally, the CDs were used as a fluorescent dye for human colon cancer cells, as they exhibited excellent fluorescence for cell staining.

Rational design of long wavelength solid-state fluorescent carbon dots based on zirconium

As a new type of zero dimensional carbon based fluorescent nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) have been studied and developed for many years. Various methods have been explored to prepare multicolor CDs to achieve tunable fluorescence of CDs. However, synthesizing fluorescent CDs located in the long wavelength emission region remains a challenge. Here, through a simple one-step solvothermal method using anhydrous citric acid (CA) as the raw material, ZrCl4 as both a metal element dopant and an inorganic salt matrix, and NH3·H2O as nitrogen source, Zr-doped CDs (Zr-CDs) solution with long wavelength fluorescence emission and solid powders with blue fluorescence can be obtained simultaneously. By optimizing the usage of ZrCl4, the fluorescence emission of the prepared CDs red shifted from 596 nm to 650 nm. The introduction of Zr4+ can cause a significant redshift. In addition, based on the sensitivity of CDs to oxygen, they can be used for the detection of trace amounts of H2O2. When using metal-organic framework (MOF) to encapsulate the Zr-CDs which is in the solution, optically stable CD@MOF powders can be obtained, which can be used for the construction of red light-emitting diodes (LEDs), demonstrating its potential application in the field of solid-state lighting. The synthesis technology is expected to provide favorable technical support for the future development of CDs.

Surface engineering of carbon dots synthesized from green sources with antiviral properties

Our work describes the surface modification of carbon dots (CDs) synthesized by hydrothermal method from natural sources and their potential viricidal activity. A mix of Aloe/green tea/lemon juice extract was compared with strawberry/ginger, obtaining semispherical CDs of ca. 6 nm, with a high excitation-emission peak associated with the characteristic blue fluorescent CDs solution. The chemical composition of the metabolites present in the extracts generates the formation of O and N species, suggesting the formation of C-OH, C = O, O-C = O, C-N, and N-H bonds. As a result, the viricidal activity of CDs was demonstrated against Herpes simplex and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, obtaining eco-friendly and low-cost antimicrobial CDs with potential biomedical applications.

Intense Continuous Wave Laser to Synthesize Luminescent Solution of Carbon Dots

Biocompatible Carbon dots (CDs) were obtained by the laser irradiation of vegetable carbon placed in a Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) solution. The carbon nanoparticles were generated by a visible and continuum wave (CW) He-Ne laser beam at a 632.8 nm wavelength with 1 mm2 spot, irradiating the carbon target for times of the order of some hours. The CDs generation might be due to thermal effects induced by the prolonged laser irradiation inducing carbon atoms ejection bounded by weak van de Walls forces. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) transmittance and luminescence measurements were employed to study the CDs synthesize. The UV excitation at a 365 nm wavelength induces visible CDs luminescence mainly at about 474 nm wavelength, giving the emitted light a characteristic blue color. The CDs luminescence in biocompatible solutions is presented and discussed in anticipation of possible applications in various sectors, such as radiation detector and material physics, engineering, microelectronics, sensors and, above all, in relation to bio-images from cell cultures and biological tissue as possible applications to the bio-medical field.

Residual-dye-derived carbon dots from wastewater for anti-counterfeiting and information encryption

With the development of resource recycling awareness, the number of research on the synthesis and utilization of carbon dots (CDs) from natural wastes continues to grow. Meanwhile, the little-studied synthesis of CDs originating from industrial waste has also become more relevant. In this work, reactive yellow 95 (Y95) molecules in exhausted dyeing wastewater were used as carbon source. By a simple one-step hydrothermal method, the CDs with stimuli-responsive fluorescent chromotropic properties were obtained. With the addition of hydrochloric acid to the CDs solution, the emission of the CDs was red-shifted from 470 nm to 514 nm, and the fluorescence changed from blue to green. The phenomenon was attributed to the synergistic effect of more CO defects on the surface of CDs and the protonation of the carbonyl groups after adding acid. Based on acid-induced fluorescent chromotropic performance, we designed anti-counterfeiting labels for textiles and a double-switching information encryption anti-counterfeiting ink. This work synthesized responsive fluorescent CDs using waste dyes and showed great potential in the field of resource recycling.

CDs microcapsules polyurethane film with improved light environment, self-healing and high strength for plant greenhouses to promote plant growth

Carbon dots (CDs) have photoconversion performance and have a wide range of applications in agriculture. However, the solution of CDs is susceptible to quench under evaporation of sunlight and is easy to run-off when influenced by the external environment. Here, PVA-coated CDs were used to overcome the solid-state quenching and to prepare CDs microcapsules-polyurethane Film for plant cultivation. In this work, CDs microcapsules which can convert ultraviolet light into blue light for plant growth, were prepared by the “water/oil/water” method, and light-converting CDs microcapsules polyurethane film (CMPF) was prepared by doping CDs microcapsules with polyurethane. The study showed that polyurethane film has good mechanical properties and self-healing ability, the CMPF was able to effectively promote the growth of lettuce, and the effect was most significant at the CDs microcapsules concentration of 4000 mg/L. Compared with the blank group, the fresh and dry weights were increased by 177 % and 143.5 %, respectively, and the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and soluble protein were increased by 14.5 %, 188.5 %, 43.3 %, and 17.9 %, respectively. Application of CDs to modulate plant lighting growth regulators for efficient use of ultraviolet (UV) light.

Encapsulating carbon dots in polymethyl methacrylate nanoparticles toward improved solid-state fluorescence quantum yield

In this paper, we prepare carbon dots (CDs) through hydrothermal method, and then the CDs are encapsulated in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanoparticles through the suspension polymerization of MMA nanodroplets, obtaining a CD/PMMA nanocomposite with a CD concentration of 0.3 wt%. The CDs of the nanocomposite are confined in the PMMA nanoparticles, so there is no excessive resonance energy transfer or direct π-π interaction among the CDs in different nanoparticles, weakening the aggregation caused quenching compared with conventional CD/PMMA composite fabricated by directly blending the CDs with bulk PMMA. Consequently, the quantum yield (QY) of this CD/PMMA nanocomposite is higher than that of the conventional CD/PMMA composite, and even very close to that of the dilute CD solution. This study may provide a universal method to prepare CD/polymer solid-state fluorescent materials with higher QYs compared with conventional CD/polymer composites prepared through direct blending CDs with bulk polymers.

Modulating the fluorescence properties of carbon dots by varying the stoichiometric ratios of citric acid and urea during the synthesis

Varying the ratios of citric acid and urea during the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) provides a strategy to modulate their fluorescence properties. The impact of different precursor ratios on the resulting CDs' size, surface chemistry, and structure was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and confirmed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to study the influence of precursor ratios on the types and densities of surface functional groups. The optical properties of the CDs were examined using a UV–visible absorption spectrometer, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra, and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). Smaller CDs generally exhibit higher energy emissions, resulting in bluer light, while larger CDs tend to emit lower energy light, appearing redder. By adjusting the precursor ratios, it is possible to induce shifts in fluorescence emission, leading to CDs with different fluorescence colours. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of CDs against bacterial pathogens was assessed, and their potential for promoting plant growth was explored by coating seeds with concentrated and diluted CDs solutions.

Multipurpose fluorescent carbon dots from papaya seed waste as sensing materials for Cu2+ detection and diethyl ether vapor sensor via electronic nose system

Herein, carbon dots (CDs) as biocompatible, fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials were synthesized from papaya seed waste as renewable carbon sources for the first time via a facile acid pyrolysis method. The papaya seed-derived CDs showed blue fluorescence emission under UV light (365 nm) with a quantum yield of 2.74%, and contained oxygen-, and nitrogen- containing functional groups. Due to their surface functionality, the CDs have a great potential for using as fluorescence sensing probe in metal ion sensing application. The CD solution exhibited the most selective detection to Cu2+ as presented the highest fluorescence quenching with the limit of detection (LOD) of 5.16 μM. The CD-paper-based fluorescent sensor was also developed for practical application, and the RGB value was used to compare the sensitivity of CDs toward metal ions. The CD sensing film was also prepared for diethyl ether vapor sensing via optical electronic nose system. The principal component analysis (PCA) score plots revealed the total variance of 99.3%, indicating that the CDs can be used to discriminate different concentrations of diethyl ether/ethanol vapor mixtures. This work demonstrated that the papaya seed-derived CDs have a great attention to be alternative materials for developing sensing materials in both solution and film forms.

Artificial intelligence-integrated smartphone-based handheld detection of fluoride ion by Al3+-triggered aggregation-induced red-emssion enhanced carbon dots

Artificial intelligence (AI)-integrated smartphone-based handheld determination platform, based on 3D printed accessory, Al3+-triggered aggregation-induced red-emssion enhanced carbon dots (CDs) test strip, and smartphone with self-developed YOLO v3 AI algorithm-based application, proves the feasibility for intelligent real-time on-site quantitation of F− through tracking a consecutive fluorescence (FL) colour change. CDs, manifesting dual emission of moderate green emission at 512 nm and weak red one at 620 nm under 365 nm excitation, were synthesized hydrothermally from alizarin carmine and citric acid. CDs@Al3+, with distinct aggregation-induced red-emssion enhancement and green-emssion quenchment, were prepared by adding Al3+ to the CDs solution. Inspiringly, due to intrinsic ratiometric FL variation (I620/I512), CDs@Al3+ engender a successive FL colour variation from red to green in response to different concentrations of F− with low limit of detection of 7.998 μM and wide linear range of 150–1200 µM based on excellent linearity correlation between R/G value and F− concentration. Furthermore, F− content in tap water, toothpaste and milk could be intelligently, speedily, and straightforwardly analyzed through the AI-integrated smartphone-based handheld detection platform. It is fervently desired that our study will motivate a brand-new perspective for the promotion of efficacious detection strategy and the extension of practical application promise.

Photobleach effect of multi-color emitting carbon dots for UV-light sensing

Carbon dots (CDs) have been developed as prospective nanomaterials for sensing applications owing to their cost-effectiveness, thermal stability, low toxicity, and unique luminescence properties. CDs sensors have been widely used for ion detection but rarely for light detection. Herein, fluorescent CDs from carbon black containing refilled blue ink has been prepared by a solvothermal reaction-assisted straightforward one-pot route under mild temperature conditions. The body color of the as-prepared CDs solution is light brown and shows blue emission under ultraviolet (UV)-light excitation. The UV-light detecting film has been developed by blending the CDs/poly(vinyl alcohol) solution and examined its sensitivity with the increase of UV-light irradiation time. The progression in the body (light-brown to purple) and emission (blue to orange) colors are distinguishable and demonstrates their feasibility in developing the high-performance CDs-based UV detectors.

Impact of the Concentration Ethylenediamine on Optical Properties of Carbon Dots from Jengkol Peel (Archinendron pauciflorum)

Carbon dots (CDs) are a new member of fluorescent nano carbons that have attracted attention because of their potential applications derived from their optical, chemical, and electrical properties. CDs from jengkol peel via the solvothermal method at 200 oC for 7 h with the addition of ethylenediamine (EDA) as a heteroatom dopant have been successfully carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of concentration EDA on the optical properties of CDs for the possible reason. The results revealed that the CDs solution has fluorescence properties; that bluish-green glow can be observed under ultraviolet radiation (365 nm). The UV - Vis absorption peaks did not depend on the CDs concentration, but the absorbance intensity decreased with increasing EDA concentration. The best fluorescence properties were possessed by 10 % EDA in CDs which produced λex/λem of 370 nm / 518 nm, respectively, with a quantum yield of 42 %. The FTIR spectra of all samples showed that the CDs surface had functional groups such as carboxylic acids, hydroxyl, and amines. The obtained CDs have the potential to be used as heavy metal ion detectors, bioimaging, and antibacterial agents.

Sequential Injection Analysis for Rapid Determination of Mercury in Skincare Products Based on Fluorescence Quenching of Eco-Friendly Synthesized Carbon Dots.

This work reports the analysis of mercury using a spectrofluorometric method combined with a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system. This method is based on the measurement of fluorescence intensity of carbon dots (CDs), which is quenched proportionally after adding mercury ions. Herein, the CDs underwent environmentally friendly synthesis using a microwave-assisted approach that provides intensive and efficient energy and shortens reaction time. After irradiation at 750 W for 5 min in a microwave oven, a dark brown CD solution with a concentration of 2.7 mg mL-1 was obtained. The properties of the CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectrometry. We presented for the first time the use of CDs as a specific reagent for the determination of mercury in skincare products with the SIA system to achieve rapid analysis and full automatic control. The as-prepared CD stock solution was diluted 10 times and used as a reagent in the SIA system. Excitation and emission wavelengths at 360 and 452 nm, respectively, were used to construct a calibration curve. Physical parameters affecting the SIA performance were optimized. In addition, the effect of pH and other ions was investigated. Under the optimum conditions, our method showed a linear range from 0.3 to 600 mg L-1 with an R 2 of 0.99. The limit of detection was 0.1 mg L-1. Relative standard deviation was 1.53% (n = 12) with a high sample throughput of 20 samples per hour. Finally, the accuracy of our method was validated by comparison using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Acceptable recoveries were also presented without a significant matrix effect. This method was also the first time that uses the untreated CDs for the determination of mercury(II) in skincare products. Therefore, this method could be an alternative for mercuric toxic control in other sample applications.

Rational design of a minimum nanoplatform for maximizing therapeutic potency: Three birds with one stone

Therapeutic modalities and drug formulations play a crucial and prominent role in actualizing effective treatment and radical cures of tumors. However, the therapeutic efficiency was severely limited by tumor recurrence and complex multi-step preparation of formulation. Therefore, the exploration of novel nanoparticles via a simple and green synthesis process for conquering traditional obstacles and improving therapeutic efficiency is an appealing, yet remarkably challenging task. Herein, a universal nanoplatform allows all cancerous cell-targeting, acid-responsive, cell imaging, synergistic chemotherapy, and nucleolar targeted phototherapy function was tactfully designed and constructed by using chemotherapeutic agents ursolic acid (UA), sorafenib (SF), and carbon dots (CDs) photosensitizers (PSs). The designed US NPs were formed by self-assembly of UA and SF associated with electrostatic, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions. After hydrogen bonding reaction with CDs, the obtained (denoted as USC NPs) have a relatively uniform size of an average 125.6 nm, which facilitated the favorable accumulation of drugs at the tumor region through a potential enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect as compared to their counterpart of free CDs solution. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the advanced platform commenced synergistic anticancer therapeutic potency, imperceptible systematical toxicity, and remarkable reticence towards drug-resistant cancer cells. Moreover, the CDs PSs possess intrinsic nucleolus-targeting ability. Taken together, this theranostics system can fully play the role of “killing three birds with one stone” in a safe manner, implying a promising direction for exploring treatment strategies for cancer and endowing them with great potential for future translational research and providing a new vision for the advancing of an exceptionally forceful protocol for practical cancer therapy.