Long-term observations uncover sustained carbon dioxide emissions from lakes following aquaculture retreat.

Caves are unique among ecosystem types because of their physical structures and biological functions. Embedded in rocks, the geological setting defines the boundaries of caves and dictates how energy and matter move through them. General features of caves, compared to surface ecosystems, include absence of light, relatively stable temperature and humidity, and oligotrophic conditions. Despite these conditions, caves are highly diverse ecosystems whose environmental properties are shaped by geological, hydrological, and climatic factors. Cave microbiomes metabolize atmospheric trace gases, such as methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide, contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) cycling dynamics. In some cases, these microbes also form biominerals, such as calcium carbonate, highlighting critical gaps in our understanding of subterranean biogeochemical processes. Some of these gaps include the limited genomic data and geographic bias in the literature. Herein, we review the current state of knowledge surrounding the potential of cave microorganisms, including those capable of biomineralizing calcium carbonate, as agents for sustainable GHG sequestration and climate change mitigation, with emerging strategies for developing novel sustainable biotechnological solutions. By revealing the hidden microbial activity beneath the Earth's surface, this review proposes integrating subterranean ecosystems into global climate models, reframing caves as metabolically and functionally active contributors to the planet's climate system rather than isolated geological features.

Elevating blood pressure in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: Investigating the efficacy and tolerability of rebreathing therapy.

Contrasting roles of ground, trees, ponds and grazing in carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide fluxes of an African semi-arid savanna

Single-carbon (C1) substrates are promising feedstock alternatives for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production, as they shift biopolymer production away from costly organic carbons and add value to syngas from industrial waste streams. This field is broadly studied in monocultures, while mixed cultures have received limited attention. This study examined mixed purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) cultures as a platform to convert C1 substrates (formate, CO2, CO and H2) into PHA under different nitrogen and carbon compositions in a two-stage batch operation. In single-substrate experiments, high PHA contents were obtained with CO2/H2 as the carbon and electron donors (27±9wt% PHA in 890±130 mgVSS L-1), while more moderate PHA levels were achieved with formate (17±2wt% in 780±80 mgVSS L-1 biomass) and CO/H2 (13±3wt% in 540±50 mgVSS L-1 biomass). These differences were linked to their respective substrate assimilation pathways, with CO2 being more readily incorporated through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Additionally, supplementing formate with CO2/H2 improved PHA yields (32±7wt% in 890±40 mgVSS L-1 biomass) by increasing electron loading and maintaining reducing conditions. Overall, the study demonstrates PPB-enriched cultures as competitive photoautotrophic platforms to produce PHA, presenting potential strategies for high-yield biopolymer synthesis from syngas.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy is widely used in the endoscopic treatment of benign tracheal stenosis (BTS). However, the comparative effectiveness of its 2 principal techniques-CO2 laser wedge resection and radial incision with dilation-remains uncertain. This study aims to compare the recurrence rates of BTS following CO2 laser wedge resection versus radial incision with dilation. We conducted a systematic review using MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central through March 28, 2025. Three independent reviewers (C.Z., N.K., and A.H.) performed study screening, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction. A random-effect model was applied for meta-analysis. The primary outcome was to compare recurrence rates between wedge resection and radial incision. Twelve trials, including 685 patients met inclusion criteria. CO2 laser wedge resection was associated with a lower recurrence rate (43.2%) compared with those treated with radial incision with dilation (66.1%), approaching statistical significance (χ²=3.75, P=0.053). At follow-up beyond 3 years, this difference became significant (55.8% vs. 81.0%, χ²=9.46, P=0.002). Wedge resection also showed longer time to first recurrence. Reported complication rates were low across both techniques. CO2 laser wedge resection may be superior to radial incision with dilation in reducing recurrence of BTS, particularly over long-term follow-up. Personalized treatment strategies considering procedural variables and patient-specific factors are warranted to optimize outcomes.

Influence of surface chemisorption and release processes of water vapour and carbon dioxide on radiation-induced effects in lithium-based ceramic materials

Molecular insights into carbon dioxide cluster evolution and supercooled crystallization in liquid methane under pressurized environment

Synergistic efficiency of COD removal and CO2 emissions in biochar-modified bioretention systems.

Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is a rare genodermatosis caused by mutations in the ATP2C1 gene that codes for SPCA1, a calcium transporter in the epidermis. HHD impairs quality of life, and no curative treatment exists. To confirm the efficacy and safety of CO2 laser in HHD, we conducted a randomized, prospective, controlled study that included 10 patients with histologically confirmed HHD. A 4-mm punch biopsy was taken from unaffected skin and the laser-treated area before treatment. CO2 laser treatment was performed under sedation, and after 6 months, new biopsies were taken at the same sites. Samples were used to extract RNA and analyze potential changes in gene expression. Laser treatment provided a significant reduction in the lesioned area (p < 0.002). Gene expression analysis revealed reduced ATP2C1 expression in lesional skin and high expression of genes related to keratinocyte proliferation and IL-17-dependent inflammation. Interestingly, in affected skin after laser treatment, there was an enhancement of ATP2C1 with a reduced expression of genes related to keratinocyte proliferation and IL-17-dependent inflammation. CO2 laser is safe and effective in HHD. A plausible explanation could be molecular changes after treatment, especially ATP2C1 enhancement and IL-17-dependent inflammation decreased.

Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in water-limited agroecosystems by novel integration of perennial grasses.

Highly active and selective Co-Al catalyst derived from metal-organic-framework CoAl-MOF-74 for efficient methanation of carbon dioxide

A proof-of-concept study on green mining of seawater calcium via biochar interfaces for fluoride removal and carbon dioxide capture

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 coating in supercritical carbon dioxide for novel membranes design and the supercritical bridge phenomenon

Core body temperature responses during lower-body cold water immersion using carbon dioxide hydrate

Contact-killing antimicrobial cationic starch/PBAT blown films: Physicochemical properties, antimicrobial mechanism, and preservation capacity on beef.

Enhancing absorption-based carbon dioxide capture with swirl flow: Gas–liquid mass transfer, performance characteristics, and process modeling

Critical flow characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide in the intermediate heat exchanger rupture accident of LBE cooled fast reactor

Urbanisation accelerates carbon cycling and greenhouse gas emissions along a river-ocean continuum in the humid subtropics.

Wetness loss prediction of supercritical carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor based on a modified non-equilibrium phase change model