Carbon Dioxide-enriched Water Research Articles

Blood pressure and pulse rate, autonomic nervous system, psychophysiology effects of hot water temperature and carbon dioxide-enriched water for lower limbs bathing

Blood pressure and pulse rate, autonomic nervous system, psychophysiology effects of hot water temperature and carbon dioxide-enriched water for lower limbs bathing

Effects of carbon dioxide-enriched water bathing on motor function and relaxation in patients after femoral neck fracture surgery

Effects of carbon dioxide-enriched water bathing on motor function and relaxation in patients after femoral neck fracture surgery

Bathing in carbon dioxide-enriched water alters protein expression in keratinocytes of skin tissue in rats.

Beneficial effects of balneotherapy using naturally occurring carbonated water (CO2 enriched) have been known since the Middle Ages. Although this therapy is clinically applied for peripheral artery disease and skin disorder, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated.Under controlled conditions, rats were bathed in either CO2-enriched water (CO2 content 1200mg/L) or tap water, both at 37°C, for 10min daily over 4weeks. Proliferation activity was assessed by Ki67 immunohistochemistry of the epidermis of the abdomen. The capillary density was assessed by immunodetection of isolectin-positive cells. Using cryo-fixed abdominal skin epidermis, follicle cells and stroma tissue containing capillaries were separately isolated by means of laser microdissection and subjected to proteomic analysis using label-free technique. Differentially expressed proteins were validated by immunohistochemistry.Proliferation activity of keratinocytes was not significantly different in the epidermis after bathing in CO2-enriched water, and also, capillary density did not change. Proteomic analysis revealed up to 36 significantly regulated proteins in the analyzed tissue. Based on the best expression profiles, ten proteins were selected for immunohistochemical validation. Only one protein, far upstream element binding protein 2 (FUBP2), was similarly downregulated in the epidermis after bathing in CO2-enriched water with both techniques. Low FUBP2 expression was associated with low c-Myc immune-expression in keratinocytes.Long-term bathing in CO2-enriched water showed a cellular protein response of epithelial cells in the epidermis which was detectable by two different methods. However, differences in proliferation activity or capillary density were not detected in the normal skin.

Persistent U(IV) and U(VI) following in-situ recovery (ISR) mining of a sandstone uranium deposit, Wyoming, USA

Drill-core samples from a sandstone-hosted uranium (U) deposit in Wyoming were characterized to determine the abundance and distribution of uranium following in-situ recovery (ISR) mining with oxygen- and carbon dioxide-enriched water. Concentrations of uranium, collected from ten depth intervals, ranged from 5 to 1920 ppm. A composite sample contained 750 ppm uranium with an average oxidation state of 54% U(VI) and 46% U(IV). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated rare high uranium (∼1000 ppmU) in spatial association with P/Ca and Si/O attributed to relict uranium minerals, possibly coffinite, uraninite, and autunite, trapped within low permeability layers bypassed during ISR mining. Fission track analysis revealed lower but still elevated concentrations of U in the clay/silica matrix and organic matter (several 10 s ppm) and yet higher concentrations associated with Fe-rich/S-poor sites, likely iron oxides, on altered chlorite or euhedral pyrite surfaces (but not on framboidal pyrite). Organic C (<1.62%), total S (<0.31%), and P (<0.03%) were in low abundance relative to the overall bulk composition. Microbial community analysis showed a diverse group of bacteria present with a wide range of putative metabolisms, and provides evidence for a variety of redox microenvironments co-existing in core samples. Although the uranium minerals persisting in low permeability areas in association with organic carbon were less affected by oxidizing solutions during mining, the likely sequestration of uranium within labile iron oxides following mining and sensitivity to changes in redox conditions requires careful attention during groundwater restoration.

1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidinium hydrogen sulphate (TMG·HSO4) ionic liquid in carbon dioxide enriched water: a highly efficient acidic catalytic system for the hydrolysis of cellulose

1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium hydrogen sulphate (TMG·HSO4) ionic liquid was used for the hydrolysis of cellulose using water enriched with carbon dioxide as the reaction media. The addition of carbon dioxide enhanced the reaction rates significantly and afforded glucose and total reducing sugars in 26 and 72% yields, respectively. The addition of carbon dioxide might play a dual role, it reduces the viscosity of the medium for better mass transfer and also reacts with water to give carbonic acid which subsequently dissociates to the hydronium ion and enhances the acidity of the medium. The developed ionic liquid was easily recovered and reused for a subsequent four runs without any significant change in the catalytic efficiency.

Carbon Dioxide-enriched Water Inhalation in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and its Relationship with Nasal Fluid Cytokine/Chemokine Release

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by eosinophil infiltration and accumulation in the nasal mucosa mainly due to IL-3, IL-5, and eotaxin activities. We undertook this study to investigate a possible in vivo effect of carbon dioxide-enriched water inhalation in patients with allergic rhinitis. Twenty five consecutive patients inhaled carbon dioxide-enriched water at Fonti di Rabbi Spa Centre (Trento, Italy). Symptom scores for nasal obstruction, itching and sneezing were obtained before and after treatment. Nasal lavage was collected, and IL-3, IL-5, and eotaxin levels were assessed using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Cytometric analysis was performed on samples to measure total cell count, CD45+ cells, and percentages of polymorphonucleates and lymphocytes. There were statistically significant differences in chemokine levels and in cell populations between patients and healthy controls before treatment. After carbon dioxide-enriched water inhalation, we observed statistically significant improvements in symptom scores, chemokine levels, and percentages of cell populations. Our results seem to confirm the role of IL-3, IL-5, and eotaxin in the pathophysiology of allergy and the beneficial effect of carbon dioxide-enriched water inhalation in patients affected by allergic rhinitis.

Immersing Feet in Carbon Dioxide-enriched Water Prevents Expansion and Formation of Ischemic Ulcers after Surgical Revascularization in Diabetic Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia.

We investigated the effect of immersion of feet in CO2-enriched water for preventing expansion and formation of ischemic ulcer in critical limb ischemia of diabetic patients after surgical revascularization. Eligible patients were allocated CO2 group (CO2 immersion plus standard care) or control group (standard care alone) and were followed up for 3 months after surgical revascularization. The end point is defined as an expansion of a target ulcer (more than 101% of original size) or the formation of new ulcers during the follow-up period. Fifty-nine patients out of originally enrolled 66 patients with type II diabetes were included in intention-to-treat population. The cumulative prevention rate for ischemic ulcer after 3 months was 97.1% in the CO2 group, while, in the control group, it was 77.8%, i.e., significantly lower than the CO2 group (P = 0.012, log-rank test). The transcutaneous oxygen pressure increased significantly only in the CO2 group, from 56 ± 14 to 63 ± 15 mmHg (P < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed rank test), in 3 months. These results suggest that addition of CO2 immersion to standard care of critical limb ischemia in diabetic patients improves early postoperative outcome after vascular surgery.

Soil nutrient mobility in response to irrigation with carbon dioxide enriched water

Abstract In our experiments, carbonated water (CW) modified the equilibria in soil. Application of CW decreased the soil pH about 1.5 units one hour after irrigation ended. Minimal, though well defined, differences in soil pH were observed between the two carbonated treatments. The same relationship between the treatments was not found in pH levels of the leachate. This seems strictly related to the temporal and spatial changes in the carbon dioxide (CO2) acidifying effect caused by chemical and biological factors as water descended the soil column. The temporary reduction in soil pH in the CW treatment induced the highest nutrient mobility for most of the elements.

Vasodilator effect of hypercapnic acidosis on human forearm blood vessels.

ARTICLESVasodilator effect of hypercapnic acidosis on human forearm blood vesselsHA Kontos, DW Richardson, and Patterson JL JrHA Kontos, DW Richardson, and Patterson JL JrPublished Online:01 Dec 1968https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.215.6.1403MoreSectionsPDF (615 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByHypercapnia elicits differential vascular and blood flow responses in the cerebral circulation and active skeletal muscles in exercising humans24 April 2022 | Physiological Reports, Vol. 10, No. 8Cardiovascular responses to forearm muscle metaboreflex activation during hypercapnia in humansStephane Delliaux, Masashi Ichinose, Kazuhito Watanabe, Naoto Fujii, and Takeshi Nishiyasu1 July 2015 | American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Vol. 309, No. 1Local Analgesia18 July 2014α 1 -Adrenergic responsiveness in human skeletal muscle feed arteries: the impact of reducing extracellular pH15 August 2012 | Experimental Physiology, Vol. 98, No. 1Surgery of the Thoracic Wall18 July 2014The effects of breathing 5% CO 2 on human cardiovascular responses and tolerance to orthostatic stress23 June 2004 | Experimental Physiology, Vol. 89, No. 4Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Cochlear Blood Flow in Guinea Pigs8 July 2009 | Acta Oto-Laryngologica, Vol. 120, No. 1Effect of Carbon Dioxide-Enriched Water and Fresh Water on the Cutaneous Microcirculation and Oxygen Tension in the Skin of the Foot2 July 2016 | Angiology, Vol. 48, No. 4Alkalinizing Agents for the Treatment of Cardiac ArrestAlkali therapy of diabetic ketoacidosis: Biochemical, physiologic, and clinical perspectivesDiabetes / Metabolism Reviews, Vol. 5, No. 8Gas Exchange in Acid‐Base Disturbances1 January 2011Effects of Acid Base Disturbance, Septic Shock, and Calcium and Phosphorous Abnormalities on Cardiovascular FunctionCritical Care Clinics, Vol. 3, No. 4Near Infrared Optical Monitoring of Cat Skeletal Muscle during HypercapniaModification of α-adrenergic responses of small arteries by altered PCO2 and pHEuropean Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 57, No. 4Effects of altered carbon dioxide tension on hemoglobin oxygenation in hamster cheek pouch microvesselsMicrovascular Research, Vol. 13, No. 2Changes in Microvascular Diameter and Oxygen Tension Induced by Carbon DioxideCirculation Research, Vol. 32, No. 3The effects of acid-base disturbances on cardiovascular and pulmonary functionKidney International, Vol. 1, No. 5Plasma-Renin-Aktivität der Ratte bei systemischer Alkalose und AcidoseZeitschrift für die gesamte experimentelle Medizin einschließlich experimentelle Chirurgie, Vol. 153, No. 3The Influence of Blood pH on Peripheral Vascular Tone: Possible Role of Proteases and Vaso-Active Polypeptides More from this issue > Volume 215Issue 6December 1968Pages 1403-1405 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1968 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.215.6.1403PubMed5723001History Published online 1 December 1968 Published in print 1 December 1968 Metrics