Carbon Cloth Anode Research Articles

Potential application of room temperature synthesized MIL-100(Fe) in enhancing methane production in microbial electrolysis Cells-Anaerobic digestion treating Protein-Rich wastewater

Microbial electrolysis cell-anaerobic digestion (MEC-AD) is an emerging technology for methane production. However, low substrate degradation efficiency remains a challenge when processing protein substrates. This study developed a MIL-100(Fe) carbon cloth anode to enhance methane production and substrate degradation in MEC-AD. The effects of MIL-100(Fe) prepared under hydrothermal (H-MIL-100(Fe)) and room temperature conditions (R-MIL-100(Fe)) were compared. Results indicated that H-MIL-100(Fe) and R-MIL-100(Fe) increased cumulative methane production by 16.01% and 14.99%, respectively compared to normal cloth, each influencing methane production through distinct mechanisms. Electrochemical characterization showed that H-MIL-100(Fe) enhanced the electrochemical performance more significantly due to the enrichment of Geotalea, with the oxidation current improved by 7.39-fold (R-MIL-100(Fe) increased it by only 2.95-fold) to promote growth of Methanobacterium. Metagenomic analysis revealed that R-MIL-100(Fe) tended to metabolize amino acids into methane rather than support cellular life activities, indicating its practicality under limited substrate concentration. In summary, R-MIL-100(Fe) shows greater potential for application due to its mild synthesis conditions and advantages in treating complex substrates.

Enhancing sustainability and power generation from sewage‐driven air‐cathode microbial fuel cells through innovative anti‐biofouling spacer and biomass‐derived anode

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the concept of the membrane‐less microbial fuel cell (MFC) has gained traction to avoid the high internal resistance that is created upon utilizing conventional membranes. Nevertheless, an overlooked problem arises from the ingress of oxygen from the cathode side into the anolyte solution, fostering the formation of biofilms by aerobic microorganisms on the cathode surface. This biofilm layer poses a formidable impediment, leading to cell disconnection. Moreover, low surface area of conventional anodes is another important issue behind the low power density generation. In this research, a novel approach to circumvent biofilm formation and achieve stable and high‐power‐density output from MFCs by harnessing a commercial antibacterial spacer is introduced.ResultsAir‐cathode, sewage‐driven MFCs showed continuous power generation without the need for external microorganisms. Conversely, the absence of the innovative membrane resulted in a catastrophic power breakdown after 125 h of operation due to the formation of a dense biofilm layer on the cathode. Through the utilization of the proposed membrane strategy, stable power density output of 100 ± 8, 135 ± 11 and 142 ± 10 mW m−2 with carbon cloth, carbon paper and carbon felt anodes, respectively, was achieved. Moreover, a novel anode is introduced from graphitization of grape tree branches. The proposed anode could increase the generated power to 516 ± 17 mW m−2 from the sewage‐driven air‐cathode MFC, more than three times compared to the best conventional anode, carbon felt.ConclusionThis study provides significant solutions for sustainability, low‐performance and high‐cost problems of microbial fuel cells. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Enhancing microbial fuel cell performance with free-standing three-dimensional N-doped porous carbon anodes

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) utilize microorganisms as catalysts to transform the chemical energy to electrical power. However, the practical application of MFCs is currently impeded by low power output, which is caused by insufficient microbial colonization on the anode, slow extracellular electron transfer at the microbe-anode interface, and low oxygen reduction reaction catalytic efficiency at the cathode. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous anode of Carbonization-CTS-MF/rGOtempreture (CCMF/rGOT) by pyrolyzing crosslinked composite of melamine formaldehyde resin (MF), chitosan (CTS) and graphene oxide (GO). The macroporous anode provides a biocompatible surface for exoelectrogens and 3D electron transfer pathways. In addition, an appropriate balance of graphitic-N and pyrrolic-N content optimizes both conductivity and the number of active sites, thereby synergistically enhancing extracellular electron transfer (EET) efficiency. Therefore, the power density of CCMF/rGO1000 anode is 11.28 W/m3, which surpasses the CCMF1000 anode without 3D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) conductive network (10.04 W/m3), and traditional carbon cloth anode (4.36 W/m3). Moreover, the anode runs stably for more than 200 days with a maximum operating voltage of 0.69 V, which achieves chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of 95.4 %. This work provides a promising strategy to prepare a free-standing 3D anode with enriched exoelectrogens and enhanced EET to improve the MFCs performance.

Hydrogen Production in Microbial Electrolysis Cells Using an Alginate Hydrogel Bioanode Encapsulated with a Filter Bag.

The bacterial anode of microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) is the limiting factor in a high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This study focused on improving biofilm attachment to a carbon-cloth anode using an alginate hydrogel. In addition, the modified bioanode was encapsulated by a filter bag that served as a physical barrier, to overcome its low mechanical strength and alginate degradation by certain bacterial species in wastewater. The MEC based on an encapsulated alginate bioanode (alginate bioanode encapsulated by a filter bag) was compared with three controls: an MEC based on a bare bioanode (non-immobilized bioanode), an alginate bioanode, and an encapsulated bioanode (bioanode encapsulated by a filter bag). At the beginning of the operation, the Rct value for the encapsulated alginate bioanode was 240.2 Ω, which decreased over time and dropped to 9.8 Ω after three weeks of operation when the Geobacter medium was used as the carbon source. When the MECs were fed with wastewater, the encapsulated alginate bioanode led to the highest current density of 9.21 ± 0.16 A·m-2 (at 0.4 V), which was 20%, 95%, and 180% higher, compared to the alginate bioanode, bare bioanode, and encapsulated bioanode, respectively. In addition, the encapsulated alginate bioanode led to the highest reduction currents of (4.14 A·m-2) and HER of 0.39 m3·m-3·d-1. The relative bacterial distribution of Geobacter was 79%. The COD removal by all the bioanodes was between 62% and 88%. The findings of this study demonstrate that the MEC based on the encapsulated alginate bioanode exhibited notably higher bio-electroactivity compared to both bare, alginate bioanode, and an encapsulated bioanode. We hypothesize that this improvement in electron transfer rate is attributed to the preservation and the biofilm on the anode material using alginate hydrogel which was inserted into a filter bag.

Constructing Co3O4 nanosheet arrays anode as durable and efficient electrocatalyst for simultaneous chlorine evolution and carbamazepine degradation in the marine environment

The electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is an essential and valuable technology for converting Cl− to Cl2 in industrial-scale applications. However, under the background of freshwater scarcity, seawater electrolysis for Cl2 generation becoming highly demanded. Meanwhile, pollutant degradation in the ocean is still challenging, especially in coastal and offshore seawaters. Herein, we provide a facile approach for constructing a highly efficient system for simultaneous Cl2 evolution and organic contaminant abatement utilizing Co3O4 nanosheet arrays decorated carbon cloth (Co3O4/CC) anode in the marine environment. The fabricated Co3O4/CC electrode achieved a considerably low potential of 1.55 V to reach a current density (j) of 10 mA cm−2 and long-term stability of 12 h at 100 mA cm−2 in seawater (pH = 2). Meanwhile, the practical environmental remediation results attested that the Co3O4 nanosheet arrays possess an outstanding Carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation efficiency of 100 % within 6 min accompanied with a k value of 0.358 min−1 in real seawater, demonstrating the integrity and reusability. The overall findings offer new insight into designing highly active CER catalysts with efficient pollutant degradation in the marine environment.

The performance of microbial fuel cell with sodium alginate and super activated carbon composite gel modified anode

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have the functions of wastewater treatment and power generation. The incorporation of modified anodes enhances the sustainable power generation performance of MFCs. In this study, to evaluate the feasibility of sodium alginate (SA) as a biocompatible binder, hydrogel mixed with super activated carbon (SAC) and SA was modified the carbon cloth anode of MFC. The results showed that the maximum output voltage in the SAC/SA hydrogel modified anode MFC was 0.028 V, which was increased by 115%, compared with the blank carbon cloth anode. The internal resistance of MFC was 9429 Ω, which was 18% lower than that of control (11560 Ω). The maximum power density was 6.14 mW/m2, which was increased by 365% compared to the control. After modification of SAC/SA hydrogel, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency reached to 56.36% and was 12.72% higher than the control. Coulombic efficiency with modified anode MFC reached 17.65%, which was increased by 104%, compared with the control. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing SA as a biocompatible binder for anode modification, thereby imparting sustainable and enhanced power generation performance to MFCs. This study presented a new selectivity for harnessing algal bioresources and improving anode binders in future MFC applications.

Stable room-temperature sodium-sulfur battery enabled by pre-sodium activated carbon cloth anode and nonflammable localized high-concentration electrolyte

Room-temperature (RT) sodium-sulfur (Na–S) battery is a promising energy storage technology with low-cost, high-energy-density and environmental-friendliness. However, the current RT Na–S battery suffers from various problems, such as poor cycling stability and poor electrolyte-electrode compatibility caused by polysulfide shuttling and active Na-metal anode. Here, a nonflammable localized high-concentration electrolyte (LHCE) (sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt, sulfolane solvent and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether diluent in a molar ratio of 1:2:2), and a pre-sodium activated carbon cloth (NaACC) anode, are combined to enable stable and high-safety RT Na–S battery. In LHCE, the shuttle effect of polysulfide is greatly alleviated, a stable anions-derived NaF-rich cathode electrolyte interphase is formed, and a solid-solid conversion mechanism of a solid S8-solid Na2Sn (1 ≤ n ≤ 3) is achieved. Meanwhile, the Na dendrites and side reactions between electrolyte and anode are effectively inhibited by using NaACC anode. Therefore, under the synergistic effect of electrolyte regulation and negative electrode structure optimization, although using a low N/P ratio of 1.7, the RT Na–S battery also delivers a high initial capacity of 1220.8 mAh g−1, good rate capability and stable cycling performance with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.1 %. The capacity still remains at 704.5 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. This innovative combination of LHCE and NaACC anode in Na–S batteries provides a new idea for further achieving stable RT Na–S batteries with long-cycle-life and high-safety.

A novel MXene coated liquid crystal display anode derived from a futile computer monitor for microbial fuel cell application

A Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheet-coated liquid crystal display (LCD) anode is meticulously crafted through precision waterjet cutting, salvaging a discarded LCD monitor. This technique, preserving structural integrity and enhanced electrical conductivity, sets it apart from conventional methods. The resulting MXene-coated LCD anode is well-suited for microbial fuel cell (MFC) applications. Comparative assessments against costlier carbonaceous electrodes like graphite felt and carbon cloth, emphasize that the water-jet cut LCD anode with Ti3C2Tx MXene coating is 3.79 and 2.51 times more cost-effective, with an approximate total cost of $38/m2. Substituting Ti3C2Tx MXene-coated LCD for carbon cloth and graphite felt anodes reduces MFC unit fabrication costs by 19 and 10.45 %, respectively. Notably, the Ti3C2Tx MXene LCD anode-based MFC unit boasts a power density per unit cost of 0.008 W/m2/$, underscoring economic viability. This research highlights waterjet cutting's pivotal role in crafting Ti3C2Tx MXene LCD anodes, opening avenues for scalable, cost-effective electrode production in renewable energy applications.

Enhancing Extracellular Electron Transfer of a 3D-Printed Shewanella Bioanode with Riboflavin-Modified Carbon Black Bioink.

3D printing of a living bioanode holds the potential for the rapid and efficient production of bioelectrochemistry systems. However, the ink (such as sodium alginate, SA) that formed the matrix of the 3D-printed bioanode may hinder extracellular electron transfer (EET) between the microorganism and conductive materials. Here, we proposed a biomimetic design of a 3D-printed Shewanella bioanode, wherein riboflavin (RF) was modified on carbon black (CB) to serve as a redox substance for microbial EET. By introducing the medicated EET pathways, the 3D-printed bioanode obtained a maximum power density of 252 ± 12 mW/m2, which was 1.7 and 60.5 times higher than those of SA-CB (92 ± 10 mW/m2) and a bare carbon cloth anode (3.8 ± 0.4 mW/m2). Adding RF reduced the charge-transfer resistance of a 3D-printed bioanode by 75% (189.5 ± 18.7 vs 47.3 ± 7.8 Ω), indicating a significant acceleration in the EET efficiency within the bioanode. This work provided a fundamental and instrumental concept for constructing a 3D-printed bioanode.

Targeted design strategies for a highly activated carbon cloth cathode/anode to construct flexible and cuttable sodium Ion capacitors with an all-woven-structure

A flexible carbon cloth cathode and anode with high energy storage activity are constructed via targeted strategies using cotton cloth. The assembled all-cloth sodium ion capacitor provides stable power output even under bending/cutting conditions.

Natural tea polyphenol functionalized graphene anode for simultaneous power production and degradation of methyl orange dye in microbial fuel cells.

The microbial fuel cell (MFCs) has dual functions, capable of achieving dye decolorization and synchronous power generation. Despite these advantages, the MFCs have faced challenges related to low electron transfer efficiencies and limited dye treatment capacity in wastewater applications. This work introduces an innovative approach by employing reduced graphene oxide-modified carbon cloth (TP-RGO@CC) anodes, utilizing tea polyphenols as the reducing agent. This modification significantly enhances the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the anodes. The MFC equipped with the TP-RGO@CC anode demonstrated a remarkable increase in the maximum power density, reaching 773.9 mW m-2, representing a 22% improvement over the plain carbon cloth electrode. The decolorization rate of methyl orange (50 mg L-1, pH 7) reached 99% within 48 h. Biodiversity analysis revealed that the TP-RGO@CC anode selectively enriched electrogens producing and organic matter-degrading bacteria, promoting a dual mechanism of dye decolorization, degradation, and simultaneous electro-production at the anode. This work highlights advanced anode materials that excel in effective pollutant removal, energy conversion, and biomass reuse.

Easily-prepared macroporous-mesoporous carbon from palm fiber as a sustainable anode for high-performance microbial fuel cells

Anode material plays a pivotal role in increasing the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this study, macroporous-mesoporous carbon derived from palm fiber (PF) as sustainable anode material was easily prepared via H3PO4 activation followed by carbonization. The MFC with palm fiber derived anode achieved a maximum power density of 718.15 mW m-2, which was 3.89 times higher than that of carbon cloth anode (146.78 mW m-2). P element was doped on PF anode by H3PO4 activation, which significantly improved the anodic hydrophilicity. The specific surface area (SSA), microporous structure, and P content of PF anode were significantly increased while O content was decreased when carbonization temperature increased from 500 °C to 900 °C. Collectively, PF anode was characteristic with high electrochemical performance and facile fabrication, which exhibiting great application potentials as an ideal MFC anode material in future.

Synergistic advancements in sewage-driven microbial fuel cells: novel carbon nanotube cathodes and biomass-derived anodes for efficient renewable energy generation and wastewater treatment

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer a dual solution of generating electrical energy from organic pollutants-laden wastewater while treating it. This study focuses on enhancing MFC performance through innovative electrode design. Three-dimensional (3D) anodes, created from corncobs and mango seeds via controlled graphitization, achieved remarkable power densities. The newly developed electrode configurations were evaluated within sewage wastewater-driven MFCs without the introduction of external microorganisms or prior treatment of the wastewater. At 1,000°C and 1,100°C graphitization temperatures, corncob and mango seed anodes produced 1,963 and 2,171 mW/m2, respectively, nearly 20 times higher than conventional carbon cloth and paper anodes. An advanced cathode composed of an activated carbon-carbon nanotube composite was introduced, rivaling expensive platinum-based cathodes. By optimizing the thermal treatment temperature and carbon nanotube content of the proposed cathode, comparable or superior performance to standard Pt/C commercial cathodes was achieved. Specifically, MFCs assembled with corncob anode with the proposed and standard Pt/C cathodes reached power densities of 1,963.1 and 2,178.6 mW/m2, respectively. Similarly, when utilizing graphitized mango seeds at 1,100°C, power densities of 2,171 and 2,151 mW/m2 were achieved for the new and standard cathodes, respectively. Furthermore, in continuous operation with a flow rate of 2 L/h, impressive chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates of 77% and 85% were achieved with corncob and mango seed anodes, respectively. This work highlights the significance of electrode design for enhancing MFC efficiency in electricity generation and wastewater treatment.

Enhancing microbial fuel cell performance: A study on carbon cloth/TiO2 and carbon cloth/CuO electrodes

AbstractThis study confirmed the efficacy of modified electrode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and generating electricity using wastewater from industrial meat processing. The findings of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated that applying CuO particles to carbon cloth (CC) significantly reduced the charge transfer resistance, resulting in improved electrochemical performance. In the batch experiment, the MFCs were conducted by applying different electrodes and Nafion‐117 as a proton exchange membrane (PEM). X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were performed to study the development of metal oxide on the electrode surface. The MFC operating with the CC/CuO electrode achieved a maximum COD removal (74.6%), which was attained at the peak power output of 82.56 mW/m2 and the greatest current density of 213.33 mA/m2, as indicated by the polarization curve data. In light of these findings, coating CuO on the CC anode promotes electron transfer, enhances the electrode's conductivity and increases its electrochemical surface area. In summary, the findings of this study hold significant implications for sustainable electricity production and remarkable effects on environmental quality, highlighting the strategic importance of the research approach and outputs in addressing global energy and environmental challenges.

Effect of anode material and dispersal limitation on the performance and biofilm community in microbial electrolysis cells

In a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), the oxidization of organic compounds is facilitated by an electrogenic biofilm on the anode surface. The biofilm community composition determines the function of the system. Both deterministic and stochastic factors affect the community, but the relative importance of different factors is poorly understood. Anode material is a deterministic factor as materials with different properties may select for different microorganisms. Ecological drift is a stochastic factor, which is amplified by dispersal limitation between communities. Here, we compared the effects of three anode materials (graphene, carbon cloth, and nickel) with the effect of dispersal limitation on the function and biofilm community assembly. Twelve MECs were operated for 56 days in four hydraulically connected loops and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to analyse the microbial community composition on the anode surfaces at the end of the experiment. The anode material was the most important factor affecting the performance of the MECs, explaining 54–80 % of the variance observed in peak current density, total electric charge generation, and start-up lag time, while dispersal limitation explained 10–16 % of the variance. Carbon cloth anodes had the highest current generation and shortest lag time. However, dispersal limitation was the most important factor affecting microbial community structure, explaining 61–98 % of the variance in community diversity, evenness, and the relative abundance of the most abundant taxa, while anode material explained 0–20 % of the variance. The biofilms contained nine Desulfobacterota metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), which made up 64–89 % of the communities and were likely responsible for electricity generation in the MECs. Different MAGs dominated in different MECs. Particularly two different genotypes related to Geobacter benzoatilyticus competed for dominance on the anodes and reached relative abundances up to 83 %. The winning genotype was the same in all MECs that were hydraulically connected irrespective of anode material used.

Enhanced extracellular electron transfer of CoMn2O4@CNT as microbial fuel cell anode

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can recover electrical energy from organic wastewater using electrically active microorganisms (EAMs), both for wastewater treatment and electricity generation. However, the relatively low power output density currently prevents MFCs from being used commercially. The main reasons are low microbial load and slow extracellular electron transfer (EET) at the anode interface. Increasing the load of EAMs on the anode and the efficiency of EET are considered to be effective strategies to improve the overall performance of MFCs. Compared to the primitive carbon cloth (CC) anode, the CoMn2O4@CNT complex anode has a multi-layer porous network structure that provides a rich biocompatibility site for bacterial attachment. In addition, CoMn2O4@CNT can release positively charged cobalt ions (Co2+/Co3+) and manganese ions (Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+). Bimetallic cooperative regulation can effectively promote the attachment of electronegative microorganisms and the EET rate. In this study, CoMn2O4@CNT anode MFC exhibited excellent electrochemical performance (Rct 15.14 Ω) and electrical production (3269.34 mW m−2 0.62 V), and the output power density was 4.1 times that of CC anode MFC.

Enhancing microbial fuel cell performance for sustainable treatment of palm oil mill wastewater using carbon cloth anode coated with activated carbon

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a viable source of clean and renewable energy from wastewater and gaining attention on a global scale. Thus, this research work focuses on the energy production from high-strength palm oil mill wastewater using MFCs. A state-of-the-art technique for improving the performance of MFCs by covering a carbon fibre anode with various sized powdered activated carbon (PAC) particles was investigated. In addition, the MFCs were tested at various hydraulic retention times (HRT) to assess the performance displayed by modified MFCs. Results showed that a relatively smaller amount of PAC with a diameter of 13 μm coated at the anode during the cultivation stage at a shorter hydraulic retention time (4 days) would produce 504.1 ± 8.7 mW m−3 of power, 39.9 ± 2.9% of chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency, and 299 ± 63 mL of biogas. While, MFC running at a longer hydraulic retention time (12 days) was able to produce more power and had better effluent quality than those operating at a shorter hydraulic retention period.

Improving power output in microbial fuel cells with free-standing CoCx/Co@CC composite anodes

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are being recognized as a promising solution for sustainable energy generation and wastewater treatment. Despite their potential, MFCs face certain challenges that must be overcome, such as the problem of low power output caused by inefficient extracellular electron transfer (EET). In this study, we develop a nanoporous CoCx/Co@CC composite anode using microwave-assisted and high-temperature calcination methods to enhance EET efficiency and bacterial adhesion in MFCs. Compared with pure carbon cloth (CC) anodes, MFCs with CoCx/Co@CC anodes exhibit a 1.24-fold increase in power density, with a maximum output of 2693 mW m−2. The improved performance can be attributed to the lower charge transfer resistance (Rct) and higher redox activity of the CoCx/Co@CC anode. Cobalt's multiple valence states enhance its ability to transfer electrons between microorganisms and electrodes, ultimately increasing the overall redox activity. The CoCx/Co@CC anode also promotes the growth and enrichment of exoelectrogens, with Geobacter being enriched up to 75 % at the anode, compared with 46 % at the CC electrode. These findings demonstrate the potential of CoCx/Co@CC anodes for improving the EET efficiency of MFCs, which can have significant implications for sustainable energy and wastewater treatment.

Vanadium nitride decorated carbon cloth anode promotes aniline degradation and electricity generation of MFCs by efficiently enriching electroactive bacteria and promoting extracellular electron transfer

To increase the colonization of electroactive bacteria and accelerate the rate of extracellular electron transfer, a simple coated anode of microbial fuel cell was designed. Here, we took advantage of vanadium nitride (VN) particles to modify the carbon cloth (VN@CC). Compared with bare carbon cloth, the designed VN@CC bioanodes exhibited a larger electrochemically active area, better biocompatibility, and smaller charge transfer impedance. The MFC with VN@CC bioanodes achieved the maximum power density of 3.89 W m−2 and chemical oxygen demand removal rate of 84% when 1000 mg L−1 aniline was degraded, which were about 1.88 and 2.8 times that of CC. The morphology of biofilm and 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis proved that the VN@CC bioanodes facilitated the enrichment of electroactive bacteria (99.02%) and increased the ratio of fast electron transfer in the extracellular electron transfer, thus enhancing the MFC performance of aniline degradation and power output. This work disclosed that it was feasible to increase the overall performance of MFC by enhancing the EET efficiency and presented valuable insights for future work.

Kinetic modeling for miniaturize single-chambered microbial fuel cell: effects of biochemical reaction on its performance.

In this study, Nernst growth model equations are used to explain the anodic biofilm (ABF) modeling, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at various growth stages of biofilm, and polarization curve modeling for its electron generation behavior in a miniaturized single-chambered microbial fuel cell (SMFC). Kinetic constants of various growth model equations were determined using non-linear regression analysis. Maximum specific growth rate (μmax) at anodic surface is observed 0.016h-1 at a glucose concentration of 12g L-1, whereas retardation in μmax is observed 14g L-1 or more in SMFC. LSV results showed maximum current density of 6720.56mAm-2. Anode performance in SMFC is examined through polarization curve resulting maximum open-circuit voltage (OCV), minimum charge transfer loss, and ohmic loss for NWG (NiWO4 impregnated on rGO), NiWO4, rGO, and plain CC (carbon cloth) anode. These results demonstrate significant enhancement in performance of MFC to lead towards model-based process controlling for significant scale-up in future.