Car Transport Research Articles

The Environmental and Biodiversity Impacts of a New Cableway System: A Comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment

Cars are still used as the primary mode of transportation for daily commuting, with their emissions significantly affecting urban air quality, contributing to overall greenhouse gas emissions. Efforts to reduce car dependency have led to exploration of alternative transportation options such as cableway systems in urban areas. However, limited information exists regarding the environmental impacts and biodiversity implications of such systems. This study conducted a comparative life cycle assessment between a proposed cableway system for the city of Trieste, Italy and its current car transportation mode. The analysis considered both daily operational profiles and passenger occupancy rates of the cableway system. Drawing from similar cableway systems worldwide, it was calculated that the proposed Trieste cableway would accommodate 2,007 daily passengers, on average. Results from the environmental assessment revealed that the cableway's operational phase had by far the greatest impact on all environmental categories, followed by its construction and by land clearance. Additionally, the use phase was found to be the major cause for most biodiversity loss, particularly towards terrestrial ecosystems. Comparisons of life cycle GHG emissions between the cableway and car transportation indicated that the cableway system would be a preferable option if the daily average passengers would reach at least 3,908, which is almost double than the expected ones. Furthermore, the cableway system exhibited larger environmental impacts across most categories compared to current car transportation. Thus, this study challenges the perception that the cableway system is a more sustainable option compared to conventional modes of transport, as additional factors need to be considered for a broader overview of the environmental performances.

Trading Community Analysis of Countries’ Roll-On/Roll-Off Shipping Networks Using Fine-Grained Vessel Trajectory Data

Roll-on/roll-off vessels (RO/RO vessels) are playing an increasingly critical role in international automobile transport, facilitating the efficient movement of vehicles and heavy machinery across continents. Despite this growing significance, there is still limited research specifically focused on the RO/RO shipping network and its impact on global trade. This paper studies the global RO/RO shipping network using AIS data on RO/RO vessels collected from 2020 to 2023. We construct a method based on the complex network theory and the graph feature extraction method to quantitatively assess the features of the RO/RO shipping network. This method assesses the complexity, sparsity, homogeneity, modularity, and hierarchy of the RO/RO shipping network across various ports and countries and employs the graph convolutional neural network (GCN) model to extract network features for community detection. This process enables the identification of port clusters that are frequently linked to RO/RO vessels, as well as regional transport modes. The paper’s findings support these conclusions: (1) From 2020 to 2023, the number of nodes in the RO/RO shipping network increased by 22%, primarily concentrated in African countries. The RO/RO shipping network underwent restructuring after the pandemic, with major complex network parameters showing an upward trend. (2) The RO/RO shipping network is complex, with a stable graph density of 0.106 from 2020 to 2023. The average degree increased by 7% to 4.224. Modularity decreased by 6.5% from 0.431 in 2022 to 0.403, while the hierarchy coefficient rose to 0.575, suggesting that post-pandemic, community routes have become more diverse, reflecting the reconstruction and maturation of the overall network. (3) The model yielded a silhouette coefficient of 0.548 and a Davies–Bouldin index of 0.559 using an improved automatic feature extraction method. In comparison between 2020 and 2023, the changes in the two indicators are small. This shows that GINs can effectively extract network features and give us results that we can understand for community detection. (4) In 2023, key communities divide the RO/RO shipping network, with one community handling 39% of global routes (primarily Europe–Asia), another community handling 23% (serving Asia–Pacific, Africa, and the Middle East), and a third community managing 38% (linking Asia, Europe, and South America).

The Construction of Equality vs. Equity and Its (Un)Transparent Communication. A Corpus-Based Analysis of ESG Communication in the Car Transportation Sector

Abstract Studies across various disciplines have shown that, although they sound similar, there is significant difference in the meanings of the words equality and equity. However, no research has been conducted on the linguistic and discursive construction of these two concepts, especially in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures, which are increasingly used by companies to show their commitment to these issues. In light of this, the primary objective of this study is to assess the usage of equity and equality in ESG communication, comparing it with their usage in a general English corpus. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the transparency of companies’ communication regarding their commitment and approach to equality and/or equity. Through a synchronic corpus-based analysis of a pilot corpus of ESG reports from companies operating in the sectors of car rental and ride sharing, followed by a comparison with the enTenTen21 Corpus, this paper provides insights into the linguistic profiles of the two words and the communication strategies in both contexts. The findings attempt at contributing to an updated linguistic definition of the distinction between equity and equality that is still lacking in the literature.

How Covid-19 Has Changed Safety in the Car Transportation Sector: A Corpus-Assisted Analysis of Non-Financial Reports

The importance of people’s safety during Covid-19 has resulted in greater attention to this aspect in CSR and ESG disclosures, especially in the field of transport. The relevance of this topic is also reflected in the recent publication of linguistic studies that investigate how companies in some sub-sectors communicate their commitment to passengers’ safety (Rossato & Nocella, 2022; Bondi & Nocella, 2023). This paper explores how safety is discursively constructed and communicated in the car rental and ride sharing sectors, both before and during the pandemic. Working along the lines of corpus-assisted discourse studies (Partington et al., 2013), the research analyses a corpus of English CSR and ESG reports published by international American companies in the above-mentioned fields of transport. Findings suggest a great concern for safety issues and a more inclusive approach to both customers’ and employees’ safety during the pandemic. Additionally, car rental companies show more attention to vehicle safety, while ride sharing operators put more emphasis on road safety. Evidence also suggests that the companies largely employ commissive statements and vague linguistic choices that signal a general lack of transparency on the practices and initiatives enacted to ensure customers’ and workers’ safety.

Is Centralisation of Cancer Services Associated With Under-Treatment of Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer?-A National Population-Based Study.

Centralising prostate cancer surgical and radiotherapy services, requires some patients to travel longer to access treatment, but its impact on actual treatment utilisation and outcomes is unknown. Using national cancer registry records linked to administrative hospital data, we identified all patients with high risk and locally advanced prostate cancer diagnosed between 1 April 2019 and 31 March 2020 in the English National Health Service (n = 15,971). Estimated travel times from the patient residential areas to the nearest hospital providing surgery or radiotherapy were estimated for journeys by car and by public transport. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model relationships between travel time and receipt of care with adjustment for patient characteristics. 10,693 (67%) men received radical surgery or radiotherapy (RT) within 12 months of diagnosis. Average travel time to the nearest hospital providing prostatectomy or RT was 23.2 min by private car and 58.2 min by public transport. We found no association between travel time, either by car or public transport and the likelihood of receiving curative treatment. Patients living in the most socially deprived areas, those aged over 70, those with two or more comorbidities, and those of black ethnic origin, were less likely to receive curative treatment (p& =& 0.001 for all associations). The current configuration of national prostate cancer services is not associated with the likelihood of receiving curative treatment. Further increases in capacity will unlikely improve utilisation rates beyond addressing sociodemographic barriers.

New trends of export of vocational education from China within «One Belt, One Road» initiative

Introduction. Over the past few years, the authorities of the People's Republic of China have begun to pay more and more attention to the development of vocational secondary and higher education. In addition to the growth and development of this area within the country, gradually with the increase in China’s presence on the world stage, the PRC is beginning to export its educational services abroad.Purpose setting. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of China's promotion of its education abroad. The task is to examine the main forms of export of Chinese vocational education to foreign countries.Methodology and methods of the study. Using general methods of scientific knowledge and using a large array of factual data and sources in Chinese, consider the trends in the spread of Chinese vocational education in the world.Results. China has opened a new page in the development of vocational education both within the country and by experimenting with new formats of international cooperation in this segment of education. An example of such projects is the opening of the so-called Lu Ban Workshops, created in honor of the famous Chinese philosopher, engineer and artisan of the 5th century BC, which train modern specialists with technical skills. In total, China has launched over 40 similar workshops abroad with 70 different modern specialties, where more than 11 thousand people have already been trained. After the successful launch of Lu Ban Workshops, various Chinese professional institutions began to open their own specialized workshops, including those for the development of automobile transport, maritime economy, printing, etc.Conclusion. Such projects, which today cover both the SCO countries and the participants of the «One Belt, One Road» initiative, create a new platform for international exchange and cooperation in the field of vocational education and help promote humanitarian exchanges between China and other countries of the world.

The Relationship Between Physical And Mental Workload On Job Fatigue In Maxim Car Drivers In Kupang City In 2024

Transportation is a system consisting of certain facilities along with the flow and control system that allows people or goods to move from one place to another efficiently at any time to support human activities. Indonesia as a developing country certainly has a very rapid development of services in the fields of land, sea and air transportation. Transportation owned by the Indonesian Nation certainly has innovations from past to present in order to advance transportation services, one of which is an online provider company. Online transportation companies offer transportation services such as online motorcycle taxis, online taxis, delivery of goods, food delivery and so on, thus making this service in demand by many people. Likewise in Kupang City where there are several online transportation options, one of which is Maxim car transportation which has the advantage of being quite cheap. The high demand for Maxim online transportation in Kupang City has an impact on the fatigue experienced by online transportation drivers. One of them is also felt by Maxim Mobil drivers. Based on the researcher's initial survey of Maxim drivers in Kupang city, fatigue often occurs in Maxim Car drivers due to the increase in Maxim Car users in Kupang City. This type of research is quantitative using analytic survey method and cros sectional research design. The sample in this study amounted to 81 respondents from a total population of 430 drivers selected using accidental sampling method. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between physical load and work fatigue and there was a significant relationship between mental load and fatigue in maxim car drivers in Kupang City.

A survey of water quality in areas of Albanian ports

This study report data on physical-chemical parameters and on concentrations of organic pollutants in marine water samples of Albanian ports. Nutrients, PH, temperature, conductivity, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, chlorines, sulfates, magnesium and calcium ions were the indicators used for evaluation of water quality. Also, organic pollutants (organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, PAH and benzene) were determined in seawater samples. Albania is facing by Ionian and Adriatic seas in a coastline of more than 300 km. Several ports are in function in Albanian coastline. Ship transport and many activities (automobile transport, mechanical activities, deposits, etc.) are the main factors of water pollution in port areas. Water samples from seven ports (the main Albanian ports) starting from Saranda port in the South to Shengjini port in the North, were analyzed in this study. Sampling was realized in May 2023. Based on physical-chemical indicators the water in the port of Saranda was the cleanest water, while Porto-Romano, Petrolifera and the fishing port in Zvernec was the most polluted one. Organic pollutants were detected in all water samples. Presence of the degradation products of pesticides may be related with previous uses of them. Presence of PCBs can be because of atmospheric deposition (volatile congeners), water currents and mechanical businesses (heavy congeners). PAHs and Benzene were detected on more than 70% of the analyzed samples. Intense ship and automobile transport in the port areas, mechanical businesses discharge and hydrocarbon processing i(Petrolifera and Porto-Romano) can be main factor for their presence. Water currents and new arrivals from the rivers can influence the levels and profile of pollutants. The found levels of organic pollutants in water samples of Albanian ports were higher than reported levels in previous studies for the Adriatic Sea (Albania coastline).

A-123 Comparative Assessment of Unmanned High-Speed Aerial Vehicles in Medical Logistics: Blood Sample Transportation Amidst Weather Variability

Abstract Background Drones, as an innovative technology, hold transformative potential in the field of medical logistics, especially in the transportation of sensitive medical materials like blood samples. This study aimed to assess and compare the impact of high-speed drone transportation with conventional car transportation on the integrity and preanalytics of blood samples, taking into account various blood materials and analytes. Methods Blood samples, including EDTA whole blood, serum, and plasma anticoagulated with Citrate and Lithium-Heparin transported as whole blood, were subjected to transportation via both drone and car. Drone flights were tested under diverse weather conditions (ranging between 4 and 20 degrees Celsius), and results were compared to samples stored without transportation. The maximum drone speed exceeded 100 km/h. A total of 28 analytes were tested on Serum, 20 on EDTA, 26 on Lithium-Heparin, and 5 on Citrate blood. Statistical analyses were performed using Passing Bablok and Bland-Altman methods. Results For Serum samples, the correlation coefficient (r) ranged from 0.830 to 1.000, and slopes varied from 0.913 to 1.111. Five analytes (total bilirubin, Calcium, Ferritin, Kalium, and Sodium) exhibited discrepancies between the negative control and the transported sample, with r lower than 0.800, slopes not between 0.8 and 1.2, and mean (%) not between +/- 10%. However, no significant differences were noted between drone and car transportation. Similar patterns emerged for EDTA, Lithium-Heparin, and Citrate samples, with r ranging from 0.829 to 0.997, 0.939 to 0.998, and 0.830 to 1.000, respectively. Slopes ranged from 0.956 to 1.051, 0.938 to 1.085, and 0.913 to 1.111. Despite identifying a few discrepancies in specific analytes, no significant differences were observed between transportation methods. Conclusions n comparison to transportation by car, drone transportation of blood samples did not lead to alterations in concentrations of commonly used analytes. Notably, instances of differences before and after transportation were attributed to the transportation process itself rather than the mode of transportation. This suggests that the use of drones for medical sample transport can be deemed comparable to, if not superior to, traditional car transportation methods.

Problems of Tourist Transport in Dhi Qar Governorate in 2023

This research aims to determine the efficiency of the road transport network and to highlight the major road problems, as they play a significant role in the development and enhancement of tourist sites in Dhi-Qar Governorate. It examines the impact on various types of vehicular transport, given that cars offer unique advantages, such as door-to-door transportation and meeting the requirements of tourism and recreational activities at the destination. Road transport represents the primary foundation for tourism and its growth; thus, discussing the development of the tourism sector is incomplete without an efficient and advanced transportation system.The study explores the functional relationship between the elements of the car transport system and tourism activities at all spatial levels—local, regional, and international. This relationship serves as the theoretical framework for the role of road transport in creating developmental spatial benefits through road routes leading to tourist sites. These routes act as transportation hubs within the regional composite of Dhi-Qar Governorate, capable of generating and attracting traffic using car transport. Therefore, the study focuses on the major issues faced by the road network leading to tourist sites in Dhi-Qar Governorate. Dhi-Qar Governorate is among the prominent areas with tourism potential due to its significant archaeological sites, environmental recreational areas like the marshes, and religious sites that hold importance for many people.

RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF LOGISTICS SCHEMES EFFICIENCY FOR THE GRAIN LOADS TRANSPORTATION FOR EXPORT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MILITARY STATE

Purpose. The aim of the work is to study the effectiveness of various logistics schemes for the delivery of grain cargoes for export from production sites to its transshipment points - to sea ports and to border terminals on the border with the countries of the European Union. Methodology. In the research process analysis and synthesis methods were used to study the content and main provisions of scientific publications on the state of the logistic system of transporting Ukrainian grain for export, the theory of operational work of railways for the development of logistics schemes for the delivery of grain cargoes, methods of mathematical statistics for the analysis of tariffs for road transportation, methods of technical economic calculations and determination of transportation tariffs. Results. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of grain delivery logistics schemes, the routes from one of the areas with the largest concentration of grain loading to a large seaport and to a railway and road border checkpoint were considered. At the same time, the following logistics schemes of grain delivery were chosen: automobile transportation by grain trucks and in containers, railway transportation by wagons and route shipments in grain wagons and in containers on fitting platforms. Calculations showed that transportation costs in the direction of ports are 10...15% lower than for transportation to land checkpoints; rail transportation is generally 30...40% cheaper than road transportation, and transportation in containers allows to save 20...25% of the cost of transportation. Scientific novelty. The obtained results make it possible to provide a scientific and economic basis for the development and improvement of the grain cargo transportation system, as well as for the optimization of the parameters of its individual links. Practical significance. Analysis and improvement of grain transportation logistics schemes will increase the efficiency of grain export logistics, reduce the share of the logistics component in the final cost of Ukrainian grain and, accordingly, increase both its competitiveness on foreign markets and foreign currency revenues to the state budget.

Preanalytic Integrity of Blood Samples in Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Medical Transport: A Comparative Study

The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles or uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs)—commonly known as drones—into medical logistics offers transformative potential for the transportation of sensitive medical materials, such as blood samples. Traditional car transportation is often hindered by traffic delays, road conditions, and geographic barriers, which can compromise timely delivery. This study provides a comprehensive analysis comparing high-speed drone transportation with traditional car transportation. Blood samples, including EDTA whole blood, serum, lithium-heparin plasma, and citrate plasma tubes, were transported via both methods across temperatures ranging from 4 to 20 degrees Celsius. The integrity of the samples was assessed using a wide array of analytes and statistical analyses, including Passing–Bablok regression and Bland–Altman plots. The results demonstrated that drone transportation maintains blood sample integrity comparable to traditional car transportation. For serum samples, the correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.830 to 1.000, and the slopes varied from 0.913 to 1.111, with minor discrepancies in five analytes (total bilirubin, calcium, ferritin, potassium, and sodium). Similar patterns were observed for EDTA, lithium-heparin, and citrate samples, indicating no significant differences between transportation methods. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of drones to enhance the efficiency and reliability of medical sample transport, particularly in scenarios requiring rapid and reliable delivery. Drones could significantly improve logistical operations in healthcare by overcoming traditional transportation challenges.

Expanding the Areas of Attraction of Solutions to Singularly Perturbed Equations

The article analyzes the state and development prospects of the transport and logistics system of automobile transport in the Kyrgyz Republic. The authors consider the key features of the functioning of the automobile sector in the context of the country’s transition economy. The work assesses the current state of automobile transportation of goods and passengers, examines the main problems hindering the increase in the efficiency of the transport and logistics system. These include low technical equipment of the vehicle fleet, insufficient development of the logistics infrastructure, imperfection of legal regulation, personnel shortage. The authors propose a set of measures aimed at modernizing and optimizing the functioning of automobile transport in Kyrgyzstan. Among the key areas are the renewal of the vehicle fleet, the development of a network of logistics centers and multimodal transportation, the introduction of information technologies in transportation management, and the improvement of state regulation of the industry. According to the authors, the implementation of the proposed measures will contribute to increasing the competitiveness and customer focus of automobile transport in the Kyrgyz Republic, which in turn will have a positive impact on the development of the national economy.

Changes in the equilibrium of the urban transport system of a large city following an urban flood

Urban floods are among the most frequent and destructive natural disasters. They generate enormous economic and non-economic losses, including damage to buildings and transportation infrastructure, which are critical systems supporting community well-being. The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact an urban flood would have on the urban road transport system in Łódź and to determine changes in potential accessibility that would accompany a flood. This paper introduces a novel approach in terms of combining the modelling of direct impact ranges of urban flooding in the area of Łódź and a macroscopic multi-motivational traffic model for the city (using PTV Visum software). This made it possible to identify mechanisms of changes made in as many intra-system relationships as possible, as well as between the system and its surroundings. The results showed that changes in the spatial distribution of traffic volume in the city are closely dependent on the water level. The sections of the network most affected by the load changes are those that form the framework for the entire system of Łódź, indicating a lack of resilience of the car transport subsystem in the critical segment for the functioning quality of the entire subsystem. Additionally, the study was conducted for public transport, and it was indicated that changes in its utilization are minimal. It was also found that the greatest impact on transport accessibility from an urban flood is for ultra-short trips. This is primarily due to the base effect (the initial quality of the infrastructure and its potential) – the internal potential of the transport area deteriorates drastically during a flood, severely affecting accessibility.

Environmental impacts of oil extraction in blocks 16 and 67 of the Yasuní Reserve in the Amazonian Forest: Combined qualitative and Life-Cycle Assessment

This research analyses 24 years of oil extraction in blocks 16 and 67 of the Yasuní National Park (YNP) in the Amazonian Forest of Ecuador, one of the most biodiverse spaces in the world and with the current presence of ancient indigenous communities. As a novel contribution, we have carried out a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) that quantifies the footprints associated with the extraction, transportation, refining, distribution and final uses of the oil in four different scenarios (oil for asphalt use, electricity, marine fuel and passenger car transport). This study also sheds light on the energy return at the point of use of different oil-derivatives, and complements this with a qualitative analysis of the social, cultural and environmental implications for the Waorani communities. We conclude that the environmental burdens of the extraction process in blocks 16 and 67 in 2015 were greater than those of countries such as the United States, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia, based on the analysis of 11 impact categories. The blocks' operation is the most unfavourable for the categories of Terrestrial Acidification Potential (TAP), Global Warming Potential (GWP), Terrestrial Ecotoxicity Potential (TEP) and Ecosystem Quality Loss Potential (EQL), with increments of 804.15 %, 105.36 %, 506.29 % and 210.73 %, respectively, in relation to the average of the rest of the extraction systems analysed. Specifically, the present case study shows 75.18 % higher impacts in the blocks addressed, when compared to the Ecuadorian average. During the period 1999-2022, the carbon emissions associated with the oil extraction in these blocks have increased by 139.01%. It has been detected a neo-colonial economic behaviour: while the Ecuadorian state received 21% of the sales, the Spanish government and the oil companies received, on average, 38% and 41% of the per-litre average fuel price, respectively. Thus, 79% of the income stayed in the Global North. We conclude that, on average, 19.64 % of the impacts associated with crude oil production and consumption occur in the Amazonian region of the YNP, depending on the fuel used and the consumption mechanism. For the Global Warming Potential (GWP) impact category, the extraction process carries, on average, 34.51 % of the weight in all of the life-cycle impacts, depending on the consumption scenario. It was also estimated that to be able to use 0.33 kWh of electricity from fuel combustion, 0.47 kWh of energy for goods transport and 0.20 kWh for passenger transport, an investment of 1 kWh is required, with an average extended EROI of 1:3.33. According to the qualitative analysis performed, it has been concluded that the main local impacts are related to the obstacles in environmental monitoring and information, the economic dependence of the communities on the oil extraction company, and cultural transformations; impacts that are not easily quantifiable or detectable using other methodologies. The combination of the qualitative analysis and LCA showed that the neo-colonial economic distribution did not compensate the social and environmental impacts of the oil extraction occurred in the YNP.

Balancing growth and sustainability: The impact of Greenfield investment on trade adjusted carbon emissions

In the last two decades, the surge in carbon emissions has escalated environmental damage and is a major concern globally. Recognized as a significant threat to humanity, unchecked environmental degradation can potentially hinder the achievement of sustainable development. As a result, accurate monitoring of carbon emissions becomes imperative for formulating effective climate policies. Taking into consideration, this study has taken the newly developed consumption-based carbon emissions measure to study the pollution haven hypothesis and examine the link between Greenfield Investment (GFI) inflows to host nations and their environmental impact for 85 developing countries from 1990 to 2020. The results show a positive correlation between Greenfield investment and Consumption-based Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CCO2) in sampled nations. Similarly, energy usage and export damage the environment because developing countries rely on conventional and old methods of energy usage. The results were further analyzed for low, lower middle, and upper middle income countries as well. The subsample outcome shows that Greenfield investment has a more damaged environment in low income countries as compared to lower middle and upper middle income countries. These insights underscore the urgency for developing countries to adopt environmentally conscious policies to attract international investors. It also emphasizes the need for stringent regulations aimed at curbing environmental pollution and complying with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Similarly, low and lower middle income countries to attract Greenfield investment, may also focus more on strict environmental pollution policies. Industries must be shifted from conventional energy methods to renewable energy sources. Sustainable Development Goals; 7, 12, and 13 can be achieved by host countries, alluring investors to invest in terms of Greenfield in renewable energy resources, which would be used in automobile transportation, to shift industries from conventional energy resources to renewable energy resources. The same Greenfield investment would also be used in bringing efficient machinery for more production in industries with minimal environmental pollution.

Методологічний підхід до розв’язання проблеми надійності функціонування автомобільних транспортних систем

An analysis of methods and techniques for solving the problem of increasing and ensuring the appropriate level of reliability of technical systems was carried out, which made it possible, based on the use of analogies, to find out the directions for ensuring the reliability of automobile transport systems. The essence of the concept of the reliability of the functioning of automobile transport systems for the transportation of goods and passengers from a methodological point of view is clarified. The insufficiency of regulatory and legal documentation for the development of methods and techniques for assessing the reliability of transport systems is substantiated. The synthesis of the concepts of "management" and "reliability" of the functioning of transport systems in comparison with similar concepts of technical systems is considered. The expert method and methodology of expert assessment of the reasons for failures of the production subsystem of the motor vehicle enterprise and its services are considered. It was found that factor analysis in combination with expert assessment makes it possible to assess the significance of the reasons for failure of transport systems and their frequency. In accordance with the classification of failures of technical systems, an analysis of their belonging to automobile transport systems was carried out. The classification of failures of technical systems according to different sets of features is analyzed. It was established that the classification of failures of automobile transport systems is based on the use of analogy with the classification of failures of technical systems, as well as on the results of the analysis of the factors of the causes of failures that occur in the production system of the carrier's enterprise. It was revealed that the selection of significant factors affecting the failure of automobile transport systems is based on the method of expert evaluations, their ranking by importance was carried out, and their relative frequencies were calculated. The results of the factor analysis of the reasons for the failure of the production subsystem of the motor vehicle enterprise are given. It is assumed that by analogy with technical automobile transport systems, they are also subject to decomposition by stages of the life cycle. Therefore, a sudden failure of automobile transport systems is characterized by a sudden change in the values of one or more initial parameters agreed with the customer, and a gradual one occurs as a result of a slow, gradual deterioration of the functioning characteristics of the subsystem or the system as a whole or a participant in the transportation of goods and passengers.

Analysis of the attraction of gondola cars for container transportation

The subject of the study is the process of using gondola cars for transporting containers. The purpose of the study is to study the use of this non-specialized rolling stock for container transportation — gondola cars.The prerequisites for returning to this container transportation technology, not used from 2014 to 2021, the organization of container transportation in gondola cars, and the economic component are considered. The relevance of the topic is due to the large share of container transportation and the current situation with the rolling stock — a shortage of fitting platforms and the difficulty of transporting them empty to loading points. The method of analytical comparisons is used.Conclusions have been formulated confirming the effectiveness and rationality of container transportation using gondola cars, which seem controversial and unstable to some participants in the transportation process. The use of wagons for container transportation is an effective solution in conditions of a long supply of specialized rolling stock and its insufficient quantity on the railway network. However, container transportation in gondola cars requires the improvement of some technological documents to increase the level of safety of train traffic and the safety of transported goods.

Geographic Accessibility of General Practitioners by Car and Public Transport - A Study Using the Minimum Travel Time Method in a Rural Area in the North-East of Germany

Basic medical care should be accessible to all people without restriction. However, the distribution of practices in rural areas is often limited to the centers, meaning that distances have to be covered. The Federal Joint Committee (G-BA), the highest decision-making body of the joint self-government of physicians, dentists, hospitals and health insurance funds in Germany, only states for cars that 95% of the population should be able to reach general practitioners (GPs) in less than 20 minutes on average. The aim of this study was to determine the geographic accessibility of GP practices by car and public transport. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area in the north-east of Germany called Neustrelitz Central Zone and reported according to the STROBE statement. Geographic data of OpenStreetMap and the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy and GP practices data of the Associations of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Brandenburg were used. Based on the method of minimum travel time, the required travel times by car and public transport from the local centers to the three nearest physician locations were determined using various online tools. On average, inhabitants need 10.7 minutes to reach the three nearest GP practices by car, up to a maximum of 19 minutes. The average travel time by public transport for an appointment at 10 a.m. is four hours and twelve minutes. While it is possible for all municipalities (and their inhabitants) to reach the nearest GP practices in time for an appointment at 10 a.m. and to complete the return journey on the same day, this is no longer possible for 35% of municipalities (and their inhabitants) for an appointment at 3 p.m. and for 53% for an appointment at 5 p.m. In the Neustrelitz Central Zone, the accessibility of GP practices by car is ensured in accordance with the G-BA statements. On the other hand, the accessibility of GP practices by public transport can be a problem for people who do not have their own car. This could be remedied, for example, by expanding eHealth or mobile medical practices.

Examining Travel Mode Preference for the COVID-19 Post-Vaccination Period: Insights from Dhaka, Bangladesh

This research investigates preferences of general public towards travel modes in the COVID-19 post-vaccination times. First, a questionnaire survey is conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to gather information on people's socio-demographic characteristics, travel choices before, during, and after the pandemic, and attitudes towards public transit, active transport, and personal car. Next, three ordered logit models are developed to explore how mode preferences vary across socio-demographics, travel characteristics, and risk perceptions. This research identifies factors that contribute to commuters' travel mode preference as well as factors that act as deterrents. Analysis reveals that there will be a noticeable shift from public transport to private car and active transport. To be able to walk or bike to work, people may consider relocating closer to their workplaces. Individuals who used a private car before vaccination may continue to do so after being vaccinated. Additionally, women are more likely to prefer own vehicles while people aged more than 49 years are less likely to prefer public transport. Results also suggest that use of food delivery services, ridesharing, and working from home significantly affects travel mode preference. Individuals who never used ridesharing services are more likely to prefer walking and bicycling after vaccination. The outcomes of this study are expected to assist transport policymakers in the Global South to better understand COVID-19′s long-term influence on mode choice behavior and help in developing pragmatic policies to promote sustainable travel habits.