Car Number Research Articles

Laporan Akhir Kerja Praktik (KP) Aplikasi Surat Perintah Perjalanan Dinas Di UPTD PPD Medan Utara Bapenda Provsu

The Regional Revenue Agency (BAPEDA) is a government operational support component that carries out financial support tasks in the field of regional income. The author conducted a study of the official travel system while working practically, and at the UPTD PPD North Medan Bapenda PROVSU Medan produced an official travel order application. The author's aim in carrying out this practical work is to support the personnel department in the process of updating employee data including data entry and output. Assist in verifying car number plates and payment of vehicle tax that has just been registered on the e-Samsat application via the website with the branch office. Assist in preparing official travel orders and vehicle transfer reports. After a month of direct practice, the author found many incidents where after discussing with agency superiors, the author discussed the issue of Official Travel Orders (SPPD). The agency will use an inefficient and time-consuming system to handle future cases. because getting permission for official travel requires you to personally navigate a protracted bureaucracy. Therefore, the author used the skills he acquired in college to create an official travel booking system for an agency based on a website, making it easier for the department employees who handle it to obtain permits via the internet only. It can be concluded that students gain new information and experience through practical work that they would not get from face-to-face lectures. A clear picture of the overall scope of activities of an agency is provided through practical work. Additionally, practitioners receive training on how to perform their work with care, diligence, and analysis.

Consumer willingness to purchase hydrogen fuel cell vehicles：A meta-analysis of the literature

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs), as an important strategic path for global sustainable development and energy transition, have now become an important support for the global energy and transportation sectors. The United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, China, and other countries are vigorously developing HFCVs and increasing the construction of hydrogen stations. Before HFCVs enter the stage of rapid commercialization and development, it is necessary to investigate the factors that influence consumer HFCV adoption. In this paper, meta-analysis used 24 pieces of literature to include in a systematic evaluation of the existing research on the factors that influence consumer willingness to purchase HFCVs, setting influencing factors as the dependent variable, to clarify the specific roles of different influencing factors and to address the problem of mixed and contradictory findings in the literature. The results of the study show that: (1) The influence of gender and age on consumer willingness to purchase HFCVs cannot be judged. (2) Education, individual income, household income, family car number, driving range, knowledge, fuel availability, hydrogen refueling station density, environmental impact, policy incentives and attitudes all have a positive effect on HFCV adoption. (3) Household size, purchase price, fuel cost, maintenance cost and refueling time have a negative effect on HFCV adoption. (4) The purchase price, knowledge, fueling time, hydrogen refueling station density, and policy incentives significantly influence HFCV adoption. This paper provides new research methods and perspectives for the HFCV field and presents theoretical references for future governmental promotion of HFCV.

Automatic Car Number Plate Detection System Using OpenCv

bstract: Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is an issue that has received a lot of attention and has a lot of successful solutions. Due to the differences in number plate features around the world, these solutions are typically tailored for a specific environment. These attributes are employed in number plate recognition algorithms; thus, a universal solution would be difficult to achieve because the image analysis techniques used to develop these algorithms cannot guarantee 100% accuracy. This research focuses on a proposed method that is optimal for all types of car number plates. The program, which is implemented in Python and uses the OpenCV library, locates the plate by combining edge detection and Feature Detection approaches with mathematical morphology. EasyOCR python package was used to identify the characters on the license plate that were detected.

A Study on the Investigation of Air Pollutant Emissions (2015~2019) in Gunsan

Objectives : In this study, the emission status by year was analyzed using the air pollutant emission data of Gunsan for 5 years from 2015 to 2019. In addition, it is intended to identify the emission characteristics of (Jeonju and Iksan).Methods : Using the air pollutant emission data of the Clean Air Policy Support System(CAPSS) provided by the Ministry of Environment's National Fine Dust Information Center, the status of air pollutant emissions(CO, NOx, SOx, PM10, VOCs, NH3) in Gunsan was analyzed.Results and Discussion : In Gunsan, CO(car registration number), PM10(cargo transport volume) NH3(farmland using fertilizer, manure management) emissions increased. NOx(production of glass products) SOx{glass (carbon removal process)} and VOCs(whiskey, etc) emissions were reduced. In the emission characteristics, CO and NOx are mainly road transport and non-road transport pollutants(leisure, cargo) and SOx is production process{glass(carbon removal process)} and energy industry combustion(private power plant). PM10 is a non-road moving pollutant(ship, cargo), scattering dust(road scattering dust, construction work, agriculture), and VOCs are food and beverage processing(whiskey, etc) and organic solvent in the production process painting facility (ship manufacturing). NH3 is agricultural(fertilized cropland, manure management) and production processes(ammonia consumption). In the comparison of emission characteristics, Gunsan(CO, NOx, SOx, VOCs), Jeonju(PM10), Iksan(NH3) were high.Conclusion : The emission rate of air pollutants in Gunsan was in the order of VOCs > NOx > CO > SOx > NH3 > PM10. In the comparison of emissions characteristics, Gunsan, Jeonju and Iksan showed the same in NOx and NH3, but different in CO, SOx, PM10 and VOCs characteristics. This case is considered to be influenced by the size of the industrial complex, geographical characteristics of the region, economic structure, and population.

The Integrated Strategy of LIDAR Points’ Evaluation Localization and Lateral Tracking Optimization for a New Parking Robot's Tight Space Transportation

With the increase of car's number, the problem of insufficient parking space in cities is becoming more and more prominent. The high-density parking lots using parking robots can greatly improve space utilization. However, there is a great collision risk in the parking lot's tight space navigation. So, precise LIDAR localization and trajectory tracking control are the key technologies of autonomous driving along a predetermined path. Due to the laser points’ sparse character, the LIDAR points’ extracted features have distribution errors. In order to further optimize the LIDAR's localization, this article establishes the feature's error ellipsoid model, and the model's information and error entropies are calculated separately. The error entropy is utilized to optimize the feature-matching weight and improve the localization accuracy. Based on the higher localization result, a state-of-the-art lateral tracking model is proposed to address the challenges faced by the long parking robot. Then, the adaptive fuzzy control is designed to achieve precise control of wheel motion. Finally, an experimental platform is built to compare the effectiveness of different positioning and tracking algorithms. The comparison results show that the integration of laser evaluation localization and lateral tracking optimization algorithm can provides a collision-free improvement of 50% in the parking lot's tight spaces.

A Survey on Helmet Detection by CNN Algorithm

Accidents by not wearing helmet infractions are now a big problem for most emerging nations in the modern, changing world. Both the number of vehicles on the road and the number of traffic law offences are growinPly. Not wearing the helmet enforcement has always had a difficult and risky job. Despite the fact that traffic control has evolved into Due to the variety of plate types, various sizes, rotations, and uneven illumination during picture capture, automating the process is a particularly difficult task. The main goal of this project is to properly and efficiently control thehe accidents because of not wearing Helmet. The suggested model incorporates a computer-based camera-based automated system for video recording. In order to identify number plates more quickly and easily, the project offers Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) approaches as well as additional image-manipulation methods for plate localization and character recognition. The SMS-based module is used to alert the owners of the vehicles about their traffic rule violations after identifying the car number from the number plate. To trace the report, an additional SMS is sent to the Regional Transport Office (RTO).

Accident Alert System of Vehicle and Life Security using IoT Devices and Image Processing

In today’s world, higher security deployments are needed, as the expansion of the transportation system has accelerated with time. Road traffic disasters have become a widespread problem in recent years. With the tremendous increase in traffic accidents, the fatality rate among people is quickly expanding. Whenever a mishap occurs on the roadways, it becomes a devastating situation for the victims. As an output result of the proposed model in this article, critical notification regarding the scene of an accident and car number was successfully sent to the pre-programmed number after determining the accident scene. The relevant contacts that were configured and added to the system successfully received an emergency message, providing the exact geographic coordinates of the accident scene. Following the receipt of the message, an audio call with a recorded voice was made to the pre-defined number. Moreover, Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to get the coordinates from the satellite. For this purpose, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) was utilized to attain the (GPS) coordinates in the event of an accident. Following on, the current location of an automobile through (GPS) was transmitted to certain contact details that were pre-programmed within the application. The system also reported the severity of the accident, as well as whether a vehicle collided with another vehicle or a disaster occurred to the vehicle itself.

COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR AUTOMATIC LICENSE NUMBER RECOGNITION

The paper is devoted to the problem of automatic detection and recognition of license plates, the solution of which has many potential applications, from security to traffic management. The purpose of this work was to compare the methods of finding and recognizing car number plates, based on the application of deep learning algorithms, which takes into account different regional standards of car number plates, video quality, different speeds of vehicles, the location of the camera in relation to the vehicle license plate, defects of the car number plate (pollution , deformation), as well as changes in external lighting conditions. The advantages and disadvantages of localization and segmentation of car number plates on cars using image binarization, Viola–Jones and Harr methods are given. It was determined that adaptive approaches are better due to the possibility of compensating the impact of obstacles on different areas of the image, for example, the distribution of shadows due to the heterogeneity of illumination. It was determined that many methods in real algorithms rely directly or indirectly on the presence of number limits. Even if the limits are not used when the number is determined, they have the possibility to be used for further analysis. The methods of templates, image histograms, and contour analysis were compared to identify familiar features in the image (segmentation). It is shown that an effective approach for recognition of car license plates can be based on the application of the methods of Viola-Jones, Harr, the analysis of brightness histograms and the SVM method. Formulated conclusions on the effectiveness of the implementation of each of the procedures were confirmed as a result of conducting experiments with the developed software in the python 3 language using the cv2 computer vision library. The described approach makes it possible to obtain a fairly high recognition accuracy at different angles of rotation of the license plate relative to the camera. Keywords: automatic recognition, license plates, localization, normalization, segmentation, character recognition.

Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Parking System (ISPS) With Laser Security System (LSS)

      In order to solve one of the most important problems, especially in a large and crowded city like Baghdad, is finding an empty and secure car parking space.  In this work, an intelligent Smart Parking System (ISPS) has been investigated and developed by providing information about the empty lots and helping the driver to get to his parking spot with a rotary parking system to reduce the traffic in the parking area. The ISPS Park implements a car number plate recognition system as a security system for car identification. Moreover, for increased security, a fence with a Fiber-Optic vibration system has also been used to prevent any object from entering a parking space without a license. The ISPS was run with the pre-programmed controller to make minimum human involvement in the parking system to ensure access control in restricted places. Matlab with Arduino tools has been used for the car plate number recognition process and car entering control. The system shows that using RFID for entering and leaving is so fast and informative. A Fiber SenSys program has been used with the Alarm Processing Unit (APU) to prevent any unlicensed person from trying to cut, climb or crawl under a fence.

P08-16 Neighborhood walkability and older people's participation in leisure activities

BackgroundThe neighborhood environment may enhance or restrict older people's opportunities to participate in leisure activities, and thus impact quality of life. Walkability depicts the environment's suitability for walking to different destinations. Little is known concerning about the relation between environment walkability and participation in leisure activities. Our purpose was to study whether neighborhood's objective and perceived walkability were related to participation in various leisure activities outside the home.MethodsCross-sectional data of LISPE consisted of 848 community-dwelling people aged 75-90 living in the municipalities of Jyväskylä and Muurame, Finland. Participants' home addresses were geocoded, and walkability index (mixed land-use, street connectivity, and population density) was calculated using geographic information system and categorized into tertiles. From a checklist, participants chose all infrastructure-based facilitators present in their neighborhood, which draw them to outdoor mobility (e.g., good lighting, services close); the sum of these was used as an indicator of perceived walkability. Participation in leisure activities outside the home was self-reported based on frequency and classified as participation (yes/no) in group activities (≥1x/week), physical activity (≥1x/week), and non-group cultural and other activities (≥1x/month). For each leisure activity type, logistic regression models were conducted for walkability index and perceived walkability separately. Analyses were adjusted age, sex, years of education, weekly car use, walking difficulties, and number of chronic conditions.ResultsLogistic regression showed that the older people who lived in areas with high walkability index were more likely to participate in cultural and other activities activity at least once a month (OR = 1.64, 95% Cl = 1.14-2.36) and less likely to participate in physical activity at least once a week (OR = 0.61, 95% Cl = 0.39-0.94, fully adjusted model) than older people living in areas with low walkability index. Older people reporting higher perceived walkability participated more often in physical activity than those who reported lower walkability (OR = 1.14, 95% Cl = 1.05-1.23).ConclusionsLiving in the area of high walkability enhanced participation in cultural activities and decreased participation in physical activity. However, higher perceived walkability may motivate older people to be physically active. Environment which offers good infrastructure for outdoor mobility provides opportunities to participate in specific leisure activities.

ON THE QUESTION ON METHOD SELECTION OF THE EDGE DETECTION AND GRAPHIC OBJECT RECOGNITION APPLIED TO THE TASK OF LICENCE PLATE IDENTIFICATION

The method of the edge detection and graphic object recognition – licence plate is presented in this article. The development and use of an automatic car number recognition system is an urgent task, as it allows you to control the access of a car to a closed protected area without the participation of an operator. The article presents a comparative analysis of the quality and efficiency of various methods (Viola–Jones object detection framework, Canny edge detector, Sobel operator). The authors proposed a modification of the method for determining boundaries within the framework of the problem being solved, quantified the accuracy of recognition.

Car number plates recognition system using Advanced Machine learning algorithm

Nowadays in Vietnam, the management of vehicles is extremely complicated. Moreover, the work of detecting and sanctioning traffic violations, anti-theft... have many difficulties. To solve the above problems, it needs automatic systems that perform the job of recognizing plates, capable of reading and understanding plates automatically. That identification system has many practical applications such as automatic vehicle weighing stations, automatic toll stations, and automatic parking lots. As other automation systems, plate recognition involves hardware and software requirements. Hardware is an image acquisition device (camera), the image will be processed by software. The identification includes two stages: plate separation and character recognition. In this paper, a method to recognize car number plates based on an advanced machine-learning algorithm has illustrated to be effective in accurate identification rate in a short time.

FASTag RFID Scam

While the Union government enforced FASTag on vehicle users on national highways, as happens with 'everything government'No doubt, technologies like FASTag will help reduce corruption, it just need support from the government authorities as well as at the ground level, especially from people who are implementing this. Now a days, many scams were happening like coping the radio frequency identification sticker pasting to there vehicle by that the actualperson who registered to that are losing the money for this we can register to our car register number plat to radio frequency identification for that the car number plat should be visible this should be made as a rule by National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has warned people about the selling of fake FASTag online.

License plate detection using YOLO v4

Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) is a sizzling topic in the disciplines of intelligent transportation systems and image recognition. The real-time object detector YOLO (You Only Look Once) - darknet deep learning framework is used in this article to detect car number plates in parking lots in real time. The YOLOv4 deep learning technique was utilized in this proposed strategy to automatically recognize a car's number plate from a video stream. An OCR technique is applied to extract the number from the image of the number plate. The system detects license plates with an accuracy of around 89%.

Aerodynamic Effects Produced by a High-Speed Train Traveling through a Tunnel Considering Different Car Numbers

The geometrical configurations of high-speed trains and tunnels are symmetric. However, the aerodynamic pressure acting on tunnel walls induced by high-speed trains passing through is unsymmetric. The study of the aerodynamic effects produced by high-speed trains traveling through tunnels can be treated as the theoretical basis for safety evaluations of tunnel structures and operational trains. There is still no consensus regarding the use of three or four cars, as opposed to eight, in evaluations aerodynamic effects. To solve this problem, three-dimensional simulations were conducted to evaluate the effects of car number on the aerodynamic pressures of the tunnel lining and micropressure waves due to tunnel portals. The input parameters of our simulation were verified by comparing with field monitoring data obtained by other researchers. The results indicate that the root cause of the differences in the aerodynamic pressures of the tunnel lining and the micropressure waves of tunnel portals according to car number is that the wave diagrams of different car numbers inside tunnels present significant differences. The differences in the maximum positive and negative pressure peaks experienced by the tunnel lining between a three- and an eight-car model are 11.70% and 44.0%, respectively, while the differences in the same scenario are as high as 48.6% and 46.4% after train tail leaves the tunnel. When the car number increases from three to eight, the time to reach the maximum negative pressure peak of the micropressure wave is periodically delayed. The delay period can be defined as T = loc/v (loc: single train carriage length, v: train speed).

Exploring the influence of ventilation settings and fan strength on passenger car in-cabin particle number concentration

Exploring the influence of ventilation settings and fan strength on passenger car in-cabin particle number concentration

UHF RFID Tag Design Using Theory of Characteristics Modes for Platform-Tolerant and Harsh Metallic Environments

This paper presents a wideband, long-range RFID tag antenna design with platform tolerant features using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). The proposed design consists of a two-layer structure, that are separated by an air gap. The upper layer consists of T-match and dual loop-based meandered antenna optimized for achieving long read range characteristics in free space/low permittivity dielectrics. The second layer consists of multi-resonant strips printed on a grounded substrate carefully designed using CMA for producing multi-resonant modes in the required UHF RFID band. The multi-resonant strips help in achieving wide bandwidth and isolation between different environment surfaces. This tag antenna provides a wide bandwidth ranging from 900 – 940 MHz that covers both the US UHF RFID band (902 – 928 MHz) and the upper European UHF RFID band (915 – 921 MHz). Moreover, this design achieved a read range of 14.7 m in free space, 14 m on a metal plate, and 13 m on wood, and glass. Furthermore, the proposed antenna was also tested in harsh metal environments such as car number plates and cargo metallic containers. Therefore, the proposed tag can be used for tagging metallic containers, wood containers, and other harsh platforms for cargo management, Asset tracking, supply chain visibility, and Internet of Things (IoT) Applications.

Study on Calculation of Minimum Separation Distance for Insulation Classification Devices according to Railway Line Condition

In electric railway lines, a dead section is a section in which the power supply is temporarily cut off because of a difference in power-feeding method between two stations. However, owing to the lack of theoretical studies on dead sections and the installation spacing of signals, design changes often occur, such as movements of the signal and various indicators after completion of railway line construction. In this study, the minimum dead section distance between the signal and the coasting indicator according to the tractive car number and track conditions (gradient, slope) was obtained using EL-8500, and the result was verified using TPS based on the tractive force, acceleration, and resistance values of the locomotive. It is expected that a standard can be established with further research through more analysis based on various track conditions and locomotives.

Design and implement a smart traffic light controlled by internet of things

The rise of the population produces an increase in the number of vehicles on the road, which creates heavy traffic in the roads and that causes many issues for the citizens and traffic cops an extra two emergency instances so it’s necessary with developing technology to solve this problem. in this research, we used the Arduino UNO microcontroller board to build a new smart traffic light controller (STLC). Signal lights produce traffic congestion, and the system makes every attempt to alleviate it. In this paper, we designed a smart traffic control system by using Arduino to solve the problem of congestion at the intersection of the Dor al Moalemen in Wasit city , working to prevent traffic jam and reduce time, Using Arduino mega, ultrasonic sensor, and a camera esp32, the suggested technique analyses and manages everyday traffic at a three-line intersection. Furthermore, the suggested system achieves three-line intersection sync and implements a balance between the number of vehicles on each side and the green light. when Traffic violation the camera will capture the car number and send it to the database by using telegram.

Proposing WPOD-NET combining SVM system for detecting car number plate

<span lang="EN-US">Nowadays, there are many smart parking lots using plate detection system to control in/out vehicles. However, the disadvantages of systems are a fixed environment and necessity of manual labor and requirement of checkpoints in entrances. To solve the problems, a novel algorithm for wide-angle detecting car number plate using warped planar object detection (WPOD-NET) and a modified support vector machine (SVM) system is proposed. Comparing to other models, the proposal improves not only the range of detection angle but also the accuracy of detecting in shady conditions. The results show that the accuracy of proposal model is up to 95.1% with 1000 testing images in various scenarios.</span>