Car Identification Research Articles

Process Mapping: The Path Taken by Health Service Waste in a Hospital

Purpose: This research aimed to map the waste management process of the health services of the medical clinic of a university hospital in the south of the country. Theoretical framework: The theoretical basis involves the approach of process mapping, as well as the management and management of health services waste. Method: This is a qualitative research carried out in the medical clinic of a university hospital in the south of the country. Data collection took place through non-participant observation and the data obtained were compiled in a Microsoft® Word file (2021) and used to build the process map of health services waste from the medical clinic, developed through a flowchart. Results and conclusions: It was evident that the medical clinic of the investigated hospital has the recommended documentation, as well as human and material resources. However, inconsistencies were identified in the process, which emphasizes the need for educational actions, replacement of damaged equipment, identification of dumpsters, transport cars and shelters, adequacy of the temporary shelter environment, and restriction of the external shelter to access only for those involved in waste management. Research implications: It was possible to understand the management of clinical medical waste and identify inconsistencies that impact on the effectiveness of its management, highlighting the relevance of mapping processes, especially in the context of health waste. Originality/value: The research contributes by inciting interest in research and practical reflection on the way waste is organized and treated, especially in the context of health.

An Investigation on Definition, Identification and Categorization of Luxury Cars in India

An Investigation on Definition, Identification and Categorization of Luxury Cars in India

Abstract 1769: A combination approach of a cellular library and single cell microfluidics analysis for the rapid selection of CAR-T cells

Abstract Within the last decade CAR-T cells have changed the landscape of treatment regimen for leukemia and myeloma, which is reflected by the first FDA approval of this class of living drugs in 2017. As of today, the clinical trial situation aims on CAR-T applicability in solid tumors, which is more arduous due to antigen heterogeneity and limited CAR-T persistence. More personalized and multi-target oriented cellular products may offer a solution to overcome these problems but then CAR identification and selection display the major bottleneck in the drug development process. Usually, matching scFvs are selected from targeting screens of a phage-display library and hits are subsequently cloned in CAR backbones and tested for functionality and possible limiting factors as the occurrence of tonic signaling. This makes the whole process very time consuming and laborious. Within this project, we propose a novel CAR-T selection method that rapidly shortens the discovery procedure. We have developed a full length CAR library in nS/MARt DNA vectors that is electroporated in a Jurkat reporter cell line reflecting entirely its full diversity. By this, we can quickly identify the amount of tonic signaling CARs and exclude them from further selection. For on-target selection we first perform a bulk pre-selection followed by a single cell functionality screening using the Berkeley Lights Lightning™ device. This allows us to export hits as clonal viable cells that undergo long length Nanopore CAR-RNA sequencing. Our findings show the feasibility of our approach and that it can shorten the timeframe needed for the full selection process from weeks to days. Citation Format: Eren Boga, Luisa Berger, Alice De Roia, Inka Zörnig, Robert Embacher, Stefan B. Eichmüller, Dirk Jäger, Richard Harbottle, Patrick Schmidt. A combination approach of a cellular library and single cell microfluidics analysis for the rapid selection of CAR-T cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1769.

Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Parking System (ISPS) With Laser Security System (LSS)

      In order to solve one of the most important problems, especially in a large and crowded city like Baghdad, is finding an empty and secure car parking space.  In this work, an intelligent Smart Parking System (ISPS) has been investigated and developed by providing information about the empty lots and helping the driver to get to his parking spot with a rotary parking system to reduce the traffic in the parking area. The ISPS Park implements a car number plate recognition system as a security system for car identification. Moreover, for increased security, a fence with a Fiber-Optic vibration system has also been used to prevent any object from entering a parking space without a license. The ISPS was run with the pre-programmed controller to make minimum human involvement in the parking system to ensure access control in restricted places. Matlab with Arduino tools has been used for the car plate number recognition process and car entering control. The system shows that using RFID for entering and leaving is so fast and informative. A Fiber SenSys program has been used with the Alarm Processing Unit (APU) to prevent any unlicensed person from trying to cut, climb or crawl under a fence.

ANALYSIS OF ACTIONS OF THE STATE EMERGENCIES SERVICE OF UKRAINE WHILE EXTINGUISHING FIRES ON ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Electric and hybrid vehicles, which involve road accidents and fires, present unique risks associated with high voltage systems. These hazards are divided into three separate categories: chemical, electrical and thermal. The possible effects may vary, but are not limited to the size, configuration, and chemical composition of the battery. Operational and rescue units of Ukraine in case of road accidents are guided by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and methodological recommendations. These documents cover actions during fires and emergencies in electric vehicles are quite concise and need to be significantly expanded and provide the necessary recommendations to prevent injuries to personnel during rescue operations and firefighting in this type of vehicle. The article comparative analysis of normative documents, methods and actions of rescue units of Ukraine with recommendations and methods of other states, in case of fires on hybrid and electric vehicles, identification of shortcomings in order to further provide recommendations for improving existing management documents, taking into account experience and practice abroad. According to the results of the analysis, the guidelines of the Rescue Service of Ukraine do not contain a clear list of exercises that can coordinate the actions of rescuers and increase their personal safety with the following sequence of actions: car identification, immobilization, disconnection of power sources, rescue. Actions on extinguishing cars are very briefly reviewed, it is not clear for what reasons the use of air-mechanical foam is prohibited. Methods of extinguishing ordinary cars with internal combustion engines on gasoline and diesel, and recommendations for the use of fire extinguishers during firefighting on these vehicles in the regulations are not available at all. electric and hybrid vehicles need significant revision and improvement, taking into account the experience of other countries in the field of rescue and firefighting.

ANALYSIS OF ACTIONS OF THE STATE EMERGENCIES SERVICE OF UKRAINE WHILE EXTINGUISHING FIRES ON ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Electric and hybrid vehicles, which involve road accidents and fires, present unique risks associated with high voltage systems. These hazards are divided into three separate categories: chemical, electrical and thermal. The possible effects may vary, but are not limited to the size, configuration, and chemical composition of the battery. Operational and rescue units of Ukraine in case of road accidents are guided by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and methodological recommendations. These documents cover actions during fires and emergencies in electric vehicles are quite concise and need to be significantly expanded and provide the necessary recommendations to prevent injuries to personnel during rescue operations and firefighting in this type of vehicle. The article comparative analysis of normative documents, methods and actions of rescue units of Ukraine with recommendations and methods of other states, in case of fires on hybrid and electric vehicles, identification of shortcomings in order to further provide recommendations for improving existing management documents, taking into account experience and practice abroad. According to the results of the analysis, the guidelines of the Rescue Service of Ukraine do not contain a clear list of exercises that can coordinate the actions of rescuers and increase their personal safety with the following sequence of actions: car identification, immobilization, disconnection of power sources, rescue. Actions on extinguishing cars are very briefly reviewed, it is not clear for what reasons the use of air-mechanical foam is prohibited. Methods of extinguishing ordinary cars with internal combustion engines on gasoline and diesel, and recommendations for the use of fire extinguishers during firefighting on these vehicles in the regulations are not available at all. electric and hybrid vehicles need significant revision and improvement, taking into account the experience of other countries in the field of rescue and firefighting.

ANALYSIS OF ACTIONS OF THE STATE EMERGENCIES SERVICE OF UKRAINE WHILE EXTINGUISHING FIRES ON ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Electric and hybrid vehicles, which involve road accidents and fires, present unique risks associated with high voltage systems. These hazards are divided into three separate categories: chemical, electrical and thermal. The possible effects may vary, but are not limited to the size, configuration, and chemical composition of the battery. Operational and rescue units of Ukraine in case of road accidents are guided by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and methodological recommendations. These documents cover actions during fires and emergencies in electric vehicles are quite concise and need to be significantly expanded and provide the necessary recommendations to prevent injuries to personnel during rescue operations and firefighting in this type of vehicle. The article comparative analysis of normative documents, methods and actions of rescue units of Ukraine with recommendations and methods of other states, in case of fires on hybrid and electric vehicles, identification of shortcomings in order to further provide recommendations for improving existing management documents, taking into account experience and practice abroad. According to the results of the analysis, the guidelines of the Rescue Service of Ukraine do not contain a clear list of exercises that can coordinate the actions of rescuers and increase their personal safety with the following sequence of actions: car identification, immobilization, disconnection of power sources, rescue. Actions on extinguishing cars are very briefly reviewed, it is not clear for what reasons the use of air-mechanical foam is prohibited. Methods of extinguishing ordinary cars with internal combustion engines on gasoline and diesel, and recommendations for the use of fire extinguishers during firefighting on these vehicles in the regulations are not available at all. electric and hybrid vehicles need significant revision and improvement, taking into account the experience of other countries in the field of rescue and firefighting.

Performance comparison of various techniques for automatic licence plate recognition systems

Automatic licence plate recognition (ALPR) system is direly needed nowadays for various applications like toll collection system, parking system, identification of stolen cars, incident management, electronic payment service, electronic customs clearance of commercial vehicle, automatic security roadside inspection, security monitoring in a car, emergency notification, and personal security, etc. An automatic licence plate recognition system performs three important processing steps on the input image, i.e., extraction, segmentation, and recognition. A number of algorithms are developed for these steps in the last few years. The result of which is significant improvement in the licence plate recognition. The aim of this study is a survey of the existing techniques for licence plate recognition. In this paper, a number of existing techniques for automatic licence plate recognition are presented and their benefits and limitations are discussed. Further, the paper also foresees the future scope in the area of automatic licence plate recognition system.

Electric and fuel car identification based on UAV thermal infrared images using deep convolutional neural networks

ABSTRACT Electric cars, as an alternative to fuel cars, are growing rapidly in number and help reduce carbon dioxide emissions and build green cities. However, due to the appearance similarities between electric and fuel cars, it is still a challenge to count the proportion of electric cars on the road. Considering that thermal infrared (TIR) imaging technology can obtain the temperature characteristics of cars as well as work at night, this paper proposes a new solution to identify electric and fuel cars in Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based TIR images. First, a semiautomated labelling method is implemented for training data set generation, which is based on a traditional object tracking algorithm to improve labelling efficiency. Then, two classic deep convolutional neural networks, YOLOv5 and SSD, are used to verify the reliability of the dataset. Experiments prove that the proposed solution can effectively identify electric and fuel cars on the road, with mean of average precision (mAP) up to 0.99. This study is the first attempt to apply UAV-based TIR imaging to electric and fuel car identification and propose the first open data set for relevant research.

Polynomial approximation of dynamic signals of single platform railway scales

Purpose. Obtaining an approximating function (or a system of approximating equations), which, with a minimum error, will make approximations to the available data on a train of railway objects through 1 platform scales. Methodology. To solve this problem, numerical methods are used, namely, the approximation by polynomial functions of the nth order. The experimental data on the basis of which the experiments were carried out were obtained from the weighing and identification system of wagon in motion on a single platform scale. The approximation process is automated using a program written in the Python programming language in which the polyPit and polyid functions of the numPy library are used to obtain the polynomial coefficients. Findings. Due to the use of polynomial approximation in data processing from tensometric railroad weighing systems, it was possible to obtain a system of linear equations that, with minimal error, restored the experimental data that were obtained from the existing system of the Severny GOK: Metinvest enterprise. When normalizing the readings of the sensors from conventional units, obtained from the summing box to the range of values [0; 1] it became possible, in percentage terms, to describe a railway object. This makes it possible to avoid the dependence of the final results on the travel speed of the carriage or locomotive, which leads to an increase in the accuracy of the identification of cars in the rolling stock due to the use of the percentage of the axles staying on the weighing platform (approach / exit). It became possible to determine the type of carriage with the same number of axles, but different characteristics of the center space and the base of the rolling stock. Originality. The novelty is to obtain a general method of approximation of experimental data of the passage of wagons through a single-platform scales, which can be used to train intelligent systems and generate close to real data of the passage of a car (due to the imposition of noise, etc.). Practical value. Improving the accuracy and speed of the carriage identification as a whole, which reduces the plant downtime, contributes to an increase in the number of weighed and identified moving objects, as well as the ability to identify the type of carriage with the same number of axles in the train. The methods presented in the work can be used both for identification and for tasks, the end result of which is the classification of input data (neural networks, etc.).

High-Throughput Image Cytometry Detection Method for CAR-T Transduction, Cell Proliferation, and Cytotoxicity Assays.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has drawn much attention due to its recent clinical success in B-cell malignancies. In general, the CAR-T cell discovery process consists of CAR identification, T-cell activation, transduction, and expansion, as well as assessment of CAR-T cytotoxicity. The current evaluation methods for the CAR-T discovery process can be time-consuming, low-throughput and requires the preparation of multiple sacrificial samples in order to produce kinetic data. In this study, we employed the use of a plate-based image cytometer to monitor anti-CAIX (carbonic anhydrase IX) G36 CAR-T generation and assess its cytotoxic potency of direct and selective killing against CAIX+ SKRC-59 human renal cell carcinoma cells. The transduction efficiency and cytotoxicity results were analyzed using image cytometry and compared directly to flow cytometry and Chromium 51 (51 Cr) release assays, showing that image cytometry was comparable against these conventional methods. Image cytometry method streamlines the assays required during the CAR-T cell discovery process by analyzing a plate of T cells from CAR-T generation to in vitro functional assays with minimum disruption. The proposed method can reduce assay time and uses less cell samples by imaging and analyze the same plate over time without the need to sacrifice any cells. The ability to monitor kinetic data can allow additional insights into the behavior and interaction between CAR-T and target tumor cells. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

Abstract LB-381: Mitigating on-target off-tumor cytotoxicity of EpCAM CAR-T by affinity tuning

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown robust anti-cancer responses in hematologic malignancies. However, application of this therapeutic approach to solid tumors has been hindered by multiple challenges, one of which is on-target/off-tumor cytotoxicity to normal tissues. Tumor-specific antigens exclusively present on tumor cells are rare. Most CAR-T cells are designed to target tumor associated antigens (TAAs) expressed in high levels on tumor cells. Yet, normal tissues express these antigens as well, albeit at much lower densities.To mitigate the on-target/off-tumor cytotoxicity, we developed a strategy for fine tuning the affinity of CARs to selectively target tumor cells. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is highly expressed in epithelial cells and overexpressed in tumor cells in a variety of epithelial carcinomas. High-affinity (nM range) EpCAM-targeting CAR-T cells kill both normal human epithelial cells and EpCAM-high tumor cells in vitro. To develop CAR-T cells specific to EpCAM-high cancers, we identified low-affinity scFv variants by rational design of amino acid substitutions. The affinities of these scFvs were measured by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). CAR-T cells equipped with low-affinity scFvs showed antigen-dependent activation, proliferation and Th1-like cytokine secretion when co-cultured with target cells having varied levels of EpCAM. Importantly, low-affinity CAR-T cells still lysed EpCAM-high tumor cells but spared normal human epithelial cells in vitro. Treatment of MKN28 xenograft mice with low-affinity CAR-T cells resulted in tumor regression and prolonged survival. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling of CAR-T cells revealed significant differences in gene expression levels between high- and low- affinity CARs, particularly as they relate to the functional state of these CAR-T cells, and their resistance to exhaustion. Our results show that rational design of scFv can aid in the identification of CARs that are minimally reactive toward normal tissues while effectively eliminating tumors. Furthermore, affinity-tuned CARs demonstrate better overall fitness and antitumor activity in vivo. This affinity fine-tuning approach shows promise as a general strategy for identifying a therapeutic window for CAR-T cells targeting novel TAAs that may have been overlooked because of basal expression levels in normal tissues. Citation Format: Huan Yang, Janusz Puc, Yanping Yang, Jaclyn E. McCloskey, Yogindra Vedvyas, Hongtao Li, Irene M. Min, Moonsoo M. Jin, Eric v. Hofe. Mitigating on-target off-tumor cytotoxicity of EpCAM CAR-T by affinity tuning [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-381.

Abstract 3238: Engineering chimeric antigen receptors for adoptive T cell therapy of cancers that express the Tn antigen

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have shown remarkable promise in treating hematological malignancies, especially those expressing CD19 antigen. On the other hand, identification and efficacy of CARs against antigens in solid cancers has remained a significant challenge. Defects in glycosylation in solid cancers are common, and can result in formation of cell surface-expressed neoantigens that are aberrantly glycosylated. Here, we focused on antigens that result from defects in O-linked glycosylation, leading to formation of unique antigens that possess an N-acetyl-galactosamine linked to a serine or threonine residue on a surface-expressed protein (also called Tn antigen), instead of extended glycosylation patterns. 237 is a mouse monoclonal antibody that was generated by a mouse immunized with cells of a spontaneous murine cancer, and that binds to a Tn-antigen linked to the mouse protein, OTS8. Previously, we showed that a CAR generated from the 237 single chain variable fragment (scFv) recognized, with low affinity, the human cell line Jurkat. More recently, we demonstrated that the 237 CAR could eradicate established Jurkat leukemia in a mouse model. Here, we used structure-guided directed evolution to engineer the binding site of 237 to bind to multiple Tn linked antigens, including MUC1, with higher affinity. CARs containing these engineered scFv variants recognized a panel of glycosylation-defective mouse and human cancer cell lines more effectively than the wild-type 237 CAR, with no activity toward cell lines lacking these defects. Cancer cell lines lacking MUC1 were also effectively recognized by the engineered variants, indicating their broadened specificity toward multiple Tn-linked antigens. Consistent with this finding, the CAR variants also demonstrated greater sensitivity toward several Tn-linked human peptides. To extend these studies, we are currently developing additional mouse models to study the efficacy of the engineered 237 CARs in the control of solid tumors. In summary, we developed efficient chimeric antigen receptors that recognize multiple, cancer-associated Tn linked antigens, based on a single antibody scaffold. We believe that their specific recognition of Tn antigen, together with broadened peptide-backbone reactivity, holds promise for cancer-specific recognition yet minimal antigen escape against tumors with defects in O-linked glycosylation, because cancer-specific Tn-linked epitopes on several independent proteins can be simultaneously targeted. Citation Format: Preeti Sharma, Venkata VVR Marada, Monika Kizerwetter, Claire P. Schane, Yanran He, Steven P. Wolf, Karin Schreiber, Edward J. Roy, Henrik Clausen, Hans Schreiber, David M. Kranz. Engineering chimeric antigen receptors for adoptive T cell therapy of cancers that express the Tn antigen [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3238.

Abstract 6288: A high-throughput in vitro characterization method of CAR T cells using image cytometry

Abstract Since the FDA approval of two CAR T cell therapies, Kymriah (Tisagenlecleucel, Novartis) and Yescarta (Axicabtagene ciloleucel, Kite) for CD19+ malignancies, there has been a significant interest for developing new CARs targeting other disease indications. As such, the ability to simultaneously monitor manufacturing criteria and functional characteristics of multiple CAR T cell products would likely be critical to accelerate candidate therapies into clinical trials. Here, we demonstrate that image-based cytometry using the Celigo Image Cytometer (Nexcelom Bioscience LLC) yields high-throughput measurements of CAR T cell proliferation and size throughout the cell-manufacturing process, and captures the kinetics of antigen-specific CAR T cell-mediated killing in vitro. The data acquired and analyzed by the Celigo Image Cytometer were congruent with results from conventional instruments when tested contemporaneously, such as the Multisizer 3 (Beckman Coulter) which monitored the properties of CAR T cell expansion, and a luciferase-based assay which measured the cytotoxic potential of CAR T cells. More importantly, the use of bright field and fluorescent imaging by the Celigo Image Cytometer provided kinetic measurements and rapid data acquisition and analysis which were direct advantages over the conventional technologies described herein. Together, the Celigo Image Cytometer enabled fast, reproducible, and high-throughput assessment of CAR T cell manufacturing criteria and effector function, which could greatly facilitate the identification and evaluation of novel CARs with therapeutic potential. Citation Format: Leo Li-Ying Chan, Colby Maldini, Andrea Love, Kevin Tosh, Kevin Gayout, Tim Smith, James Riley. A high-throughput in vitro characterization method of CAR T cells using image cytometry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6288.

Analysis of a Product Cleaner for Car Windows and Identification of its Surfactants by Infrared Absorption Spectra and Calculation of Band Gap Energy by its Reflectance Graph

Analysis of a Product Cleaner for Car Windows and Identification of its Surfactants by Infrared Absorption Spectra and Calculation of Band Gap Energy by its Reflectance Graph

Random Mutagenesis‐Driven Improvement of Carboxylate Reductase Activity using an Amino Benzamidoxime‐Mediated High‐Throughput Assay

AbstractCarboxylic acid reductases (CARs) catalyze the direct adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) dependent reduction of carboxylic acids to their corresponding aldehydes. The identification and improvement of CARs by protein engineering is, however, severely limited by the lack of fast and generic methods to quantify aldehydes. Within this study, we applied a convenient high‐throughput assay (HTA) based on amino benzamidoxime (ABAO) that allows the substrate‐independent and chemoselective quantification of aldehydes. Random mutagenesis of the well‐known CAR from Nocardia iowensis (CARNi) to improve its activity for sterically demanding 2‐substituted benzoic acid derivatives was conducted in a KM‐dependent fashion, and the HTA applied in the presence of microbial cells. The study identified a hot spot in the active site of CARNi that increased the affinity to 2‐methoxybenzoic acid 9‐fold upon mutation from glutamine to proline (Q283P). The catalytic performance of CARNiQ283P appeared to be significantly improved also for other substrates such as 2‐substituted (2‐Cl, 2‐Br) as well as 3‐ and 4‐substituted benzoic acids (3‐OMe, 4‐OMe), and even aliphatic octanoic acid.magnified image

Car dependent practices: Findings from a sequence pattern mining study of UK time use data

This paper identifies three main understandings of the notion of ‘car dependence’ in transport research: a micro-social understanding (dependence as an attribute of individuals), a macro approach (attribute of societies or local areas as whole), and a meso-level understanding, where it refers to trips – or rather to the activities that people travel to undertake. While the first two approaches have been dominant, this paper further develops the third, addressing questions as to whether and why certain activities are inherently more difficult to switch away from the car. At the theoretical level, it builds on theories of social practice to put forward the notion of ‘car dependent practices’. At the empirical level, it demonstrates that the application of sequence pattern mining techniques to time use data allows the identification of car and mobility intensive activities, arguably representing the trace of car dependent practices. Overall, the findings of this mining exercise suggest that the emphasis of existing literature on escorting children, shopping and carrying heavy goods as car dependent trip purposes is not misplaced. Our analysis adds to this knowledge by contextualising the information by providing detailed quantitative analysis of a larger, richer set of activities hitherto overlooked in transport policy. The article concludes by illustrating the policy implications of the approach adopted and the findings generated, discussing possible strategies to steer practices in a more sustainable direction by creating material alternatives to the ‘cargo function’ of car travel.

Auto Opening Door and Car Identification

Design an Automatic Door System using a unique wireless ID by using infrared ray or Bluetooth technology. That consists of a sensing unit, control unit and drive unit to open and close doors at the entrance of a car that has the unique ID. This process is controlled by using Arduino Leonard programmed with IDE free open source software, that receives the signal code from the car which sends the ID through IR LED or Bluetooth by using a mobile application, decode it. And switch ON the driver that controls the DC motor. This system was designed considering some factors such as low cost and low power requirements, availability of components and low distance so there is no interference. The hardware design and software development are described, and all of the tests indicate that all component goes according to the initial design of this research.

THE USE OF THE EXPERIMENT PLANNING METHOD TO EVALUATE THE ACCURACY OF FLEXIBLE UNITS IDENTIFICATION

Purpose. The identification of rolling stock on the railroads is an integral part of many automation systems as trains in general and cars separately. Various information management systems at sorting yards require the operational information about the object while performing the manufacturing operations. The improvement of the determination accuracy of different parameters characterizing the rolling stock, leads to the immediate quality progress in the traffic volumes management. The aim of the paper is to develop a method to estimate the errors of determination the interaxle distance of the flexible units in the control section using the point path-control transducer for future identification of cars and locomotives. Methodology. To achieve this goal the simulation method and experiment planning were used. The simulation model allowing determining the time intervals between the collisions of wheelset of movable units in point path-control transducer on the control section with variable characteristics of identification devices was developed. The values of the time intervals obtained with using the simulation mode were applied in the method of experiment planning to the final target. Findings. The calculated analytical values of the errors of the interaxle distances do not have the significant differences from values obtained using the simulation model. It makes possible to use the received functional dependence to estimate the possible errors in the identification of rolling stock. The results of this work can be used to identify separate flexible units, and trains in general. Originality. The functional dependence of the error of the interaxle distance error from the fixing point of the wheel path-control transducer, the distance between the sensors and the measured distance was derived using a previously conducted research of the factors influencing the error in determining the interaxle distance of the movable units, and developed simulation model to calculate the interaxle distance. Practical value. This functional dependence allows solving the following tasks: to calculate the maximum possible error of determining the interaxle distance of the movable units at known parameters of control section and calculation of parameters of the control section, when the possible acceptable error of determining the interaxle distance of the flexible units is known.

Selectivity in acquired prosopagnosia: The segregation of divergent and convergent operations

Face recognition can be viewed as part of a divergent set of operations in object recognition, in which information from common low-level visual mechanisms feeds forward into increasingly specialized processes for different object types. This divergence may also involve hemispheric specialization, notably for faces in the right and words in the left hemisphere. However, in person recognition, face processing is one of a set of sensory inputs that converge upon access to stored information about people. We review the literature and evidence from a cohort of acquired prosopagnosic subjects, on three issues concerning selectivity. First, we review the data on object recognition in prosopagnosia, and recent evidence that, after adjusting for pre-morbid car expertise, impairments of car identification are common in our cohort, particularly among car experts. Second, we review the data on word processing in prosopagnosia. In our cohort we show that the word-length effect in single word reading is normal after right-sided lesions, but the discrimination of font and handwriting is impaired in most of our subjects, regardless of lesion location. Third, we discuss the status of voice recognition in prosopagnosia, and show that in our cohort, right anterior temporal lesions do not impair this function, but bilateral ones do. Together, these findings suggest that the processes for faces, cars and visual text involve either the same neural resources or parallel processes in close proximity. Voice and face processing remain distinct in our subjects, and confirm that right anterior temporal lesions cause an associative prosopagnosia rather than a multi-modal person recognition syndrome.