Car Chase Research Articles

Design and Stress Analysis of the Prototype Bapro-1 Car Chase

BAPRO-1 is a type of prototype vehicle made by the SMES (Sriwijaya Mechanical Engineering Squad) team. This car was made to be contested in the KMHE (Energy Saving Car Contest) event which has the aim of creating more effective motorized vehicles, both in terms of vehicle design, quality of components and so on which can improve fuel efficiency in these vehicles. This article shows the stress analysis of the BAPRO-1 vehicle chassis using the Autodesk Inventor application. The chassis tested uses aluminum 6061 and stainless-steel. The test is carried out with the assumption of a static load, namely when the car is stationary. The purpose of writing this article is to determine the value of safety, deflection, and the Von Misses number. This study uses the Autodesk Inventor software to create 3D images.

Martyred Women and White Power since the Civil Rights Era: From Kathy Ainsworth to Vicki Weaver

At approximately 12:45 a.m. on June 30, 1968, two Ku Klux Klan (Kkk) assailants, Kathy Ainsworth and Thomas Tarrants III, pulled into a quiet neighborhood in Meridian, Mississippi. Wielding a time bomb set to detonate at 2:00 a.m., they aimed to kill Meyer Davidson, a prominent Jewish Mississippian and outspoken critic of the Kkk. After planting the charge, the bombers would retreat to Miami, Florida, and wait for the assassination fallout to blow over. Ainsworth and Tarrants were unaware, however, that law enforcement awaited them in Meridian. Local police, Federal Bureau of Investigation (Fbi) agents, and a naval bomb squad watched them stop at Davidson's driveway. When Tarrants emerged from the car with a bomb, police shouted and opened fire. A car chase and gunfight ensued, wounding one policeman and bystander, incapacitating Tarrants, and killing twenty-six-year-old Kathy Ainsworth—a pregnant schoolteacher and the only known Klanswoman ever killed by law enforcement.1

The showability of policing: How police officers’ use of videos in organizational contexts reproduces police culture

While much scholarly literature on police ‘canteen’ culture focuses on police storytelling, there is little research on the effects of camera phone technologies on police behaviours, particularly in organizational settings. This article introduces the concept of showability to examine how police officers use videos in their everyday police life, and how this relates to police culture. Based on an ethnographic study of the Dutch police, it illustrates that officers show, share, and discuss videos of various policing acts such as arrests, car chases, and use-of-force events, and do this in various locations such as office spaces, squad cars, and on the streets. First and foremost, officers show videos to entertain and to educate themselves and their fellow officers. Second, showing videos is a new occupational practice that, like in telling stories, reinforces and refutes aspects of police culture, for instance, a masculine ethos. The article contributes to criminological scholarship on the era of ‘new visibility’ by demonstrating that showability is a form of inward visibility wherein officers generate a visual world that fits their professional vision. It also contributes to a sociological understanding of the ‘everydayness’ of police culture. I claim that showability is a key feature of policing practices, which is relevant in light of increasing pressures on the police to account for their work.

How do drones facilitate human life?

Drone technology can provide a more cost-effective solution for many problems in different industries. This paper focuses on discussing how drones facilitate human life in various fields. They include infrastructure inspection, agriculture, medium and high-valued good delivery, geographical monitoring, rescue, and law enforcement. These areas were chosen because they can have the greatest impact if drones are used. Aerial unmanned vehicles can be used to map both horizontal surfaces and vertical structures. This can allow for a reduction in maintenance costs for buildings, cranes, wind turbines, speedways, and other infrastructures. It was found that the inspection cost for wind turbines could be reduced from 0.7% to 0.21% using drones. In terms of agriculture benefits, drones can use 800% less pesticide to provide the same protection benefits against plagues when compared to more conventional electric air-pressure knapsack sprayer (EAP) systems. Furthermore, it was determined that drones could save countless police officers' and civilians' lives by providing critical information in highly dangerous situations such as robberies, hostage cases, and car chases. The main obstacle that refrained from the widespread use of copter drones in these industries has been their limited flight time. Flight times of over two hours must be constantly achieved for the system to become cost-effective when compared to the traditional methods that are already in place.

Virtual Reality Triage Training Can Provide Comparable Simulation Efficacy for Paramedicine Students Compared to Live Simulation-Based Scenarios

Background: Mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) are catastrophic. Whether they arise from natural or man-made disasters, the nature of such incidents and the multiple casualties involved can rapidly overwhelm response personnel. Mass-casualty triage training is traditionally taught via either didactic lectures or table top exercises. This training fails to provide an opportunity for practical application or experiential learning in immersive conditions. Further, large-scale simulations are heavily resource-intensive, logistically challenging, require the coordination and time of multiple personnel, and are costly to replicate. This study compared the simulation efficacy of a bespoke virtual-reality (VR) MCI simulation with an equivalent live simulation scenario designed for undergraduate paramedicine students. Methods: Both simulations involved ten injured patients resulting from a police car chase and shooting. Twenty-nine second-year paramedicine students completed the live and VR simulation in a random order. The training efficacy of the VR and live simulation was evaluated with respect to student immersion and task-difficulty, clinical decision-making (i.e. triage card allocation accuracy and timeliness), learning satisfaction, and cost of delivery. Results: While perceived physical demand was higher in the live simulation compared to VR (p < 0.001), no differences were observed across mental demand, temporal demand, performance, effort or frustration domains. No differences were found for participant satisfaction across the two platforms. No differences were observed in the number of triage cards correctly allocated to patients in each platform. However, participants were able to allocate cards far quicker in VR (p < .001). Cost of running the VR came to AUD $712.04 (staff time), compared to the live simulations which came to AUD $9,413.71 (staff time, moulage, actors, director, prop vehicle), approximately 13 times more expensive. Conclusion: The VR simulation provided near identical simulation efficacy for paramedicine students compared to the live simulation. VR MCI training resources represent an exciting new direction for authentic and cost-effective education and training for medical professionals.

Cog by Greg van Eekhout

Reviewed by: Cog by Greg van Eekhout Kiri Palm van Eekhout, Greg Cog; illus. by Beatrice Blue. Harper, 2019 [208p] Trade ed. ISBN 978-0-06-268607-7 $16.99 E-book ed. ISBN 978-0-06-268604-6 $8.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 4-7 Cog is a highly advanced robot designed to study cognitive development, but he looks exactly like a twelve-year-old boy. When he wanders off and is accidentally injured, Cog is taken away from his loving creator, Gina, and moved into the main facility of the company Gina works for, uniMIND. It's not long before Cog discovers that uniMIND has its own agenda, and Cog's brain is at the center of their evil plans. Cog's narration is packed with comedic misunderstandings as he learns to navigate a world where his literal interpretations don't always match the human meanings around him. Readers will appreciate the friends he makes on his journey, including a talking car, a single-minded cleaning robot who delights in eating trash, and even a robot dog who, naturally, proves to be the most loyal of creatures. There's also no shortage of car chases and adventure as Cog tries to reunite with his ill-treated robo-sister and find Gina before uniMIND can steal Cog's brain and seize control of the world's robots. This successfully blends traditional robot story staples, such as technobabble, evil scientists, and questions about the nature of humanity, with the oft-written road trip narrative into a page-turning novel of friendship, family, and standing up for what's right. Copyright © 2019 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

American Made by Doug Liman (review)

Reviewed by: American Made by Doug Liman Michael Ray FitzGerald American Made (2017) Directed by Doug Liman Produced by Ron Howard, Brian Grazer, Doug Davison. Cross Creek Pictures/Imagine Entertainment/Universal Pictures. Theamericanmademovie.com. 115 min. Some people can never get past the image of Tom Cruise dancing around in his skivvies in 1983’s Risky Business. Granted, that was 34 years ago; he was only 21 then (he’s 55 now). In my view, Cruise was at his best in comedic or semi-comedic roles. Cruise makes a sort of return to form in American Made, directed by Doug Liman, a story based on the real-life exploits of CIA contract pilot Barry Seal, and does a remarkably competent job of it. He captures Seal’s blend of frat-boy insouciance, confusion, and fuck-it-all willingness to fly by the seat of his pants— literally. As Seal, he doesn’t seem to know what is going on most of the time but is willing to throw caution to the wind and see what happens. The results are usually—but not always—stupendous: sometimes comedic, occasionally tragic, but rarely a dull moment. Despite Cruise’s comedic style, American Made should by no means be categorized as a comedy, although it does pack plenty of laughs. Sarah Wright is perfect as Seal’s bleach-blond, former-cheerleader-turned-KFC-order-clerk wife. One of the most hilarious scenes in the film is where Seal asks her if she trusts him: “Fuck no!” comes her disarming retort. She of course has every reason in the world not to. Impressively, both actors get their respective southern accents right without laying it on too thick. That’s more of an [End Page 16] accomplishment for Cruise than for Wright, who hails from Kentucky. Another compelling aspect of the movie is its historical accuracy. It captures Seal’s story—based Shaun Attwood’s book of the same title—fairly accurately, pulling no punches: Even that icon of US conservatism, Ronald Reagan, gets skewered. However, George H.W. Bush, a prime suspect in Attwood’s book, gets a free pass, probably because he is still around and still carries a lot of clout. None the less, American Made could hardly be accused of dishing pro-American propaganda like so much of Hollywood’s output featuring the likes of George Clooney or Ben Affleck. Thankfully conspicuous in their absence are the seemingly obligatory car chases and explosions that are de rigeur; on the other hand, there are certainly enough riveting airplane antics and near-crashes alongside plentiful gales of gunfire to satisfy most action fans. Michael Ray FitzGerald Jacksonville University and College of Coastal Georgia Copyright © 2018 Center for the Study of Film and History

Automated Journalism 2.0: Event-driven narratives

This article introduces an exploratory computational approach to extending the realm of automated journalism from simple descriptions to richer and more complex event-­driven narratives, based on original applied research in structured journalism. The practice of automated journalism is reviewed and a major constraint on the potential to automate journalistic writing is identified, namely the absence of data models sufficient to encode the journalistic knowledge necessary for automatically writing event-driven narratives. A detailed proposal addressing this constraint is presented, based on the representation of journalistic knowledge as structured event and structured narrative data. We describe a prototyped database of structured events and narratives, and introduce two methods of using event and narrative data from the prototyped database to provide journalistic knowledge to a commercial automated writing platform. Detailed examples of the use of each method are provided, including a successful application of the approach to stories about car chases, from initial data reporting through to automatically generated text. A framework for evaluating automatically generated event-driven narratives is proposed, several technical and editorial challenges to applying the approach in practice are discussed, and several high-level conclusions about the importance of data structures in automated journalism workflows are provided.

Snap Judgment: Judicial Review of Audiovisual Evidence at Summary Judgment

Conflicting results in two recent police excessive force decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court — Tolan v. Cotton and Plumhoff v. Rickard — have sown confusion among judges, lawyers, and commentators about the standards for summary judgment. This Note shows how the two decisions are consistent with each other and with longstanding summary judgment precedents. The key insight is that since the Second Circuit’s iconic 1946 decision in Arnstein v. Porter, appellate judges, including Supreme Court justices, have listened to audio recordings, scrutinized artwork, and — as in the case of Plumhoff — watched video footage in order to decide for themselves whether there is a genuine issue of material fact for trial. These “objective” components of the record are considered vitally important to the decisions. When no objective evidence is available, appellate judges are left with cases of “he said/she said” testimonial evidence in which demeanor evidence looms larger, and are therefore more likely to allow the cases to proceed to trial. The presumed propriety of appellate judicial review of audiovisual evidence not only explains the different results in Tolan (no audiovisual evidence of police shooting and a reversal of the lower court’s finding for the defendant officer) and Plumhoff (video evidence of a police car chase resulting in the Court finding for the officer), but will also have greater significance in current police excessive force cases given the omnipresence of smartphones and police recordings. At the same time, it is worth questioning whether appellate judges should continue to exercise no-limit, de novo review of present-day audiovisual evidence, which may require as much understanding of context as traditional demeanor evidence.

Energetic, environmental and economic performance of electric vehicles: Experimental evaluation

Fuelled by a rapidly rising human global population, an increasing demand for freedom to travel and the affordability made possible by modern manufacturing there has been an exponential rise in the number of automobiles – in the year 2013 there were in excess of a billion automobiles in use! Three factors that are of serious concern are the consequential energetic, environmental and economic impacts. One solution that is being seen by a number of national governments is the advent (or rather re-introduction) of electric vehicles (EVs). However, one of the key factors that will need to be explored will be the source of the required electricity for the EVs that will define the level of their sustainability.In this article an experimental evaluation of an electric vehicle has been undertaken. The Renault Zoe e-car has been used for this task with the ‘car chasing’ technique employed to measure the driving cycle. The speed and energy use were recorded for the vehicle that was driven along the principal arteries of the City of Edinburgh, Scotland. In a separate activity vehicle driving tests were also undertaken in one town in Slovenia (Celje). In both places urban and suburban routes were covered for different times of the day. Results are presented to quantify the energetic, environmental and economic performance indices for the driven vehicle. A discussion is also provided on the potential for reduction of carbon emissions from the transport sector by provision of environmentally-friendly means of generating electricity.

Classic Project: 007 Lotus Esprit 'Submarine car'

AFICIONADOS of the James Bond movie franchise will recognise the vehicle in the blueprint as the modified Lotus Esprit S1 from 'The Spy Who Loved Me'. The car takes centre stage in an exhilarating car chase, during which it converts into a submarine to make its escape underwater. The 007 Lotus Esprit is routinely voted the best movie car of all time and, as with so many of Bond's gadgets, it comes armed to the teeth with all kinds of explosives, weaponry and other fiendish devices to assist with the defence of Queen and country. Known as 'Wet Nellie', the wet-sub was named after the Wallis WA-116 Agile gyrocopter 'Little Nellie' in 'You Only Live Twice', that had in turn been named after the music hall star and actress Nellie Wallace.

VIVA [QUALCOSA]: SUPERFICIAL MATTERS

Placed back in sequence, the rather awkward pose shown here (Fig. 1) finds its sense and generic placement: a blond and flawlessly moustachioed cop is on his way up, via a crane-dangled cable, to storm a school where sadistic hoodlums have taken hostage not just schoolchildren but, worse for them, the lover of said cop. But, isolated as a still, this image is a contradiction, a digital frame pulled from a celluloid film never meant to be paused over. The film, Un poliziotto scomodo, was directed by Stelvio Massi, produced and distributed by PAC, and released in 1978, and it was designed to circulate without pause, passing from one terza visione (third-run) theatre to another until it became worthless, too scratched to see or too familiar to be screened again. To hold attention onto it as an image, rather than an undifferentiated element of a passage, is therefore at odds not with the absent wish or essence of this film in particular but with the general structure of viewing to which it belonged. Like the extracted image itself, the film as a whole is defined by its status as a multiple, just one entry in a sequence of repetition, because it belongs to the filone (low-budget cinematic cycle) of the poliziottesco, the cop movie. Generating roughly 100 films from 1973 to 1978, many poliziotteschi share the same set of directors, actors, composers, locations, plot twists, and even footage, and nearly all riff off the same narrative structure and themes established by the capostipiti (the archetype films) at the outset of the surge. The actor glimpsed in this still, Maurizio Merli, is playing the essentially same part — the protagonist cop who takes the law into his own hands — for no less than the ninth of his thirteen poliziottesco appearances. The title of this particular film provides a quick glimpse of the cycle’s total logic, insofar as scomodo qualifies the noun that remained central for the whole run: not the police in general, but a cop, un poliziotto who neither fits nor quits the job, a bristling commissario di ferro who will not settle down, take bribes or guff from anyone, or stop lashing out against a world of perennial violence and a legal system he deems incompetent and excessively lenient. The commissario is therefore a man who, in proper crypto-fascist style, goes beyond the laws again and again in order to defend Law as such, all while tossing off the odd one-liner, maintaining heart-throb status, and dispatching, rather than jailing, an assortment of sub-proletarians, corrupt officials, sadistic capelloni, and meridionali transplants populating the same periphery where the films’ plentiful car chases could be shot without harassment by real-life cops. The Italianist, 34. 2, 298–305, June 2014

Where were you when…?

Where were you when…?

The Boston Marathon Tragedy

How shocking and sad! Patriots Day—April 15, 2013—Boston blasted into the US history books as terrorists strike the Boston Marathon! An event that celebrates the physical training and conditioning of thousands of dedicated athletes, young and old, attacked by those intending to harm Americans and American life. Several dead, including an 8-year-old boy who just wanted to see his dad run the marathon, a foreign graduate student, and a young mom. Many more were maimed by flying shrapnel from pressure-cooker bombs. What a horrific scene: celebration turned into tragedy and carnage. Boston emergency rooms were turned into warzone trauma units as the injured were triaged and mangled limbs were amputated. Imagine going to Boston to run a marathon and coming home without your leg! A devastating and difficult experience to accept. How could this happen? A great celebration turned into a nightmare. I won’t soon forget that round-the-clock news coverage of the FBI, ATF, and police as they zeroed in on the perpetrators. Several intense sobering days were spent wondering who could have done this. The last scene played out from Friday to Saturday, when the murderous car chase began and shackled the entire Boston area in lockdown. The great pride of the people of Boston showed through as suspect number 2 was taken into custody after a hail of gunfire around a stored boat in a backyard. The sigh of relief was visible on the face of Boston that night, as many hoped and prayed that the tragedy was truly over. We’d like to believe it is over, but many questions remain unanswered. No doubt law enforcement interrogation units will gain insight into the how and why. Unfortunately, the answers to these possibilities may force many changes in the American sports scene as our vulnerability as a free society leaves us exposed. Thankfully, most sporting events at arenas and stadiums offer better options for screening the public because these venues are enclosed. Nobody likes the purse checks, the restriction on beverage containers, or the pat-downs. We can now expect more of this, and hopefully the added security will be worth every inconvenience. Unfortunately, open events like marathons are a much more difficult challenge for security personnel because of the open access to these events and the difficulty of monitoring such large areas and routes. No doubt the role of video monitoring and police dogs will grow in the near future. What other monitoring technologies will be developed and employed to keep these venues safe is a hot research topic. Video computer programs to spot unusual or suspicious behavior are already being employed. Sure, some people will resent these intrusions into public and private life, but these measures are here to stay. Only time will tell whether open-access athletic events can be kept safe. Law enforcement will probably struggle with sporting events just as it struggles to protect mass transit, airports, and other areas that draw large crowds. There is little doubt that the hunt for future perpetrators within our borders will be intensified as law enforcement attempts to blunt these nightmares before they begin. The “Big Brother” monitoring of cell phones and the Internet will once again be resisted by many as lawsuits and court battles ensue. How vigorously the civil liberty forces will resist these intrusions and where the courts draw the permissible line remain to be seen. Most importantly, I hope the Boston tragedy doesn’t dampen the spirit of athletic competition and deter athletes from classic events like the nation’s marathons. If that happens, it would be a terrible shame and a victory for those who wish to hurt America. I don’t think the majority of Americans want to see our sports-minded culture restricted, but I also realize that a repeat of Boston at a similar event in the near future would certainly provide a chilling effect and no doubt affect the decision making of many. As we remember those who lost their lives in Boston and the many who were injured, I hope we can be reminded of the 78-year-old man who was near the finish line when the bombs went off; he was knocked to the pavement, helped up by those around him, and continued on his way. What great symbolism! We can’t allow terrorist threats and actions to affect our culture. I hope that elderly gentleman represents the resilience of the American public and the refusal to change our way of life, including sports competition.

Psychiatrists Act Quickly After Bombings In Boston

Well-prepared psychiatrists and mental health professionals responded quickly to the needs of victims and families after the Boston Marathon bombings.

The Lived-Experience of Leading a Successful Police Vehicle Pursuit: A Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Inquiry

Abstract Police vehicle pursuits are inherently dangerous, rapidly evolving, and require police coordination to safely stop and arrest the suspect. Interviews of three US police officers were conducted and the descriptive phenomenological psychological method was used to analyze their naïve accounts of their lived-experiences. The psychological constituents of the experience of leading a successful chase and capture of a fleeing criminal found are: (1) Alert to Possible Car Chase, (2) Suspect Identified, (3) Anxiety and Excitement About the Chase, (4) Awareness of Primary Chase Role, (5) Radio Coordination with Others to Take Actions to Stop the Suspect, (6) Ongoing Evaluation of Chase Situation and Persistence, (7) Reading the Suspect’s Driving Behaviors, (8) Car Chase Transition to a Coordinated Physical Capture, and (9) Making Sense of the Experience Through Inquiry. Insights garnered from this study may be useful to police, policy makers, trainers and others interested in emergency and crisis decision-making.

이동형 배출가스 측정시스템(MEL)을 이용한 디젤 및 가솔린 차량에서 배출되는 입자상 물질 평가

차량에 의한 대기오염을 실제 주행 조건에서 시간과 공간에 구애받지 않고 실시간으로 측정하기 위하여 이동형 배출가스 측정장치(MEL)가 제작되었다. 미니밴 차량에 CO, NOx, CO₂와 같은 배출가스 측정 장비와 입자의 수농도 및 입경별 개수농도 분포 측정을 위한 FMPS, CPC가 탑재되었다. 차량 전단에 장착되는 흡입 샘플링 포트를 사용하여 여러 종류의 차량 추적 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 MEL의 상세 사양 및 이를 이용하여 디젤 및 가솔린 연료를 사용하는 승용차량들을 추적 실험한 결과를 나타내었다. 디젤 차량에서 배출되는 입자의 수농도는 가솔린 차량에서 배출되는 입자의 수농도보다 높았으며 다량의 극미세입자를 포함하고 있었다. 하지만, 직접분사식 가솔린 차량은 DPF가 장착된 디젤차량에 비하여 50 nm 이상의 입경 영역에서 입자의 농도가 높은 경향을 보였다.

The emotional experience of the sublime

The literature on the venerable aesthetic category of the sublime often provides us with lists of sublime phenomena — mountains, storms, deserts, volcanoes, oceans, the starry sky, and so on. But it has long been recognized that what matters is the experience of such objects. We then find that one of the most consistent claims about this experience is that it involves an element of fear. Meanwhile, the recognition of the sublime as a category of aesthetic appreciation implies that attraction, admiration or pleasure is also present.However, there is also a sense of fear and attraction when we watch car chases or fights. Neither of these is an occasion for the sublime so much as a visceral sort of excitement. As such, I will argue that it is not quite fear, but something that often manifests itself as fear that can be located in our experiences of the sublime.

Driving Cycle for Motorcycle Using Micro-Simulation Model

Driving cycle of vehicle has been used in emission estimation and fuel consumption study. Existing method of data collection using car chasing technique is expensive. The technique using micro simulation approach is cheaper and fast to derive the driving cycle. In this paper a traffic simulation model Driving Cycle Micro-Simulation Model for Motorcycle has been developed. The issue of lateral and longitudinal movement aspect in motorcycle driving has been examined in the model. Parameters to cover such movement have been built in the model and applied on a stretch in Edinburgh city of Scotland. Results from model have been both calibrated and validated. The results show that Driving Cycle Micro-Simulation Model for Motorcycle gives better representation of driving cycle and it can be used to understand the effect of driving modes on emission for better understanding of vehicular emission control.

Establishment of Typical Driving Patterns for Light-Duty Vehicles on Different Roads in Hsin-Chu Area of Taiwan

This study utilized the car chasing method to chase 86 light-duty vehicles on seven major roads in the Shin-Chu area and establish the typical driving patterns for various roads. The 23 parameters that associated with the driving were considered to elucidate the features of driving patterns. This work examined two manners, corrected Euclidean distance and traditional Euclidean distance methods, to elucidate a representative driven cycle. In the screening procedure of the typical driven cycle, factor analysis was applied to correct Euclidean distance and examine the 23 variables of driving conditions. The results indicated that the first five of the 23 principal components explained at least 94% of the variance for seven roads. The physical interpretation based on factor analysis was better than the traditional Euclidean distance method, so the results of factor analysis were used to select the typical driven cycle. The average speeds were 34.1 kmh-1 for the city road; 36.8, 26.1 and 30.4 kmh-1 for county roads 118, 120 and 122; 38.7 and 36.5 kmh-1/ for provincial roads 1 and 3; 85.9 kmh-1 for freeway.