Capsicum Annum Var Research Articles

First report of Stemphylium lycopersici associated with leaf spot disease of Capsicum annum var. grossum Sendt. in India

First report of Stemphylium lycopersici associated with leaf spot disease of Capsicum annum var. grossum Sendt. in India

The Effect of Giving the Combined Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Gamal Leaves (Gliricidia sepium) and Kepok Banana Peel (Musa Paradisiaca) on the Growth and Yield of Paprika (Capsicum annum var. Grossum)

This study aims to examine the growth and production of paprika (Capsicum annum var. Grossum) when treated with liquid organic fertilizer mixed with gamal leaves and kepok banana peels, and to recommend the optimal dose for this treatment. Plantation land on Jalan Maridan Riko in Maridan Village, Sepaku District, North Penajam Paser District, East Kalimantan was surveyed for this study. Five different doses, labeled P0 (Control), P1 (40 ml), P2 (80 ml), P3 (120 ml), and P4 (160 ml), were tested in a randomized block design trial. Plant height among the measured variables, number of leaves, number of fruits, fruit weight. Based on the results of analysis of plant height growth data Fcount (6.88) > Ftable (2.87), analysis of data on the number of plant leaves Fcount (60.92) > Ftable (2.87), analysis of data on the number of fruit Fcount (6.66) > Ftable (3.02) and results of fruit weight data analysis Fcount (2.91) > Ftable (2.87). These findings indicate that the optimal dose of liquid organic fertilizer for gamal leaves and kepok banana peels is 120 ml (P3), and this has a real impact on the development and yield of chili (Capsicum annum var. Grossum).

Vegetative Growth of Paprika Plant (Capsicum annum var grossum) at Three Diferent Sound Frequencies

Paprika (Capsicum annum var grossum) is a horticultural commodity with high economic value. Cultivation of paprika is currently still relatively low, for West Kalimantan. This research was conducted to see the effect of exposure to different sound frequencies on the growth of Paprika (Capsicum annum var. grossum) plants. The time for the study was from May 16 2022 to August 14 2022. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which had 4 different treatments namely control, 396 hz sound exposure, 528 hz sound exposure, and 660 hz sound exposure. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test with a certainty level of 0.05%. The results showed that exposure to 528 sound gave the best results on plant height, leaf area, pore length, pore width, chlorophyll B, and total chlorophyll. In conclusion, that exposure to sound can increase the growth of pepper plants.

Nicotine content and Dietary composition of some cultivated Species of Solanaceae family

Abstract Despite the fact that vegetables are consumed in large quantities in our environment, there is a dearth of literature that focused on the optimum benefits to man especially in the management of disease like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Nicotine, the major phyto-constituent of Nicotiana tabacum of the family Solanaceae has been reported to be present in some other species of the family. This study investigated the nicotine content and the dietary components in the leaves and fruits of selected species of cultivated vegetable plants belonging to Solanaceae family. Edible plants from Solanaceae family were grown till the fruiting stage in the experimental farm of Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, while Nicotiana tabacum was used as the control plant. Plants samples from mature leaves and fruits of each plant were harvested washed with de-ionized water, oven dried at 30°C. Powdered samples were analyzed for mineral and proximate components according to standard procedure and nicotine content were determined with GC-MS. Nicotine remained the major constituent of tobacco. Nicotyrine, a product of nicotine dehydrogenation was also detected in all the plant samples. Capsicum annum var. accuminatum fruit displayed the highest nicotine content (0.5543 mg/L) compared to the others with relatively lower quantities. Nicotyrine content was more available in the plant fruits than nicotine, with C. annum var abbreviatum displaying more of nicotyrine content (75.3456 mg/L). Solanum lycopersicum displayed the highest moisture contents (19.94 %), followed by tobacco leaf (11.88%). N. tabacum leaf displayed high quantity of protein (56.52%) than other members. The fruits of the solanaceae plant species were rich in carbohydrate, protein with very low amount of fat. This study revealed that the solanaceae plants contained more of nicotyrine than nicotine. In contrast to the previous studies, the nicotine content was higher in the eggplant leaves than the fruits. Eggplant and Capsicum species can be recommended for patient suffering from neurodegenerative diseases like PD.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potency of Red Chillies Extract (Capsicum annum var. Longum)

Chili (Capsicum annum var. Longum) is a horticultural plant that is widely used as raw material for the food and pharmaceutical industry. Generally, chili fruit contains phenolic chemical compounds of flavonoid and capcaisinoid compounds. Bioactive compounds in chili such as phenols, flavonoids and capsaicinoid have a positive relationship to antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Capsicum annum var. Longum contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The total phenol content is 0.81% (807.76 mg GAE/100 g). The total content of flavonoids is 5.64% (5646.08 mg QE/100 g). Antioxidant activity was carried out using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method with an IC50 value of 505.35 ppm. Antibacterial activity was carried out by disc diffusion method with the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria of 8.56 mm and Staphylococcus aureus of 3.55 mm.

Mapping distribution of Capsicum annum var. chinense in Tana Toraja and surrounding districts (Indonesia) based on fruit morphology

Abstract. Al-Amanah H, Sjahril R, Haring F, Riadi M, Larekeng SH. 2021. Mapping distribution of Capsicum annum var. chinense in Tana Toraja and surrounding districts (Indonesia) based on fruit morphology. Biodiversitas 23: 982-991. Katokkon pepper (Capsicum annum var. chinense) is one of the many Capsicum genetic resources still cultivated in small farms and home gardens in Tana Toraja, North Toraja, Enrekang and Mamasa districts of Indonesia. This study was conducted to identify genetic diversity of C. annum var. chinense pepper based on fruit characteristics as morphological markers in the endemic area. The study location was determined by purposive sampling. Morphological characterization was carried out by observing quantitative and qualitative characters. Results showed that C. annum var. chinense was widely distributed in the districts of Tana Toraja 47% (14 sub-districts, 17 villages), North Toraja 34% (11 sub-districts, 14 villages), Enrekang 12% (3 sub-districts, 5 villages), and Mamasa 7% (2 sub-districts, 6 villages). Cluster analysis based on quantitative characters of fruit morphology from 51 accessions led to 5 dendrogram clusters with 90% similarity level. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results had a cumulative diversity value of 75.913%. The color characteristic of fruit before ripening was light green, which turned red when mature. Cross-sections of the fruits were slightly corrugated. Fruits were pendant, and shapes were blocky. Fruit shape at pedicel attachment was truncated. Fruit shapes at the blossom end were blunt. In all the areas explored, only four common genotypes, i.e. Limbong Sangpolo or Local, Leatung 1, Leatung 2, and Jumbo were found.

Prediction of the fruit development stage of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum var. annuum) by an ensemble model of convolutional and multilayer perceptron

An ensemble model of convolutional neural network (CNN) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models was developed to detect sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum var. annuum ) fruits in images and predict their development stages. The plants were grown in four rows in a greenhouse, and images were collected from each row. Plant environment and growth data were collected every minute and month, respectively. The fruit development stage was classified into immature, breaking, and mature stages with a CNN using images. The immature stage was internally divided into four stages with an MLP, so a total of six stages were classified using the CNN–MLP ensemble model. The plant growth and environmental data and the information from the CNN output were used for the MLP input. The average accuracy of the six stages was F1 score = 0.77 and IoU = 0.86. The ensemble model showed acceptable performance in predicting fruit development stages. The CNN-only model could classify the mature and breaking stages well, but the immature stages were not distinguished, while the MLP-only model could hardly classify the fruit stage except the immature stages. The most influential factors in classification were the data obtained from CNN and the plant growth and environment data. The ensemble models could help in appropriate labour allocation and strategic management by detecting individual fruits in images and predicting precise fruit development stages. • Ensemble of CNN and MLP models to predict fruit developmental stage of sweet pepper. • CNN-only and MLP-only models could not predict all six stages. • Ensemble model accurately detected fruits and predicted six developmental stages. • Model could be expanded to assist in labour allocation and strategic management.

The application of drip irrigation for the hydroponic cultivation of paprika (capsicum annum var. Grossum) at P4S Total Cantigi Farm

Paprika is a major horticultural commodity with high cultivating potentials, due to excess demand from both within and outside the country. Currently, farmers are unable to meet the existing market needs, because of limited planting and production. Therefore, extensive efforts are necessary to enhance the yield, including the use of hydroponic cultivation technique. The purpose of this study is to provide comprehensive information on the hydroponic cultivation of paprika, using a drip irrigation system. The information collection was carried out at the Agricultural and Rural Self-Help Training Center (P4S) of Total Cantigi Farm, Garut Regency, West Java, served as the research location. Meanwhile, data collection from interviews, mini-seminars, direct field observations, and literature studies was conducted between February 1st-28th, 2021 at the Agricultural and Rural Self-Help Training Center (P4S), situated in similar site. The results showed the processes of paprika cultivation, including seeding, planting, caring (watering, fertilization, embroidery, rope installation, twisting, wiping, branch selection, fruit collection, pesticide application and disease control), harvest, and post-harvest activities.

Effect of combined use of fertilizer, bio-fertilizer and compost on yield and quality of chilli (Capsicum annum var. frutescence) cv. Pusa Jwala

An investigation was conducted to assess the effect of fertilizers, Azospirillum and compost (kitchen waste manure) on chilli (Capsicum annum var. frutescence) cv. Pusa Jwala at Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.) during winter season of 2016-17. The twelve treatments were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Results showed that the highest fresh weight of fruits per plant (575.73g), highest fruit yield (9212 g plot-1 and 4.26 t ha-1) was recorded with 50% RDF + kitchen waste manure (25 and 50 days after transplanting)] followed by RDF 50% + Azospirillum (soil application at transplanting). However, the quality characters in terms of total soluble solids (7.4 %), ascorbic acid (116.67mg/ 100 g fruit), total sugars (2.5 %), reducing sugars (1.7 %) and non-reducing sugars (0.8 %) of fruits were observed better with Azospirillum treatment along with RDF i.e. RDF 50% + Azospirillum (soil application at transplanting)]. It was also seen that combined effect of RDF and organic manures proved superior to RDF (100%) sole application in respect of yield and quality of fruits. The lowest values of yield and quality parameters were recorded in control treatment.

PREHARVEST ABIOTIC CONDITIONS ON THE ACCUMULATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITIES OF SWEET BELL PEPPER (Capsicum annum L) CULTIVARS IN THE LOW AND HIGH VELD REGIONS OF ZIMBABWE

Abiotic factors coupled with varietal differences have a special bearing on the synthesis of bioactive compounds and enhancement of antioxidant capacities of sweet bell pepper. The aim of the present study was to characterize the content of bioactive compounds (lycopene, vitamin C, β-carotenes, total phenols, and the antioxidant activity of sweet bell pepper (Capsicum annum L) grown under different Agro climatic regions with different environmental conditions, the Eastern Highlands (High veld region) and the Save Valley (low veld region). The results from the study showed statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the different growing locations with regard to the bioactive compounds which were identified and quantified. Capsicum annum var. Lafayette presented the highest concentration of vitamin C content, lycopene content and total phenols as well as the greatest antioxidant activity in the high veld region. In addition, the results indicated that low temperatures favour in vivo biosynthesis of bioactive compounds and enhances antioxidant capacities of sweet bell pepper.

Effect of Soil Nutrient Management on P transformation under Protected Cultivation

Background: Phosphorus, an essential element, plays a central role in cell metabolism and reproduction. It is a structural component of energy transferring molecules (ATP, ADP and AMP), nucleic acids, coenzymes, phosphor-proteins, phospholipids and sugar phosphates. In soils, the P does not occur abundantly as nitrogen or potassium. Despite its importance, only a proportion (~ 0.1-1.0 %) of it is available for use by plants and microorganisms because phosphorous has poor solubility and gets fixed in soil. Many studies had been done regarding nutrient management of soil in various parts of the world, but limited study was done in India and in North-East India, it is relatively unexplored. Thus, the main aim of this experiment was to find out how nutrient management influencing P fractions under protected cultivation. Methods: The investigation area from which soil samples were collected i.e., Horticultural Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, Assam. The study was carried out under protected poly house condition in the year 2017-18. The test crop was Capsicum (Capsicum annum var. Swarna). The design of the experiment was Split-Split plot technique. Random soil samples were collected from different treatments under protected cultivation at a depth of 0-15 cm. The soil samples were collected at two different stages of the crop viz., flowering and fruiting stages at 45 and 115 days after planting respectively. Result: The present study revealed that single factor effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) had a significant effect on different forms of P The readily available P forms tend to increase in the fruiting stage while the iron bound phosphates registered a decrease. This implies that iron bound phosphate form predominantly controlled available P in acid soils under protected cultivation. The study indicates that iron bound P may be considered as slowly available labile P for fertilizer scheduling under protected cultivation. The present study also revealed that single factor effect of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) had a significant effect on yield of capsicum. Among the various P fractions, Pi-water and Pi-Fe contribute more towards yield of capsicum.

Effects of shading material on the growth, yield and quality of green pepper (Capsicum annum L.) grown under hot and humid climatic conditions

Green pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the most popular vegetables in the Kingdom of Eswatini, with its production mainly under irrigation in open fields. Shade nets are used to modify the crop micro-environment to improve plant growth and yield. This experiment was conducted at Mphaphati, under Eswatini Water and Agricultural Development Enterprises, (ESWADE) in the summer of January and April 2018. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of plastic and net covered tunnels on the growth, yield and quality of green pepper (Capsicum annum var. Crusader L.). Shading materials were used white fiber plastic tunnel, green net tunnel (40%) and black net tunnel (40%). The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that plants grown under the green net covered tunnel significantly (P

Karakterisasi Kromosom Spesies Anggota Familia Solanaceae

Indonesia is known as a country rich in various agricultural and plantation products, including vegetables. One effort to improve quality of the production by identifying and characterizing chromosomes. The purpose study to characterize number, shape and size of the chromosomes in Solanaceae family. The study using modified Squash method. Chromosome preparation including fixation, maceration, staining, and analyzed using Image Raster 3 application, then Corel Draw X6. The results showed study to characterize the number, shape and size in the Capsicum annum L. Tm 999 (2n=20m+4sm and 2,41 s/d 9,99 µm) then Capsicum frutescens L. Kencana (2n=16m+8sm and 3,12 s/d 10,49 µm). In Solanum lycopersicum Or Diana and Marta (2n=16m+8sm and 3,12 s/d 10,49 µm) then (2n=22m+2sm and 2,65 s/d 7,28 μm). In Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Juliet and Tropical Ruby (2n=18m+6sm and 0,77 s/d 1,81 μm) then (2n=20m+4sm and 0,39 s/d 0,94 μm). Solanum melongena L. Or Valerie and Mustang (2n=24m and 0.29 s/d 0.87 μm) then (2n=22m+2sm and 0,5 s/d 1.28 μm). In Solanum melongena L. Kania and Pulus (2n=20m+4sm and 0.64 s/d 3.43 μm) then (2n=16m+8sm and 0.84 s/d 2.51 μm). In Solanum melongena L. Jeno and Planet Hijau (2n=18m+6sm and 0.65 s/d 2.423 μm) then (2n=14m+10sm and 0.46 s/d 1.73 μm). In Capsicum annum var. Grossum L. Red Star and Purple Star (2n=22m+2sm and 3.19 s/d 8.49 μm) then (2n=24m and 5.5 s/d 11.92 μm).

Influence of Pruning Techniques on Yield and Quality Characters of Capsicum Variety Indra Under Shade Net Conditions

An experiment was conducted to study the influence of pruning techniques to improve the yield and quality characters of capsicum (Capsicum annum var. grossum) under shade net condition. The study consisted of three stem pruning systems viz., Two main stems, four main stems, Unpruned (control) and three fruit pruning systems one fruit per node, one fruit on alternate nodes, one fruit on every two nodes. Plants pruned to four shoots with one fruit per node recorded the best results for yield hectare-1 (64.09 tonnnes). Capsicum plants with two main shoots recorded the highest ascorbic acid (75.61 mg g-1), carotenoid (6.38 mg g-1), TSS content (5.18°brix), except fruit chlorophyll content (0.57 mg g-1), which was found to be highest in unpruned plants. Capsicum plants with one fruit on every two nodes excelled in the qualitative characters viz., carotenoid content (5.52 mg g-1), and TSS content (5.11). The capsaicin content and phenol content was not affected by the pruning treatments.

Growth and yield of Capsicum Annum Under Irrigation with Different Levels of Domestic Waste Water

Use of wastewater for a variety of purposes is gaining increased popularity as a means of preserving scarce freshwater resources and nutrient recycling particularly in developing countries A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth and yield of Capsicum annum var. Nishat-1 under irrigation with different concentrations of domestic wastewater (grey and black water) in combination with recommended dose of fertilizers(RDF). This field experiment was carried out for two consecutive years Kharief 2012-2013 and involved 6 treatments (T1–T6) with three replications in RCBD. Before being utilized, wastewater was stabilized for 20-25 days in open containers. The highest yield (288.12 q ha-1 ) was recorded in T1 (Recommended dose of fertilizers =RDF) followed by 283.49 q ha-1 in T4 (50% grey water and 50% RDF ), 275.92 q ha-1 in T5 (50% black water 50% RDF) , 270.03 q ha-1 in T2 (100% grey water), 260 q ha-1 in T6 (50% black water and 50% grey water) and least of 251.96 q ha-1 in T3 (100% black water) . The data also reveals that the concentrations of the various physico-chemical parameters (viz., pH, EC, OC, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb) of waste water and pre and post experiment soil samples were within permissible limits. Quality parameters viz total soluble salts, ascorbic acid, chl-a, chl-b, total-chl, carbohydrates and protein content between various treatments exhibited different trends. This study shows that there is an option for recycling of stabilized waste water in agriculture.

Sampling of Bemisia tabaci adults using a pre-programmed autonomous pest control robot

An autonomous robot (Cabbot) was built to control insect pests in a plastic greenhouse and utilized to sample adult whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) on paprika plants (Capsicum annum var. angulosum). To accomplish this, a sampling device consisting of an air compressor for pest agitation, a sticky trap (100mm×150mm) and an image processing system for pest identification were installed on the Cabbot. The sampling precision of the Cabbot (D=0.16) was higher than that of the sticky trap (D=0.19) when sampling of adult white flies was conducted in caged pots. The Cabbot could also collect a substantial number of individuals within a short duration (3minutes). The collection efficiency (i.e., percent of samples collected at least n (1 in this case) individuals to the total sample number) of insects by the Cabbot was markedly high at low population size, showing approximately 30% when the population size was ≤16 individuals per plant. The sampling precision and collection efficiency suggested that the Cabbot is effective in local, short-term sampling and could be used for early warning of pest occurrences.

Sclerotinia Rot ofOcimum sanctumand the Host Range of its Pathogen

Sclerotinia rot of Ocimum sanctum caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has been recorded for last three years during winter season (2011–2014) at Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal. The disease appeared in first week of December and progress of the disease continued up to the end of February. Drooping of leaves in one or more young twigs was the first symptom of the disease. Light brown discolouration on the twig and presence of white sclerotia might be associated with the initial symptom. Gradually more and more twigs were affected followed by death and drying of the infected twigs. In humid condition, prominent cottony white mycelia developed on the affected tissue. Towards end of February many plants became dead. Black matured sclerotia were found on the dead branches. On artificial inoculation the causal organism, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infected fifty plants indicating that the pathogen did not have host specificity. But susceptibility of seventeen plants (Capsicum annum var. grossum, Trichosanthes dioica, Cucurbita pepo, Abelmoschus esculentus, Raphanus sativus, Trigonella foenumgraecum, Amaranthus tricolor, Portulaca oleracea, Pachyrrhizus erosus, Ipomoea batatas, Lathyrus sativus, Ricinus communis, Allium sativum, Foeniculum vulgare, Carica papaya, Chrysanthemum indicum, Chenopodium album) is recorded first time in India.

Biochemical Responses of Capsicum Annum Under Cadmium Stress

A pot culture study was carried out to assess the antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in Capsicum annum (L.) var. Vellayani athulya, under different cadmium concentrations applied as cadmium chloride salt (10mM, 20mM, 30mM, 40mM and 50mM). Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were observed along with lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Results showed significant changes in the activities of above antioxidants in test plants, compared to control. A significant increase in the activity of SOD, POX and decrease in the activities of CAT and GSH were observed up to 30mM concentrations. However, at 40mM concentration, the activity of antioxidants was observed to revert to the near normal, showing a sign of recovery which may be due to the inactivation of antioxidants in the presence of excess Cd. Further, in 50mM concentration, the activity of enzymes reversed to the initial condition, i.e either increased or decreased. Nevertheless, production of malondialdehyde, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation, also showed the same pattern of change. The results of comet assay showed that the extent of DNA damage was greater in C. annum as the Cd concentration increased.

DRY CURLY KOPAY CHILI (Capsicum Annum VAR. GLABIUSCUM) BY USING VAKUM OVEN STUDIED

This research about “dry curly kopay chilli (Capsicum annum var. glabiuscum) by using vakum oven studied” has been done in Pilot Plant Agriculture Harvest Technologi, Technologi Of Agriculture Faculty, Islamic University of Indragiri, on Desember 2010 until Pebruari 2011. The aim of this research was find the best treatment to get optimum salt dry curly copay chilli and the rehidration.Method has used in this experiment was trifaktorial whit 3 pattern of group. The treatment was : (A) pressing ; A1= without pressing A2= by pressing. The second factor (B) was level of temperature, temp of B1 = 45oC, B2 = 60oC, B3 = 75oC. The third factor (C) was timed duration, timed of C1 = 6 hour, C2 = 7 hour, C3 = 8 hour. This research to find out water solubility, percentage of β caroten, hot storey level, rehidration, rehidration timed and organoleptic tests by used F test then continued DNMRT (Duncan`s new multiple range test). The capcaisin just only done at once. perception to growth of microbe only presented in the form of tables. Observered of β caroten only in the best treatment based on organoleptik.The result showed that chili dried 75oC for 8 hour by giving press has the best treatment based organoleptik ( colour, tasted, smell). Best treatment contained water solubility 10,04%, capcisin 23%, β karoten 2.390,95 μg/100g, The organoleptik of the best treatment compared whit import dried chili from Singapore that sold in Pekanbaru showed very significantly based on colour, significantly based on teksture and taste, non significantly based on smell.

Effect of Humic Acid on Antioxidant Activities and Fruit Quality of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The effect of humic acid (HA) on antioxidant compounds and fruit quality of hot pepper (Capsicum annum var. Red chili) was determined in an open-field study. Pepper plants were treated with HA (0, 25, 100, 175, and 250 mg.kg−1). HA treatments affected antioxidants in the fruits (antioxidant activity, total flavonoid, capsaicin, lycopene, and β-carotene). There was no difference in total phenolic and carbohydrate between HA and control treatments. It was observed that HA applied at 100 mg kg−1 resulted in the highest capsaicin and lycopene contents, and the lowest values were observed in control group. Total soluble solids and titratable acidity increased in response to HA treatments, and the highest values were obtained from the highest HA treatment (250 mg kg−1).