Supply Of Capital Research Articles

Implementation of Access Arrangements for Agrarian Reform: A Case Study in the Kampung Tua of Tanjung Riau, Batam City

Abstract: Access arrangement is one of the agrarian reform programs that continues from asset arrangement. Access arrangements aim to provide assistance in capital provision, training, and marketing strategies to communities facing obstacles in their companies. In 2022, Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau served as the location for access arrangements; data collection yielded various types of Micro-Medium Small Businesses (MSMEs), also known as agrarian reform access objects. This study aims to find out how agrarian reform access is put into action in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau. It will do this by using a qualitative approach and collecting data from the ground about the types of businesses that agrarian reform access participants run, the status of their businesses, the status of their certificates (mortgaged or not mortgaged), and how successful their businesses are by looking at how they've grown since being given more power and by mortgaging their land ownership certificates for extra business capital. There was an increase in the number of participants who pledged certification from 40 in 2022 to 53 in 2023. However, some of the participating businesses have not experienced significant development. The constraints in the implementation of the agrarian reform access arrangement in Kampung Tua Tanjung Riau are the lack of community understanding of the program, where not all participants are registered for empowerment training, and the abundance of similar businesses that are not balanced with existing market demands, resulting in competition among MSME players. Keywords: Agrarian Reform, Access Arrangement, Community Empowerment

Evaluation of the Impact of Economic Empowerment Initiatives on Poverty Alleviation among Youth and Women's Groups: A Case Study of the Arusha Region, Tanzania

Globally, the Women and Youth Development Fund, channeled through women's groups, has played a crucial role in fostering economic empowerment for women and youth. In Tanzania, population growth has introduced both opportunities and challenges, with a significant issue being the rise in unemployment and poverty, particularly among women and youth. To address these challenges, the Women, Youth, and People with Disabilities Revolving Fund (WYDF) was established within Local Government Authorities (LGAs) to provide accessible loans to the poor, who are often excluded from conventional financial institutions. This study investigates the effectiveness of economic empowerment initiatives in alleviating poverty among youth and women's groups in the Arusha Region, Tanzania. Specifically, it examines the impact of start-up capital provision, financial literacy training, and business capacity-building on poverty reduction. The study employed a survey research design with a quantitative approach, collecting data from 95 respondents through questionnaires. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software, with regression analysis employed to explore the relationships between variables influencing poverty reduction among the targeted groups. The findings reveal that start-up capital provision, financial literacy training, and business capacity-building significantly contribute to poverty reduction among youth and women's groups. The study recommends enhanced financial literacy programs to enable entrepreneurs to save and accumulate sufficient capital for business investments. Additionally, the government, through youth and women empowerment programs, should continue providing training, particularly to those without technical skills, focusing on new production techniques, efficient fund allocation, and marketing strategies to ensure sustainable impacts.

Regional Maternity Capital in Russia: Analysis of Differences in Terms of Provision, Size, and Target Direction

Along with the federal demographic and family policy, the subjects of the Russian Federation are actively implementing their own regional measures to support families with children, a special place among which is occupied by regional maternity capital. The purpose of this study is to identify the specifics of the provision of regional maternity capital. In this article a brief history of the implementation of the regional maternity capital program was considered in the context of Russian demographic policy. Data on the conditions for the provision of this support measure and the size of payments have been updated to the beginning of 2024. The analysis of normative legal acts regulating the implementation of the program to provide regional maternity capital in the subjects of the Russian Federation was used as a research method. It was revealed that the rules for providing this support measure are variable and differ in many criteria: according to the birth order for whom the payment is provided, the presence or absence of a need criterion, the directions of use of funds, as well as the terms of residence in the region and the size of the regional maternity capital. Based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts, it was found that the legislative framework governing the provision of regional maternity capital continues to be improved and modified by excluding or changing additional conditions limiting the range of recipients of this support measure, such as the criterion of need, the duration of residence in the region and the one-time right to use regional maternity capital. The results obtained can be used as a material to study the effectiveness of the implementation of regional maternity capital as a measure aimed at increasing the birth rate.

Determinants of foreign direct investment in SADC region: Case of financial development, institutions and openness

Background: Countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region have experienced low growth coupled with high levels of poverty and inequality. Economic growth has been touted as one of the major factors to deal with these problems. However, the lack of financial resources has hampered the efforts to achieve high levels of growth. This has therefore resulted in the countries putting much effort on attracting foreign capital.Aim: The study aims to investigate the extent to which financial development (FSD), financial openness, and institutional quality determine the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the SADC region.Setting: The study focuses on 15 countries in the SADC region from 2008 to 2022.Method: The study employs the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) technique given the problem of endogeneity between the variables of interest.Results: The findings from the study indicate that FSD and financial openness are important factors determining the flow of FDI to the SADC region. On the other hand, the effect of institutions was found to be significant when taking into account the state of FSD and financial openness.Conclusion: Policymakers are encouraged to focus on enhancing institutional frameworks, promoting FSD, and increasing financial openness to optimise capital inflows.Contribution: The study contributes to the available studies by incorporating the role that is played by institutional quality and financial openness to the modelling. This becomes important as the region aims at attracting more foreign capital so as to improve growth as domestic capital supply falls short of domestic capital demand.

The moderating effect of private information on the relation between financial reporting quality and corporate dividend efficiency

AbstractWe examine the effect of private information on the linkage between financial reporting quality and dividends. While prior studies show that better reporting quality mitigates agency problems regarding dividends, this effect can depend on capital suppliers' private information sources. In a sample of Japanese firms, we measure dividend efficiency regarding over‐ and underpayments and use unique main bank relationships as a proxy for private information. Reporting quality enhances dividend efficiency, and this linkage is observed only for firms without main bank relationships. The results suggest that high‐quality reporting streamlines dividends, particularly when capital suppliers do not have private information sources.

Outcome‐Based Typology of Social Enterprises: Interlacing Individual Transformation, Capital Provision, and Societal Influence

Outcome‐Based Typology of Social Enterprises: Interlacing Individual Transformation, Capital Provision, and Societal Influence

Stranded Asset Risk in the Bond Market

Asset stranding involves permanently shutting down productive but harmful facilities that impose negative externalities on society. Because bonds are a major source of funding for corporations, investors such as pension funds and insurance companies seeking to reduce their exposure to asset stranding have the potential to limit the supply of capital to polluting firms by divesting their holdings of the polluting firms’ bonds. We examine the implications of stranded asset risk for polluting firms regulated under the Clean Air Act (CAA). Polluting facilities located in counties in violation of the CAA are required to comply with the act’s provisions regardless of cost, leading to a contraction in capital for companies with facilities located in affected counties. More broadly, this study contributes to our understanding of whether and how pollution externalities affect private-sector capital supply to polluting firms.

Оцінка забезпеченості людським капіталом на тов тк «добра хата»

An analysis of the change in the number of Ukrainians from 1990 to the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war and during the war, which negatively affected the formation of human capital of domestic enterprises, is carried out. The work examines and defines the essence of the «human capital of an enterprise» concept and defines this economic category. It has been established that human capital is an employee’s abilities that allow him to bring the most effective results in the economic activity of the enterprise (organization) in which he works. The effectiveness of using human capital at «DOBRA КHATA» TC LLC was investigated, and an assessment of human capital provision at this enterprise was provided. The structure, dynamics, and movement of the human capital of the enterprise LLC TC “DOBRA KHATA” are analyzed, and the relationship with the change in the population of Ukraine during the Russian-Ukrainian war is determined. It was established that despite the situation in the country and the lost potential, the enterprise continues to function and encourages its workers to cooperate. Yes, the enterprise uses very active methods of corporate culture, which only improve yearly. Ways to improve human capital efficiency used at«DOBRA КHATA» TC LLC have been identified. These included the guaranteed professional growth of employees who underwent training and retraining, the system of training and retraining of personnel at the expense of the state and enterprises, the creation of such an atmosphere at the enterprise that would help to interest employees in increasing labor productivity indicators, and constant assessment and analysis of the outflow of human capital and what exactly contributed to this, as well as efforts to eliminate these causes and prevent them from appearing in the future. The expediency of developing and implementing measures to increase human capital to increase labor productivity and achieve high results in enterprise development is substantiated. Keywords: human capital, enterprise, development, assessment, indicators.

Artificial intelligence drivers' effect on willingness to adopt the human capital supply chain in manufacturing firms: an empirical investigation from developing countries – a mediation model

PurposeThis study tries to examine the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) drivers on the willingness to adopt the human capital supply chain (HCSC) in manufacturing firms (MFs) in developing countries (DCs) including Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, which are listed in the Chambers of Industry of these countries.Design/methodology/approachThe quantitative methodology with a simple random sampling method was adopted using a questionnaire survey-based approach to collect data from 233 out of 1,055 participants (human resource (HR) managers and information technology (IT) senior managers) from various MFs (private and commercial), representing a 22% response rate. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) was used to analyze the raw data using Amos V.25.FindingsThe results of this study showed that there are positive and statistically significant direct association effects between the reliability of use (RoU), competitive pressures (CPs) and user confidence (UC) factors on the willingness to adopt AI in HCSC in the MFs in DCs. At the same time, there is no significant effect on a firm’s infrastructure readiness (FIRs), in addition to the indirect effect of UC in the relationship between CPs and FIRs on the willingness to adopt AI in HCSC.Originality/valueSuch findings of this study can provide insightful implications for stakeholders and policymakers regarding the importance of using predictive AI drivers' effect on willingness to adopt the HCSC in the MFs in DCs as emerging economies. Additionally, the managers might focus on the existence of a significant positive indirect effect of UC as a mediating factor in the relationship between FIRs and willingness to adopt AI and its applications in HCSC systems and departments.

Policy strategy: Nickel mining contribution to rural development equity and social violence minimization in Kolaka Regency

The lack of attention from mining companies to the majority of areas still affected by mining activities can result in regional economic disparities and high levels of social violence. It is crucial to have policy strategies for mining contributions to rural development equity and social violence reduction through CSR assistance and other aid funds. This research employs the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis method using the MULTIPOL analysis tool. Recommended action programs include the construction of schools, provision of scholarships, job openings, business capital, and infrastructure development, supported by strong regulations and law enforcement. Cracking down on illegal mining permits is essential to reduce environmental damage. Holistic and sustainable integration policies, alongside effective law enforcement, are necessary to achieve the goals of equitable development and social violence reduction. These steps should be reinforced with incentives for traditional/community leaders and increased police/military presence in villages within the next 2 years, particularly in zones 2 and 3 of the mining areas. Failure to implement these measures could escalate social violence, jeopardize security, and impede the operations of mining companies in Kolaka. The findings of this research support the priority of security and orderliness in development and underscore the importance of diverse research methods for mining area development policies.

FDI and industrial development in a mega-city region: a modelling study on the Pearl River Delta

ABSTRACT Foreign direct investment (FDI) and regional development are mutually interwoven phenomena. This paper introduces an analytical framework to investigate the interaction mechanism between FDI and regional industrial structure. This framework posits first that FDI generally has a significant influence on the industrial structure in the region concerned, specifically through intervening mechanisms such as capital supply, active selection, passive competition, product linkage, imitation and demonstration and employee flows. Secondly, the industrial structure, in turn, also affects FDI flows through mechanisms including market demand, factor supply and policy or institutional factors. Finally, there are bi-directional interactions; using a spatial interaction framework, the present study applies and tests a simultaneous equation model and a spatial Durbin model to analyse empirical data from 15 urban regions in the Pearl River Delta mega-city region (PRD) in China spanning the period 2005–2018. The key findings from this multi-scalar analysis are: (i) there are substantial interactive effects between FDI and industrial structure, with the rationalisation and upgrading of the industrial structure significantly promoting FDI inflows into the PRD; (ii) FDI inflows, in turn, contribute to the reinforcement and upgrading of the industrial structure in the PRD; and (iii) the interactions between FDI and industrial structure exhibit significant spatial-economic growth effects. We also find that moderator factors, including independent R&D level, market size, marketisation level, labour cost, infrastructure and government expenditure, have discernible impacts on FDI inflows and the rationalisation and upscaling of the industrial-economic structure in the area concerned. Finally, we note that, in our study, significant spatial dependence effects among urban areas inside the PRD area are observed and modelled. The discussion of the empirical findings leads to the identification of several important policy implications and lessons for regional development strategies from an FDI perspective.

Manajemen Komunikasi Pada Pondok Pesantren

Pondok Pesantren, Islamic boarding schools, play a crucial role in shaping the character of young generations. Effective communication management is essential to ensure the smooth execution of various educational, religious, and social activities. This study aims to analyze the concepts, objectives, functions, strategies, and influencing factors of communication management in Pondok Pesantren. The research method used is library research, which involves reviewing relevant literature. The findings indicate that communication management in pesantren encompasses planning, organizing, executing, and supervising communication processes to ensure effective dissemination of religious and educational messages. The primary goals of communication management are to achieve understanding, build acceptance, and motivate action. The functions of communication management include planning, organizing, executing, and controlling. Communication strategies are divided into internal strategies, such as dialogic communication, sharing, counseling, and interviews between caregivers and students, and external strategies, such as interpersonal dialogue, religious lectures, visits, provision of business capital, and zakat to the community. Factors influencing communication management include interaction, motivation, ethics, internal communication within the pesantren, and religious relationships within the community. With effective communication management, Pondok Pesantren can enhance the quality of education and character building for students and provide positive impacts on the community.

Local government debts and corporate bond spreads: Evidence from China

Using a comprehensive dataset of Chinese corporate bonds that existed during 2011–2018, we find a significant positive relationship between local government debts and the credit spreads of local firms. By matching their debt maturity, we find that long-term government debts have an obvious effect on the spreads of long-term corporate bonds. Moreover, with the expansion of local government debts, local firms reduce their debt financing in response to the rising borrowing cost. These findings show that a crowding out effect does exist between local government debts and local corporate bonds. The effect is attributable to the decrease in the capital supply in the credit market, the weakened implicit guarantee from the government, and the increasing investment cost for local firms, which are all correlated with the expansion of local government debts.

The [formula omitted]-logistic growth model. Qualitative and quantitative dynamics

The κ-exponential function, representing a generalization of the exponential function, has been firstly introduced in physics, and, then, it has been considered in a noteworthy number of fields because of its ability to take rare events into account. Among the possible applications of this function, one of particular interest is in economics in which rare events may consist in natural disasters, such as earthquakes that reduce the supply of capital, or epidemics or other external shocks influencing the supply of intermediate inputs, human or physical capital. Starting from the κ-exponential function, the κ-logistic function, which is a generalization of the sigmoidal function, can be obtained and used to describe production functions in a unique setting to take into account (1) several shapes usually considered in economics (i.e. concave and non-concave production functions), (2) economies at different development levels, and, (3) the possible occurrence of rare events. In this paper, we investigate the economic growth model as proposed by Böhm and Kaas (2000), wherein the production function utilizes the κ-logistic function. We provide theoretical results confirmed by extensive computational experiments and in line with economic literature showing that a poverty trap may emerge together with fluctuations, multistability and complex dynamics.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN PRIORITY GEOSTRATEGIC TERRITORIES AS THE BASIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE

The events taking place in the country and the world in recent years urge us to reflect, rethink the deformed pyramid of values that has become entrenched in our country, and reorient it towards a post-industrial society, where human capital and innovative development are recognized as the main wealth of the country. The quality of human capital, expressed in education, health, professionalism, life satisfaction, freedom of creative approach to their development, high labor productivity, is the main driving force for the development of science, technology, innovation and socio-economic growth in general. Without high-quality human capital, all ambitious government projects are ephemeral: there will simply be no one to implement them. It is high-quality human capital that creates the prerequisites for preserving and strengthening the socio-economic security of regions and countries. In recent years, the Russian regions have maintained a high migration decline in the population, the leakage of highly qualified personnel is increasing, poverty and property segregation are increasing, the nutritional structure is deteriorating, morbidity and crime are increasing, and in general, the standard of living of the population is decreasing. This can become a prerequisite for the growth of tension and instability in society. The Far Eastern Federal District has been recognized as a priority strategic territory of Russia, and it has been assigned the appropriate tasks to achieve advanced socio-economic development. The latter is possible only with the provision of high-quality human capital. The author tried to describe the relationship between the quality of human capital and the level of socio-economic security, analyzed the main parameters of the standard of living of the population of the Far Eastern regions, identified the main problems and identified conceptual directions for their solution. The article is of an overview and analytical nature, and may be of interest to both theoretical researchers and practical managers dealing with issues of human capital development and regulation of socio-economic processes

Study on the Ecological Compensation Standard in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China under the Perspective of Natural Capital Supply and Demand

The fundamental component of the ecological compensation system, as well as the crucial basis for its efficient functioning, is calculating the ecological compensation amount and establishing the ecological compensation standard. This study integrates the ecological footprint with natural capital monetization and other methods by introducing a natural capital accounting system. From the standpoint of natural capital supply and demand, it also builds an accounting framework for ecological compensation standards that is standardized, dynamic, and regionally differentiated while taking local socioeconomic aspects into account. We determined the amount of ecological compensation by using Xinjiang as the research object and calculating and analyzing the features of regional and temporal changes in the monetary and physical quantities of natural capital in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2020. The findings show that from 2010 to 2020, Xinjiang’s ecological footprint increased by 1.26 times in physical terms and 1.21 times in monetary terms and that its ecological carrying capacity increased by 4.13% in physical terms and 9.42% in monetary terms. The ecological deficit continues to grow in physical and monetary terms, with a per capita ecological deficit in 2020 of 19.92 s-nha/cap and 70,100 CNY/cap in physical and monetary terms, respectively. The amount of ecological compensation required to be paid in Xinjiang increased from CNY 5659 million to CNY 10,259 million, and the per capita ecological compensation payment standard increased from 259.42 CNY/cap/yr to 396.11 CNY/cap/yr. In summary, Xinjiang’s natural capital supply is insufficient to meet the demand for consumption, and the ecological deficit is growing with time, necessitating the payment of ecological compensation. The study’s results lay the foundation for formulating and implementing ecological compensation policies in Xinjiang and provide theoretical support for constructing ecological civilization in Xinjiang. In addition, the ecological compensation accounting framework constructed in this study organically integrates natural capital theory, ecosystem services, and socioeconomic influencing factors, which enriches the methodology of accounting for ecological compensation standards, and, at the same time, can be used as a paradigm of a dynamic and equitable ecological compensation accounting framework to further promote its use at different scales and regions.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN MELALUI INOVASI PROGRAM EKONOMI PRODUKTIF OLEH BAZNAS KOTA KOTAMOBAGU

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of BAZNAS Kotamobagu City's productive economic empowerment program in improving the welfare of poor community groups. This qualitative research with a case study design uses primary data from in-depth interviews and secondary data from regulatory reviews and literature. The results show that the skills training program and provision of business capital by BAZNAS Kotamobagu City positively impact the financial independence of several poor families in the region. However, evaluating the program implementation also identified several substantial remaining challenges. First, the beneficiary selection process is still considered too bureaucratic and potentially subjective. Second, the low awareness of some communities in carrying out their zakat obligations so that the realization of zakat fund raising is relatively low. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the beneficiary selection system by utilizing data digitization to improve efficiency and validity. The principles of accountability, transparency and objectivity in the selection process by zakat managers also need to be upheld. On the other hand, it is necessary to intensify massive public socialization and education related to the urgency of paying zakat as well as the real impact of zakat on economic empowerment programs for the poor. Increasing this literacy is important to optimize the potential for collecting zakat funds in the region. With these improvements, the BAZNAS Kotamobagu City productive economic empowerment program model has the potential to be replicated and make a significant contribution to the national mission to alleviate poverty in Indonesia.

When government is the solution: creating the arms industry in the Connecticut River Valley in the 1800s

PurposeThis historical example of the creation of the arms industry in the Connecticut River Valley in the 1800s provides new insights into the value of government venture capital (GVC) and government demand in creating a new industry. Since current theoretical explanations of the best uses of governmental venture capital are still under development, there is considerable need for further theory development to explain and predict the creation of an industry and especially those industries where failures in private capital supply necessitates governmental involvement in new firm creation. The purpose of this paper is to provide an in depth historical review of how the arms industry evolved spurred by GVC and government created demand.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses abductive inference as the best way to build and test emerging theories and advancing theoretical explanations of the best uses of GVC and governmental demand to achieve socially required outcomes.FindingsBy observing this specific historical example in detail, the authors add to the understanding of value creation caused by governmental venture capital funding of existing theory. A major contribution of this paper is to advance theory based on detailed observation.Originality/valueThe relatively limited research literature and theory development on governmental venture capital funding and the critical success factors in startups are enriched by this abductive investigation of the creation of the historically important arms industry and its spillover into creating the specialized machine industry.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the world's major economies: based on a multi-country and multi-sector CGE model.

To quantitatively assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on public health, as well as its economic and social consequences in major economies, which is an international public health concern. The objective is to provide a scientific basis for policy interventions. This study utilizes a multi-country, multi-sector CGE-COVID-19 model to analyze the repercussions of the pandemic in 2022. The re-search focuses on quantifying the effects of COVID-19 on the macroeconomy and various industry sectors within six economies: the United States, China, the EU, the United Kingdom, Japan, and South Korea. The COVID-19 pandemic shock had the most significant impact on China and the EU, followed by notable effects observed in the United States and the United Kingdom. In contrast, South Korea and Japan experienced relatively minimal effects. The reduction in output caused by the pandemic has affected major economies in multiple sectors, including real industries such as forestry and fisheries, and the services such as hotels and restaurants. The overall negative macroeconomic impact of the epidemic on major economies has been significant. Strategic interventions encompassing initiatives like augmenting capital supply, diminishing corporate taxes and fees, offering individual subsidies, and nurturing international cooperation held the potential to mitigate the detrimental economic consequences and enhance the global-economic amid the pan-demic. Consequently, this study contributes to the advancement of global anti-epidemic policies targeting economic recovery. Moreover, using the CGE-COVID-19 model has enriched the exploration of general equilibrium models in PHEIC events.

Local business environment and firm innovation: evidence from China

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the influence of the regional business environment on local firm innovation, considering various dimensions such as administrative, financial and legal environments.Design/methodology/approachMultiple regression analysis is employed to analyze archival data for firms listed on Chinese stock markets.FindingsWe find that the optimizations of the administrative and financial environments positively affect firm innovation, whereas the legal environment does not exert a similar impact. Our analysis also reveals that the business environment’s optimization significantly influences innovation in firms that are small, non-state-owned and operating in high-tech industries. Furthermore, the business environment acts as a moderating variable in the relationship between firm innovation and firm value.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of institutional-level determinants of firm innovation, highlighting the nuances of the legal environment and the importance of context-specific analysis, especially in emerging markets like China.Practical implicationsDeveloping countries can significantly enhance firm innovation by improving the business environment, including the optimization of administrative and financial systems, reducing transaction costs and ensuring capital supply. Tailored legal frameworks and alternative institutional strategies may also be explored.Social implicationsThis study explicitly emphasizes the governmental role in promoting firm innovation, shedding light on policy formulation and strategic alignment with local administrative policies.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to explore the relationship between the business environment and firm innovation using World Bank indicators in an emerging market context, providing novel insights into the unique dynamics of legal, financial and administrative sub-environments.