Capital Region Of India Research Articles

Spectrum and Trends of Intestinal Parasitic Infections at a Tertiary Care Hospital during Pandemic Times: A Laboratory-Based Retrospective Study.

Introduction Intestinal parasitic infections continue to loom in developing countries with low sanitation and socioeconomic conditions. Pandemic times are especially important to study the prevalence of these pathogens since the focus of all healthcare services was coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and time-trend of intestinal parasitic infections in the capital region of India during the pandemic times. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a retrospective review based on data from the past 2 years in the post-COVID-19 pandemic was used. Descriptive and time-trend analyses were applied to the data. Time series analysis was analyzed using the best fit autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to look for seasonality in trends and forecasting. Results A total of 7267 patients' stool samples over a 2-year pandemic period were included in the study. Intestinal parasites were detected in 11.18% (813/7276) patients. Giardia lamblia (2.28%) and Blastocystis hominis (3.78%) were the predominant ones. Time-trend analysis from 2020 to 2021 using ARIMA model predicted an increasing trend with waning of pandemic. The most prevalent infection was found in the monsoon and autumn months. Conclusion Rates of infection with Giardia lamblia and Blastocystis hominis have increased in comparison to other protozoan infections like Entamoeba histolytica when compared with prepandemic hospital-based studies. With fading of the pandemic, further increasing trends are predicted.

Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Vegetables and their Associated Health Risk through the consumption of Vegetables in the National Capital Region, India

Evaluation of the heavy metals concentration in the vegetables growing in the national capital region ofIndia was done in the present study. A total of 96 samples of vegetables were collected from the selectedstudy area during the summer season and were analyzed for heavy metals contamination by atomicabsorption spectrophotometer. The relative abundance of heavy metal (mg/kg) in the vegetable sampleswas in the following order: Fe > Al >Mn> Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni >Pb> Cd > Co with the average concentrationsof 260.26, 149.70, 32.59, 29.10, 17.18, 3.97, 1.45, 1.38, 0.27, and 0.10 respectively. The statistical analysissupported the formation of two primary clusters i.e. Al-Fe-Cr-Ni and Pb-Zn, indicating their commonsource of origin. Most of the vegetable samples exceeded the permissible limit of heavy metals prescribedby the Food and agricultural organization/ World health organization (FAO/WHO) standards. The totaltarget hazard quotient was greater than 1 for all types of vegetables, indicating appreciable health risk dueto the consumption of these vegetables in the study area.

The concept of planetary urbanization applied to India's rural to urban transformation

This paper empirically examines the applicability of the planetary urbanization concept to understand the complexities associated with the rural-to-urban transformation process unfolding in India. It contributes to the rural-urban debate by investigating the role of non-urban spaces – here census towns – in accelerating India's process of urbanization. The Capital Region of India is taken as a study area and a mixed methods approach is used to establish concentrated and extended urbanization as interlinked processes in relation to the growth of census towns.The applied mixed methods approach helps to overcome the critiques of deploying Global North theories, here planetary urbanization, on the Global South context by not only establishing a general pattern and dynamics of growth but also by contextualizing the local characteristics of rural to urban transformation as census towns. The analysis established a dense network of transport and a high level of commuting for work between statutory towns and census towns in the urban periphery and hinterland overcoming the traditional urban and rural divide. This paper makes a methodological and analytical contribution to the concept of planetary urbanization, whereby growth of census towns can be explained as an interlinked process of concentrated, extended and differential urbanization.The political economy analyses established that the differences between statutory and census towns can be traced back to state rescaling and investment policies. In this process, rural areas are rapidly acquiring urban characteristics as census towns and to some extent perform better on socioeconomic and infrastructural aspects compared to statutory towns (official urban areas).

Energy Use and Carbon Footprint for Potable Water Treatment in Haiderpur Water Treatment Plant, Delhi, India

With the advent of the environmentally conscious decision-making period, the carbon footprint of any engineering project becomes an important consideration. Despite this, the carbon footprint associated with water resource projects is often overlooked. Water production, its supply and treatment processes involve significant energy consumption and thus, are source of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) which contribute to global warming. The emissions are not direct but come as a by-product of burning of fossil fuels to produce electricity to carry out these processes. Since water demand is continuous and keeps on rising, the quantification of carbon footprint associated with the water industry is vital. This paper studies and attempts to quantify the carbon footprint of one such urban water system, that is the Haiderpur Water Treatment Plant in Delhi, capital region of India by using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology and evaluate its performance from the point of view of energy consumption and make suggestions.

Exploring the Impact of a Character Strengths Intervention on Well-Being in Indian Classrooms

The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Strengths Gym (Proctor & Fox Eades, in Strengths gym: Year 8, Positive Psychology Research Centre, Pennsylvania, 2009; Proctor et al., in J Posit Psychol, 6:377–388, 2011)—an intervention based on the Values in Action (VIA; Peterson & Seligman in Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004) classification of character strengths among Indian students. Participants in this classroom-based intervention were 121 students from grades 7 and 8 (Age = 11–13 years, M = 11.22 years, SD = 1.61, 53% male) from two schools in the National Capital Region of India. Using quasi-experimental design, participating classrooms in each school were randomized into intervention or control conditions. Intervention group engaged in 24 sessions—one corresponding to each character strength, spread over 12 weeks. All participants completed a questionnaire comprising measures of well-being, life satisfaction, happiness, affect, and self-esteem at pre- and post-test. Participants reported significant gains in happiness, life satisfaction, and positive affect at post-test. Findings suggest promising evidence for character strength interventions among Indian students, while also contributing to research evidence about cross-cultural relevance and validity of an existing intervention. Fostering character strengths and well-being among Indian students emerges as an area of tremendous importance in the face of the stressors and challenges faced by this demographic group in the present times.

An integrated stochastic approach for extreme rainfall analysis in the National Capital Region of India

The National Capital Region of India (NCR Delhi) receives around 26 rainy days with majority of short duration high intensity rainfall events. Yet, the city faces severe waterlogging during south-west monsoon, and shortage of water in other seasons due to rapid urbanization and changing hydrological flow patterns. In an uncertain scenario, where spatiotemporal variability of rainfall at local scale is not very well understood, a location-specific robust model applicable for the megacity through interpretation of parameter estimates will improve understanding of extreme rainfall pattern with duration. Identification of the best-fit statistical model for prediction of short duration extreme events is done and parameters of the model are evaluated for different durations. The study finds that the 2-parameter gamma distribution and 3-parameter generalized extreme value (GEV) predict similar return levels of extreme intensity for short durations and short return periods. The shape parameter in GEV and shape and scale parameters in gamma explain the extreme quantile in the distribution responsible for prediction of high magnitude events. The more generic gamma model is robust and applicable at local scale, with pronounced shape parameter variations across durations (1–11.534, 2–8.264, 3–6.609 h). It is concluded that the knowledge of hourly variation in extreme rainfall events will help in informed decision making in this acutely water-stressed region of the world.

Relationship Between Various Determinants and Dimensions of Financial Literacy Among Working Class

The purpose of this empirical research work was to identify the relationship between various determinants of Financial Literacy among the working class of National Capital Region of India. It was a descriptive study based on the survey of 596 working class respondents. The data has been analyzed by factor analysis, correlation and regressions analysis. Based on the factor analysis, three factors have been found of financial knowledge, three factors of financial behaviour and in a similar manner four factors of financial attitude have been extracted. Further, based on the multiple regression models the contribution of financial attitude has been found highest in explaining the financial literacy and it has been followed by financial behaviour and financial knowledge. It means that both financial attitude and financial behaviour are better estimators of financial literacy in comparison to the financial knowledge. Therefore, the policy makers, financial system regulators and governments should do more efforts to improve the level of financial attitude and financial behaviour in comparison to the financial knowledge to improve the level of financial literacy because significant difference has been found in the level of financial attitude and financial behaviour across some of the demographic factors. The increased financial literacy would be helpful in improving the saving and investment behaviour of the public. This improved level of financial literacy of public will save the required level of capital for the capital formation for the targeted economic growth. Consequently, more employment opportunities will increase the social security in the society. Like every study, this study also have certain limitations like the universe of the study was limited to a particular geographical region i.e. National Capital Region of India, along with time and money constraints. In future similar study can be conducted by changing the target population and geographical area with a bigger sample.

Examining antecedents affecting Indian consumers’ adoption of mobile apps

This research aims to integrate the functional, social, security, and personal dimensions to study mobile app usage antecedents in the Northern Capital Region of India. Convenience sampling was used, and an online survey resulted in 407 valid responses. The measurement and structural models were estimated using PLS-SEM. Perceived usefulness and social influence had no significant impact on usage, implying that contemporary consumers are much more discerning and do not get swayed by the benefits offered or the influence of those around them. The findings show that perceived ease of use had a significant impact on perceived usefulness and attitude formation. Since security is the most important factor determining usage and trust, the industry should have stringent standards to maintain security protocols in every interaction with the user. Also, security concerns need to be allayed, and grievances need to be resolved immediately to gain customer satisfaction and loyalty. Personal innovativeness and lifestyle compatibility are important determinants of attitude and usage. Firms should target mobile apps to students and the active working population who possess innovativeness and for whom mobile apps are compatible with their lifestyle. These users can act as influencers and help in improving their adoption.

Factors affecting placement and hiring decisions: A study of students’ perceptions

This paper assesses students’ perceptions concerning the level of campus placement activities of their higher education institution (HEI) and determines the order of importance of various factors, as perceived by students, relating to employers’ selection criteria. Primary data based on the responses of 621 students in 29 HEIs operating in the National Capital Region of India, were analysed using statistical tools such as average, t-test and Garrett Ranking. The t-test results indicated that students’ perceptions across the five demographics under study were significantly different. Further, the Garrett Ranking method revealed that students perceived performance in the interview as the most important factor affecting their selection or rejection by employers during campus placements. The findings should assist educational institutions in formulating an effective campus placement process and students in preparing for their transition to the labor market. Moreover, companies engaging in campus placements will obtain a better understanding of students’ perceptions regarding their hiring decisions. The major implication of the study is that the gap in perception between students and employers needs to be bridged through collaboration between HEIs and industry.

Perceptions of outdoor gymnasiums in National Capital Region, India: creating active environments for health promotion.

The prevalence of physical inactivity in India is estimated to be at 34%, the highest among South Asian nations. Interventions, such as outdoor gymnasiums/gyms, aiming to promote physical activity, are becoming popular worldwide, including in India. This paper presents the first empirical evidence on outdoor gyms in India from a qualitative perspective. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews of 56 outdoor gym stakeholders-40 users, 10 non-users, 4 healthcare providers and 2 outdoor gym implementing municipality authorities were conducted in the National Capital Region of India. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed through the Framework Method. The qualitative findings present the perceived benefits, barriers/challenges to using and provide insights for further improving and scaling up outdoor gyms in India. Health enhancement in the form of improved general fitness, body weight control and diversification of physical exercise routines, social connectivity, easy accessibility, affordability, green outdoor surroundings, and a place of intrigue and attraction in respective parks were the major reported benefits of outdoor gyms. Low gym equipment to user ratio was one of the major challenges to gym use across the user group. Healthcare providers and non-users were majorly concerned about the potentially incorrect and unsupervised use of outdoor gym equipment. Major suggestions for improvement were increasing the number of equipment installed, regular equipment maintenance, and the presence of an on-site physical exercise trainer. Outdoor gymnasiums present as a viable option for promoting physical activity and should be scaled up systematically to improve the health of the populations across India and other similar nations.

Mental Health Among Orphan and Non-Orphan Adolescents in Delhi-NCR

Mental health is defined as a state of happiness in which each person understands his or her own protentionalof handling challenges of life. A mentally healthy person can work effectively and joyfully and is able tomake an influence on others. Stress coping mechanism largely depends on the upbringing pattern of thefamily. Orphan is a person who has lost both his parents and mostly learn to cope with the issues whileexperiencing life adversity. Aim: of the study is to study the mental health among orphan and non-orphanadolescents.Method: 40 orphan adolescents were selected from the different orphanages of national capital region ofIndia using purposive sampling method, similarly 40 non-orphan adolescents were selected from differentschools. General health questionnaire- 28 was used to measure somatic, anxiety, social dysfunction anddepression.Result: Both the group were found significantly different on somatic (t.= 10.30; p<.001), anxiety (t.= 10.30:p<.001), social dysfunction (t.= 10.30: p<.001) and depression issues (t.= 10.30: p<.001).Conclusion: Study shows that orphans mental health was poor than non-orphan adolescents.

‘Privations’ as a Development Concern: A Study of Two Communities in the National Capital Region of India

Development scholars are tracking a wide range of well-being indices across countries including life expectancy, school enrolment and a wide range of ‘freedoms’ now. Yet, a critical set of ‘privations’ or collective hardships, that undermine general well-being and call for concerted public response, still remain excluded from the mainstream development discourse. This article highlights six sets of major ‘privations’ relevant to development studies based on an extended fieldwork in a village and a slum on Delhi’s periphery. It consists of four sections. The first section elucidates the conceptualisation of ‘privations’, its principal categories and their distinction from related terms such as deprivations, poverty and suffering. The next section explains the multi-method approach used in this study to track ‘privations’ in the studied communities (called Dhantala and Aradhaknagar) through surveys, interviews and group discussions conducted since 1988. The third segment of the article focuses on two specific ‘privations’, namely safety and health risks experienced by studied subjects over the recent decades. The article concludes with reflections on reasons for the neglect of the cited ‘privations’ in dominant development discourses. It offers suggestions for their better coverage in development indices and their mitigation by more concerted government response and civic action, in future.

Development of lean production system using value stream mapping approach: a case study

Intense competition in global market is encouraging management to search for new ways to reduce cost and improve profits. Manufacturing firms are realising that cost reduction through waste elimination can improve their competitive potential. Lean production concepts can be employed for waste elimination. However, managers find it difficult to identify the key areas for waste elimination. The field of lean production has offered value stream mapping (VSM) as a visualisation tool to identify waste elimination opportunities. Using this tool, it is possible to map the current state and accordingly analyse for achieving waste elimination. In order to illustrate this aspect, the case study presented in this paper shows the way the firms can apply VSM for identifying the potential areas for applying this waste elimination technique. The purpose of this research is to examine value stream mapping (VSM) implementation in a gear manufacturing company located in national capital region of India. The case study shows that the production time, inventory and defects can be reduced significantly. Thus, VSM assists the managers to envisage the current level of wastes occurring in an organisation and the future means of eliminating them.

Effect of Occupation and Household Income on the Financial Knowledge of Working Class of National Capital Region of India

Effect of Occupation and Household Income on the Financial Knowledge of Working Class of National Capital Region of India

Electrocution fatalities in the national capital region of India (A retrospective observational analysis of 253 autopsies)

Electrocution fatalities in the national capital region of India (A retrospective observational analysis of 253 autopsies)

Modelling the chemical compositions of municipal solid waste in Ghaziabad City, Uttar Pradesh, India

Ghaziabad is one of the fastest growing, highly urbanised and industrialised metropolitan cities of National Capital Region of India. The waste disposal facilities for Ghaziabad need to be revamped for which proper strategies have to be developed and adopted by the Municipal Corporation of Ghaziabad. Waste-to-energy and compost formation are sustainable solutions for waste disposal practices. In the current study, the chemical characteristics of municipal solid waste of 36 samples from seven different sources in Ghaziabad City have been analysed. The study proposes five predictive regression models based on proximate analysis along with seven regression models based on ultimate analysis in order to reduce cost, time and effort of experimental work. The results indicate that compost formation from waste can be a better option for Ghaziabad City to manage its waste.

Involvement led attitudes towards responsible waste management under Swachh Bharat campaign: a study of government employees working in National Capital Region of India

India (and by extension, Indians) has a notorious reputation of being 'dirty'. Such reputation is both embarrassing, as well as deeply ironic since the father of the nation himself put cleanliness next to Godliness. But despite our failures, successive governments have focused on various aspects of public health, hygiene and sanitation. The present government too has declared a war against unhygienic sanitation through the Swachh Bharat mission (SBM) launched on 2 October 2014. This mission will remain incomplete without creating a behavioural change among the Indian populace as also mentioned in the vision documents of SBM. Studies investigating the impact of the SBM on the attitudes and behaviours of people will help the government and other stakeholders to review and streamline the strategies to achieve the mission. This paper is an attempt to study such attitudes led by involvement in responsible waste management of employees working in government organisations located in the National Capital Region of India regarding the SBM.

Colonial History, Current Numerical Picture of Languages Spoken in Delhi and the National Capital Region of India, and a Look at the Ongoing Language Efforts

Abstract Many languages around the world are becoming endangered and are dying. This phenomenon is seen in India too. The death of a language is not just the loss of a language: it has serious accompanying social implications. The online version of UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger lists 197 Indian languages as being endangered. This number is an interesting coincidence and grim reminder because the 2001 census of India also lists 197 languages as mother tongues in Delhi, many of which are in fact endangered (Moseley 2010). In a type of racial profiling, some communities were singled out by the colonialists in India as criminal tribes. Their identity, language and culture were stigmatized by this labelling and suffered a setback. In recent times there has been a substantial amount of governmental effort to preserve and promote endangered languages in India, but it remains to be seen how effective this will prove to be.

The effect of distance on urban transformation in the Capital Region, India

ABSTRACTBased on the importance of distance as specified by Central Place Theory and New Economic Geography, this paper investigates the distance effect on urban transformation in the Capital Region of India by using spatial data and recently released census data on employment and urban amenities. This study applies a multiple-ring model and identifies a shadow effect for lower-tier settlements at a distance of 50 km and beyond 100 km from the megacity of Delhi. The higher-tier settlements produce 50 km wide shadow on lower-tier settlements, after which latter starts to trigger growth. The population seems to concentrate in the megacity and other million-plus cities in the region to maximize the utility of urban amenities, which are available only in higher-tier centres. The growth of million-plus cities in close proximity to Delhi state is a complementary effect. As the distance from higher-tier settlements increases, employment opportunities and the availability of urban services decrease, thus hindering the growth of the lower-tier settlements in the hierarchy. The paper concludes that traditional spatial decentralization polices have met with limited success and recommends embracing space-based policies to increase the growth potential of lower-tier settlements in the hinterland and to reduce spatial disparities in the region.

Critical analysis of internet banking problems in the national capital region of India

Critical analysis of internet banking problems in the national capital region of India