Farm Capital Research Articles

Peran Gapoktan dalam Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Tanaman Hias (Studi Kasus Gapoktan “Tani Makmur” Kecamatan Tawangmangu Kabupaten Karanganyar)

<p><em>Ornamental plants are cultivated or grown for their aesthetic value, including the beauty of their flowers, leaves, or the entire plant. These plants are commonly found in home gardens or yards. The development of ornamental plant farming requires the role of agricultural institutions. Agricultural institutions play crucial role in modernization of agriculture. This study aims to understand institutional system, the role of agricultural institutions, and the impact of the Tani Makmur Farmer Group Association on ornamental plant farmers in Nglurah Village. This research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach in Nglurah Village. Informants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The study involved 14 informants, including farmers group association stakeholders, agricultural officers, and ornamental plant traders. Validity was ensured through source and method triangulation, and data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman analysis method. The results showed that Nglurah Village has an institutional system that supports the sustainability of ornamental plant farming. Farmers group association in Nglurah Village has procedures, management, and roles. Farmers group association in Tawangmangu Sub-district plays various roles in developing ornamental plant farming, including acting as a liaison between farmer groups and the government, providing farming capital, offering information or facilitation to groups, and establishing partnerships with other business units. These roles have social impacts on farmers, such as improved relationships and harmony, as well as economic impacts, including easier access to capital. There is a need to enhance each institution to ensure that the management system operates more effectively and achieves the goals of the Tani Makmur Farmer Group Association.</em></p>

Relationship of Rice Farming Income with Socio-Economic Characteristics of Farmers

Characteristics are ways of thinking and behavior that characterize each individual to live and work together in a family environment and social community. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between rice farming income and socio-economic characteristics of farmers. The research method used is the survey method. The Data used in this study is the primary data sourced from respondents obtained through interviews using questionnaires, which consists of data on social factors, namely; age of farmers, farmers ' education, farming experience, and the number of family dependents, as well as data on economic factors, namely: land area and farming capital. While the secondary data is research supporting data sourced from the Department of Agriculture and other stakeholders. Determination of the location of the study using purposive sampling method and for sampling of research respondents using simple random sampling method as many as 30 rice farmers. The data analysis used is Pearson Correlation analysis. The results showed that: age has a positive relationship that is not significant with income, level of Education has a positive relationship that is not significant with income, farming experience has a positive relationship that is significant with income, the number of family dependents has a positive relationship that is not significant with income, land area has a positive relationship that is very significant with income, and capital has a positive relationship that is very significant with the income of farmers in rice farming.

Factors affecting coffee farmers’ access to financial institutions: The case of Bandung Regency, Indonesia

Abstract The development of coffee plants in Indonesia shows increasingly rapid growth to meet both domestic and foreign needs. However, certain farmers are yet to fully utilize their cultivation technology and market opportunities by employing post-harvest techniques to enhance value addition, primarily because of limited access to farming capital. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the potential sources of farming capital and determinant factors in choosing farming sources. In this experiment, the population of coffee farmers in the Pangalengan Subdistrict was surveyed. The sampling method was a proportional random sampling technique based on 235 respondents. To answer the first objective, descriptive analysis was used, while logit regression analysis was carried out for the second objective. The results showed that most farmers (54.66%) depended on internal capital, while the rest used external capital such as banks (28.39%), non-banks (1.69%), and non-formal financial institutions (15.25%). Characteristics of informal non-financial institutions, especially unsecured loans, include repayment in the form of coffee or money, with repayment terms typically set at harvest time. Conversely, formal institutions offer loans with an interest rate of 9% per annum, requiring collateral in the form of securities, and repayment is typically made on a monthly or quarterly basis. In short, factors influencing farmers in accessing credit from financial institutions are the farmer’s age, number of coffee trees, distance to financial institutions, coffee farming income, education, and credit payment deadlines.

Quality Analysis of Fresh Milk Based on Specific Gravity Parameters at CV Cita Nasional in Central Java, Indonesia

In maintaining the quality of milk produced, it is necessary to supervise and control quality. One important aspect is controlling the specific gravity value of fresh milk. The specific gravity parameter of fresh milk is one of the determinants of whether the milk can be accepted or rejected as raw material. In addition, it is also a determining factor in determining the selling price of milk. To determine the quality control of the specific gravity of fresh milk, the control chart analysis method is used. The results of the analysis that have been carried out from various KUDs obtained the average specific gravity of fresh milk from Capita Farm KUD which is 1.0295 g / mL; the average specific gravity of fresh milk from KUD Cepogo is 1.0265 g/mL; the average specific gravity of fresh milk from Andini KUD is 1.0266 g/mL; the average specific gravity of fresh milk from Getasan KUD is 1.0268 g/mL, and the average specific gravity of fresh milk from Boyolali Kota KUD is 1.0292 g/mL. The specific gravity value of fresh milk supplied from various KUD can be concluded that the specific gravity value meet the company's quality standards, SNI, and existing literature so it is said that the specific gravity of fresh milk in CV Cita Nasional is in control, and can be accepted as raw material for making pasteurized milk.

Navigating Challenges: Herdsmen-Crop Farmers Conflict and its Effect on Yam Productivity in Benue State

The conflict between herdsmen and crop farmers in Nigeria has significantly impacted the productivity of yam farmers in the Logo Local Government Area of Benue State. The study investigated this conflict's impact on yam farmers' productivity. Data was collected from a structured questionnaire administered to 400 households affected by the conflict. The study found that the conflict negatively impacts the productivity of yam farmers in the Logo Local Government Area. The study reveals that 67.3% of yam farmers in Benue State are male, with a mean age of 35. The majority are married, have an average household size of 11 people, and have a small-scale farm size. Their low education level may contribute to unabated conflict dynamics. The study reveals that herdsmen attacks significantly reduce the productivity of yam farmers in the study area, with a higher number of respondents producing more output before the attacks and a lower number after the attacks. The logit regression model shows that Fulani attacks, attacks by Fulani herdsmen, and technology led to significant deaths in households, reducing the labour force, destroying farmers' inputs, and instilling terror. In conclusion, the study reveals that herdsmen attacks have significantly reduced the productivity of yam farmers in the study area, affecting not only the labour force but also their inputs and livelihoods, highlighting the detrimental impact of conflict-related violence. It was recommended that the government should also provide easy access to finance for farmers affected by this conflict to recover their lost farm capital.

Allocative Efficiency Analysis of Katokkon Chili Production in Tana Toraja and North Toraja Districts

This study aims to measure the allocative efficiency of inputs or production factors in katokkon chili farming with climate-friendly organic farming. This research was conducted in five villages spread across two districts, Tana Toraja and North Toraja, South Sulawesi. This study involved 100 respondents from each village with a census sampling method. The methods used in this study are Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier and allocative efficiency analysis (AEA). The results showed that of the six variables contained in the Cobb-Douglas equation, Land Area (X1), Labor (X2), Compost (X3), Liquid Organic Fertilizer (X4), Vegetable Pesticides (X5), and Farm Capital (X6), only the allocation of farm capital (X6) did not have a significant effect on the production of katokkon chili (Y) in Tana Toraja and North Toraja. Furthermore, the five variables that had a significant effect on the production of katokkon chili were again tested in allocative efficiency analysis, with results showing that the allocative use of Compost, liquid organic fertilizer, and vegetable pesticides was considered efficient or by the usage procedure with the value of NPM / Px = 1. In comparison, the other variables, land area and labor, were allocative, not optimal NPM / Px >1. Hence, increasing land by an average of 72.69 m2 and a workforce of 39.95 HOK was necessary to achieve allocative efficiency.

Farmers’ choice for indigenous practices and implications for climate-smart agriculture in northern Ghana

Smallholder agriculture in Northwestern Ghana continues to suffer the increasing threats of climate change and variability. The extant literature has argued that climate-smart agriculture is the way forward for smallholder farmers to reduce the threats of climate change and variability in agriculture production. However, smallholder farmers continue to rely on indigenous knowledge and practices in their day-to-day agricultural activities. Few studies have explored the rationale and factors that explain smallholder farmers choice of local agriculture practices. This study explored the rationale and factors that explain smallholder farmers' choice of indigenous knowledge and agriculture practices. The mixed research method approach involving both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed for data collection and analysis. A survey, involving 305 household heads, 31 in-depth interviews and 18 focus group discussions were held with key participants for the data. The results showed that smallholder farmers' decisions to adopt indigenous practices for climate change adaptation were influenced by socio-demographic characteristics, access to farm capital, landscape and distance to farms, accessibility and reliability of practices, accessibility and cost of inputs, land tenure, access to extension services, and socio-cultural beliefs. These variables were statistically significant at 5 %. The paper concludes that these factors will continue to limit farmers' ability to adopt climate-smart and other improved agricultural practices. This will aggravate smallholder households’ vulnerability to food insecurity and poverty. It is, therefore, recommended that climate-smart agriculture practices should be framed within the context of the aforementioned factors influencing farmers choice of indigenous farming practices in mainstreaming them into climate-smart agriculture.

Juridical Analysis of Farmer Group Legal Security

Farmers have made a real contribution to agricultural development and rural economic development. to realize food sovereignty, “food self-sufficiency and food security in a sustainable manner, farmers as actors of agricultural development need to be given protection”. The idea of forming a group comes from the fact that each individual cannot fulfil their needs individually as experienced by the less fortunate Panoramic farmer groups so they need support to develop their socio-economic life. The research was conducted as an effort to prove that the counselling activities provided were able to encourage the group. This study uses a legal sociology approach. This research took place in Pamotan Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. Primary data was obtained from observation and direct interviews with informants and data analysis using interactive analysis models. The results of the study found that the Malang district government played a role in the development of panoramic farmer groups by providing counselling and training to members of farmer groups, this phenomenon indicates that the government and stakeholders have participated in carrying out their duties based on the provisions of Article 66 of Law Number 19 of 2013 concerning Protection and Empowerment Farmers, by facilitating farming capital, are proven to have legal protection for the Panoramic Farmer Group. They receive assistance from the government in the form of KUR loan assistance for agricultural operations with small interest and also receive assistance in the form of machinery, transportation equipment and building materials to support the quality of the Panorama Farmer Group's farmer production.

Factors Affecting the Development of Maize (Zea mays L.) Farms in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

The study investigates the factors and conditions that influence the development of maize farming in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. In this study, simple random sampling was used for 120 maize farmers. Observations, interviews, and questionnaires were utilized as data-gathering methods. AMOS 24 software was used for quantitative analysis through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), while Respondent Achievement Level (TCR) criteria were used for statistically descriptive analysis. The results showed that the higher the farmer's education and farming capital, could improve human resources. In contrast, the lower the farmer's farming experience, could reduce the human resource, and the better the human resources could increase the more effective agricultural extension services will be. The factors that influence the development of maize farming in South Sulawesi are farmer education, farming capital, human resources, farmer experience, and the effectiveness of counselling.

Design Model for Empowering Partner Farmers of PT SBI through Design Thinking Approach and Triple Layered BMC

The purpose of this study is to design an empowerment model for shallot farmers who are partners of PT SBI in Brebes Regency to improve their welfare through a mentoring unit as part of PT SBI. The empowerment model was designed using a design thinking approach. First, an Empathy process was conducted through interviews with farmer representatives and a Focus Group Discussion with PT SBI management to map stakeholders and identify the problems. In the Define process, the main problems were concluded: farmer's capital, standardization of shallot production and market development. The idea process was carried out using the Triple-Layered Business Model Canvas (TLBMC) to design a mentoring unit model on the economic, social, and environmental layers. The result of this study is a prototype of the shallot farmer empowerment model through a mentoring unit at PT SBI.

MITIGATING RISKS IN SMALLHOLDER SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR [L.] MOENCH) PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

Risks in agriculture include those related to the production, market, credit, technological, institutional, and human resource sectors; hence, low output in sorghum production is attributable to poor management practices among smallholders in Nigeria. Therefore, this study evaluated sorghum production risks and mitigation measures in small-scale farms in Toro, Bauchi State, Nigeria. Primary data collected via multi-stage sampling from 145 respondents was evaluated utilizing Descriptive Statistics and Adoption Index. The results showed the prevalent sorghum production risks include low farm output (80.7%), post-harvest losses and limited technology (69.7%), flood/drought (61.4%), damage by birds (57.2%) and commodity price volatility (53.8%). Most (98.2%) of the respondents adopted mixed cropping; this practice promotes agro-crop diversity in smallholder farming systems. Other critical mitigation measures include farm enterprise diversification (80.0%), improved technology adoption (72.4%), fertilizer application (67.6%); agrochemical application (55.9%) and improved agronomic practices (51.0%). Additionally, the adoption index of 64.8% of farmers is 0.33 or less; this index of adoption of measures of mitigating production risks was low and relatively inadequate. Furthermore, the major constraints of adoption of measures of mitigating production risks include inadequate capital (94.5%), poor access to agricultural technology and credit (73.1%), cost of adaptation strategy (69.7%) and poor input supply (51.7%). Improved access to agricultural credit and farm capital; adequate input supply and technology transfer, smallholder capacity building, improved extension and financial services; and effective policy modifications are strongly recommended.

Juridical Analysis of Farmer Group Legal Security According to the Decree of the Malang Regent Number 188.45/22/2/KEP/35.07.013/2019

Farmers have made a real contribution to agricultural development and rural economic development. To realize food sovereignty, “food self-sufficiency and food security in a sustainable manner, farmers as actors of agricultural development need to be given protection”. The idea of forming a group comes from the fact that each individual cannot fulfil their needs individually, as experienced by the less fortunate Panoramic farmer groups, so they need support to develop their socio-economic life. The research was conducted as an effort to prove that the counselling activities provided were able to encourage the group. This study uses a legal sociology approach. This research took place in Pamotan Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. Primary data was obtained from observation and direct interviews with informants and data analysis using interactive analysis models. The results of the study found that the Malang district government played a role in the development of panoramic farmer groups by providing counselling and training to members of farmer groups; this phenomenon indicates that the government and stakeholders have participated in carrying out their duties based on the provisions of Article 66 of Law Number 19 of 2013 concerning Protection and Empowerment Farmers, by facilitating farming capital, are proven to have legal protection for the Panoramic Farmer Group. They receive assistance from the government in the form of KUR loan assistance for agricultural operations with small interest and also receive assistance in the form of machinery, transportation equipment and building materials to support the quality of the Panorama Farmer Group's farmer production.

Program EVALUASI PROGRAM CETAK SAWAH BARU DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN DI PROVINSI JAMBI

The fact of the pattern of agricultural land conversion in Jambi Province, changes in the area of food crops are more influenced by economic factors (commodity prices, share of food subsectors) and population growth with a tendency to decline every year. The pattern of agricultural land conversion in Jambi Province is also as a result of the use of cultivated land from food crop land to plantation cropland and the massive expansion of oil palm plantations. The objectives of this study are: Evaluating the implementation of agricultural land expansion through the printing of new rice fields in Jambi Province and Analyzing the sustainability status of the agricultural land expansion program through printing new rice fields in Jambi Province. The results of the evaluation of the rice field printing program in Jambi Province, indicates that the rice field printing program can be implemented as planned. The expansion of the land faced several obstacles. These constraints include limited farm capital, inadequate farming roads and irrigation facilities, insufficient availability of agricultural tools and machinery, market access and locations for expanding distant land and relatively less fertile land and relatively low knowledge and skills of farmers. The results of the MDS analysis, whose analysis includes socio-cultural, economic, ecological, infrastructure and institutional dimensions, show that the rice field printing program in Jambi Province is included in the status of being quite sustainable with a sustainability index value of 52.94. Sustainability status of new rice field printing program It only achieves so because the economic, infrastructure and institutional dimensions are relatively low and fall into the category of less, which is less than 50. Meanwhile, ecological and socio-cultural aspects are the highest index values and are included in the sufficient category. The policy implications that can be taken are as follows: Infrastructure development policies in the form of agricultural business road construction, construction / rehabilitation of tertiary irrigation network facilities, drainage of water discharge and irrigation of sluice circulation and meeting the needs of agricultural tools and machinery (Rice threshing machines, rice plow tractors, three-wheeled vehicles), Optimizing rice paddy farming through Paddy plow tractors, three-wheeled vehicles), Optimizing paddy rice farming through a) increasing productivity by improving varieties, improving cultivation technology and conserving land and water resources; b) increasing the rice paddy planting index by building and expanding the reach of irrigation networks and utilizing water resources optimally, and c) increasing the efficiency of farming through optimal utilization of local resources.

Efficiency of Resource Use in Rainfed Maize Production System by Small-Scale Farmers in Central Agricultural Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria

The study determined resource use efficiency in maize crop production by small-scale farmers in the Central Agricultural Zone of Cross River State Nigeria. It specifically examined the allocative efficiency of resources used by small-scale farmers in rainfed maize production in the area. Primary data were used to conduct the study. Statistical tools employed were multiple regression analysis and allocative efficiency index (AEI). The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that the variables of farm size (x1), farm capital (x3), fertilizer (x4), farm credit (x6), extension service (x7), seeds planted (x8) had a positive relationship with the output of maize. The allocative efficiency index (AEI) of the various productive resources showed that farm size (x1), fertilizer (x3), and herbicides (x5) were found to be underutilized since their allocative efficiency index (AEI) was greater than one (1) and their marginal value product (MVP) were greater than their marginal factor cost (MFC) while Labour(x2) was over-utilized as the allocative efficiency index (AEI) was less than one (1). Based on these findings, the following recommendations were made; maize farmers should improve their use of productive resources such as land, capital, fertilizers, herbicide and seeds. Labour factor should be maximally utilized to create a favourable return to a unit of man day employed in maize production in the area.

Potensi dan Strategi Pengembangan Peternakan Sapi Potong di Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Provinsi Riau

In the context of developing beef cattle, it is necessary to look at the existing potential and the strategies used. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential for beef cattle development in the district of Rokan upstream and to formulate a development strategy in the future. This research is descriptive qualitative, the data used are primary data and secondary data through interviews and direct observation. This research was carried out in three stages. Stage one; Identification and analysis of beef cattle development potential. Stage two; Analysis of beef cattle business in the central area. The third stage is formulating a strategy. To formulate a strategy using a SWOT analysis followed by a QSPM analysis in determining the priority of beef cattle development strategies. The results showed that there were seven sub-districts that became the basis for the development of beef cattle, namely: Bangun ancient sub-districts, Kecepatan upstream, Rambah samo, Rambah downstream, Rokan IV Koto, Pendalian IV Koto, Tandun and Pagaran tapah. The value of the capacity for increasing the population of ruminant livestock (KPPTR) is 33,724,02 ST. The priority strategies in beef cattle development are 1) Determination of livestock areas through regional regulations, 2) Encouraging groups to develop livestock nurseries, 3) Encouraging the growth of financial institutions to increase farmer capital, 4) Improving the marketing system, 5) Improving livestock breeding, 6) Livestock development with an integrated system, 7) Land optimization, 8) Encouraging the growth of financial institutions, 9) Conducting farmer training, 10) Increasing farmer's capital, 11) Group counseling and 12) Group development in beef cattle business efficiency.

Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension on Paddy Rice Farmer’s Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Agricultural extension workers play an essential role in the productivity of agricultural systems. Based on the actual conditions in the field, it can be seen that the level of extension services still needs to be higher due to a lack of human resources in the field of extension services. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of agricultural extension services andthe factors that influence the effectiveness of agricultural extension to farmers in Baubau City, Indonesia. The analytical method includes exogenous latent variables: human resources, technological progress, farming capital, farmer age, education, and farming experience. The effectiveness of agricultural extension is used as an endogenous latent variable. The research sample consisted of 110 rice farmers in Baubau City, and the Slovin formula was used to calculate the sample. The data collection for this research was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents, in-depth interviews, and direct observation in the city of Baubau. Using the AMOS application, quantitative analysis was carried out through structural equation modeling (SEM). The study results show that: (1) The factors that influence the effectiveness of agricultural extension in Baubau City are farming capital, farmer age, education, farming experience, and human resources, and (2) the influence of these factors on the effectiveness of agricultural extension is as follows: if the farming capital is high, human resources can be increased. In addition, the higher the farmer’s age, the lower the need for human resources. It is also noted that higher farmer education contributes to increased human capital, and increased experience in farming is associated with increased human capital. Thus, an increase in human resources will increase the effectiveness of agricultural extension. Significant factors that influence the effectiveness of agricultural extension in Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi, are farming capital, farmer age, education, farming experience, and human resources.

PENGEMBANGAN KOMODITAS KOPI MELALUI PENGUATAN KAPASITAS TEKNIS DAN MANAJERIAL PETANI DI DESA KURRAK

Kurrak Village Tapango District Polewali Mandar Regency has topography that met the criteria of the environmental requirements for growing Arabica and Robusta Coffee. Efforts to develop coffee commodities in Kurrak Village confronted by various problems, so that it requires the role and support of various institutions, both government, educational institutions and private institutions. Problems with coffee development range from the on-farm sector to the off-farm sector. The problems faced by farmers were the low knowledge of farmers in the technical application of good coffee cultivation and the low level of knowledge of farmer families in managing farming finances thus resulting in lack of farming capital of the farmers. This community empowerment through the Hadji Kalla Foundation's CSR program aimed to provide improvements to the on-farm sector in increasing farmer capacity, changing mindsets and increasing farming managerial capabilities. Empowerment methods used were counseling and mentoring. The results achieved were that farming families in Kurrak Village had sufficient capacity to apply Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) to coffee cultivation techniques and had knowledge of financial management in plantation farming, especially coffee plants.

RISIKO USAHATANI UBI ALABIO (DIOSCOREA ALATA L.) DI DESA SUNGAI AMBANGAH KECAMATAN SUNGAI RAYA KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA

Alabio sweet potato (Dioscorea alata L.) is a palawija crop that has potential for alternative food. Risk is the possibility of loss arising from conditions beyond the farmer's control. This study aims to identify the risk level of Alabio sweet potato (Dioscorea alata L.) farming and formulate efforts to reduce the risk of Alabio sweet potato (Dioscorea alata L.) farming. Respondents were 25 farmers of Alabio sweet potato (Dioscorea alata L.) in Sungai Ambangah Village, Sungai Raya District, Kubu Raya Regency. The analytical tool used is the Coefficient of Variation Analysis to measure the level of risk faced by farmers and the Fishbone Diagram to identify problems to find solutions. The results of this study are that the level of production risk and the level of income risk have a coefficient of variation (CV) > 0.5, meaning that the risks faced by farmers are large. The sources of risks that occur are high rainfall, plant pests and diseases, fluctuating input prices, inactive agricultural extension assistance, limited farming capital and no farmer groups.

ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY AND CUCUMBER PRODUCTIVITY AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS

In the tropics, cucumber is a popular vegetable to grow; and as such it becomes imperative to evaluate the levels of farm productivity, given that agricultural productivity has a linear relationship with overall farm profitability. Therefore, this study analyzed profitability and cucumber productivity among smallholders in Jos-South, Plateau State, Nigeria. For this study, 115 respondents were selected using a multistage sampling method. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting and total factor productivity techniques. The estimated gross and net farm incomes were respectively ₦204,000 and ₦95,200 per hectare; indicating a venture that has the potential to improve economic prospects and is relatively profitable. Additionally, the benefit-cost ratio and profit margin were estimated to be 0.88 and 46.7%, respectively. In addition, the majority of cucumber farmers (51.3%), whose TFP indices were below the optimal scale, were producing sub-optimally; due to an inefficient mix of inputs and the high cost of factors of production. Further, the following were barriers to cucumber production in the area under study: inadequate capital (93.9%); inadequate input supply (78.2%); labour cost (75.7%); limited access to microcredit (70.6%); lack of improved technology (67.8%); limited extension contact (53.9%); fragmented farm holdings (50.4%); and pest and disease outbreaks (43.5%). Therefore, this study recommends improved access to agricultural credit and farm capital; improved cooperative activities, input supply and subsidies, policy modifications, development and adoption of agricultural production technology, improved extension service delivery and farmer sensitization.

The Effect of People Business Credit (KUR) on Rice Field Business Income in Tinanggea District

Lack of capital in farming can lead to a lack of input, causing a risk of failure or low production. The problem regarding the lack of capital is faced by farmers so that to achieve progress in farming usually takes a very long time. Therefore, farmers in Lanowulu Village and Roraya Village take credit to increase farming capital. This study aims to determine the difference in lowland rice farming income before and after receiving KUR and to determine the effect of KUR on farm income in Tinanggea District, South Konawe Regency. The population in this study were all 60 farmers in Lanowulu Village and Roraya Village who received KUR. Sampling was carried out using a non-probability sampling method, namely through the saturated sampling method (census), where the entire population was sampled. Analysis of the data used is the T-Test test to determine the difference in income before and after receiving KUR and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the effect of KUR on rice farming income after receiving KUR. The results showed that there were differences in the income of lowland rice farming before receiving KUR and after receiving KUR. Farming income after receiving KUR with a significance value of 0.000. People's Business Credit (credit amount, credit usage, credit installment) has a significant effect on farm income in Tinanggea District, South Konawe Regency.