Capita Consumption Of Electricity Research Articles

Efficient use of solar energy

This paper is mainly about the use of solar energy in life to make a summary, and how to improve the utilization of these aspects to make suggestions. Sunlight transmits electricity to the earth all the time. If the total radiation power from sunlight to the earth is converted into power generation power, it can reach 1.77× kW, which is several hundred million times larger than the current global per capita consumption of electricity. There are not only a lot of sunlight, but also all green energy sources from sunlight, such as wind energy, tidal energy, microbial energy, hydraulic energy, etc., all belong to renewable energy sources. As long as there is sunlight, renewable energy sources are as constant as sunlight. In the process of the efficient development and utilization of solar energy, the photovoltaic utilization of nuclear energy has become the fastest progress around the whole world in recent years, the most vitality of the scientific research field.

Environmental Issues and Challenges for Coal/Lignite based Thermal Power Plants and Mitigation Measures

The world is undergoing a massive energy transition. Over the next decades, there will be radical changes in the way we produce and consume energy. The conventional energy infrastructure being set up now would be abandoned ever before their economic life is over. A quarter of India’s population have no access to electricity and our per capita consumption of electricity is very low at almost one third of world average with millions getting power a few hours a day. Surprisingly the plant load factor (PLF) for thermal power plant have steadily declined over the last four years and was only 63.6% in Sep. 2015. Breakthrough in solar plant technology posed a challenge for fossil fuel based thermal power plants. In April 2017, the tariff of utility connected large solar power projects in India hit a record low of Rs.3/kWh. This is the same as the average tariff of coal based power. At this tariff, solar plants are cheaper than a large number of new and old coal fired power plants in India.Stringent pollution norms add to the cost of generation of thermal power. Several projects in the power sector have become unviable on account of states like Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka have either cancelled the power purchase agreement or reworking on them. Few more states may follow in cancellation of power purchase agreement (PPA). Distribution Companies (DISCOMS) are reluctant to sign PPA because of high tariff, demand uncertainties, long duration of PPA and need to take the responsibility of fixed charges for the life of PPA. This will lead to creation of non-performing asset (NPA) worth Rs.1.5 lakh crores and to the extent the bank loans will be at risk.Some mitigation measures are suggested to meet the challenges in operation of coal/lignite based thermal power plants.

A comparative analysis of the carbon dioxide emissions-energy profile in Kuwait: status quo versus 2030

Kuwait is among the leading countries globally in terms of its per capita consumption of electricity and water based on the energy outlook report released in 2019. In Kuwait, the CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions rates have increased from the energy sector due to the burning of significant amounts of fossil fuels to meet the demands of electricity generation and water supply. Under these circumstances, the demanding analysis methodology to forecasting CO2 emissions from the energy sector, the per capita energy consumption and CO2 emissions were 8.9 toe per capita and 21.1 tonnes of CO2-eq emissions per capita, respectively. This paper aims to quantify a comparative analysis model and estimate an numeric magnitude for current and forecasting 2030 CO2 production totals from Kuwait's energy sector and its impact on average atmospheric temperature and energy production. The aggregate carbon intensity (ACI) was used as an indicator to evaluate the current energy situation and predict a model for Kuwait's CO2 emissions situation and identify how the energy demand and supply might evolve by 2030. The CO2 emissions for 2030 and the electricity consumption trend were assumed to be the 'business-as-usual' model using 2nd set of Fuel Analysis USEPA, with five fuel blend scenarios used as the energy sector's predicted fuel blends. The results found that the total CO2 emissions from the energy sector and the ACI of Kuwait in 2016 were 48.6 MtCO2 and 0.69 kgCO2/kWhr, respectively. The 2030 estimations indicated that using an 80% natural gas – 20% gas oil fuel blend in energy production resulted in CO2 emissions of approximately 66 MtCO2, with an ACI of 0.45 kgCO2/kW-hr. The CO2 offset from upcoming renewable energy projects is projected to be approximately 13%.

Statistical Analysis of Trends in Electricity Consumption with Reference to Uttarakhand

Electricity consumption indicates countries growth and development. The aim of the paper is to study the trend of per capita consumption of electricity in Uttarakhand during the years 2011 to 2019. The regression techniques with linear regression, quadratic regression and exponential regression were used to carry analysis and to examine trends between number of years and per capita consumption of electricity in kwh (kilowatt hours). The present study suggests the best fit model by comparing R square, adjusted R square and residual means square error (RMSE). The finding suggests that the quadratic regression model is the best fit model for per capita consumption of electricity with R square (coefficient of determination) of 0.95 for forecasting of electricity consumption per capita in Uttarakhand. This will support policy makers and related sectors in order to meet the growing demand of electricity consumption of Uttarakhand.

Performance Analysis of a Conventional and Renewable Energy based Electric Power Generation Systems – A Comparative LCA Study

Electricity, a readily usable form of energy is much in demand in developing countries like India due to the increase in human population and their improved lifestyles. One of the criteria to achieve the developed country tag is per capita consumption of electricity. It means that all developed countries have energy-intensive economies. With climate change effects are coming into fore, countries started scrutinizing the sources of energy and electricity too. Resource intensive traditional or conventional sources of energy with matured technologies on one side and alternative energy technologies that include renewable with developed or yet to fully developed technologies on the other side are competing for electricity pie in almost in every country. This study adopts the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to determine the energy efficiency and environmental impact assessment of two competing electric power generation systems, one based on conventional energy source and another one based on the renewable energy source. It is a common knowledge that renewable systems have better energy efficiency as they do not consume fuel energy as input and also have lower carbon emissions. This study projects what extent they are better for a unit of electricity produced by both competing systems in terms of predefined metrics such as ERR/EPBT, GWP and GWMP in terms of CO2 equivalents and Green Rating for comparative purposes. The study results may be useful for policymakers as a component in the comprehensive decision-making process for energy planning to meet the future human need or greed for electricity with sustainability and also to achieve circular economy goals.

Assessing the Disparities of Per-capita Electricity Consumption in North-Eastern States of India Using Gini Index and Lorenz Curve

Electricity is the basic need for individuals, households and industries. It is used for everyday life activities by the households, agricultural activities, commercial buildings and industries. The per capita electricity consumption is a proxy indicator growth and development status of a region. All the north eastern states consume per-capita electricity lesser than the national average except Sikkim. The per capita consumption of electricity by Nagaland, Assam and Manipur is nearly just one-third of the national average. Notably, these three north eastern states consume just 40 percent of per capita electricity compared to the highest consumer state Meghalaya. The present study is an evaluation of the per-capita electricity consumption trend and inequality amongst the north-eastern states of India using Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve for two different time periods i.e. 2007 and 2017. We find that Tripura’s annual linear growth rate of per-capita electricity consumption is the highest (3 percent) while that of Meghalaya is the least (1 percent) and the other five states are growing equally at the rate of 2 percent. The Gini coefficient is found to be decreasing from 0.137 in 2007 to 0.122 in 2017. We conclude that the level of inequality is reducing among north eastern states of India though the per-capita consumption of electricity is less than the national average.

Impact of building characteristics and occupants’ behaviour on the electricity consumption of households in Abu Dhabi (UAE)

The per capita consumption of electricity in Abu Dhabi is one of the highest in the world. Air cooling (AC) in the residential sector is responsible for much of this consumption. A preliminary energy survey of 36 residential units (18 villas and 18 flats) was carried out in Abu Dhabi, followed by a more detailed energy audit of 15 villas owned and occupied by Emirati citizens. The mean per capita use of electricity in villas was 16,874±4421kWh/ca/yr and the mean energy intensity was 349.1±102.6kWh/m2. AC and domestic water heating (DWH) systems operate 24h/day in most rooms of 12 villas, including times of no occupancy, and at least 9–14h/day in most rooms of the other three dwellings. Building characteristics of the villas audited do not meet minimum Estidama Pearl 1 requirements, and their orientation often maximizes exposure to solar radiation. Model simulations provided estimates of the large energy savings achievable by increasing the AC thermostat temperature to 24°C, by switching off AC and DWH when these are not needed and by retrofitting villas with roof insulation. These results highlight the importance of occupants’ behaviour for energy conservation in the residential sector of Abu Dhabi.

Distribution Functions to Describe the Variation of the Present per Capita Electricity Consumption in India and Future Needs with Respect to the Population

The present mean annual per capita consumption of electricity in India is only around 800 to 900 kWh. This is a low value and it is accepted that it will have to increase in the future to a mean value which could range from 1840 to 4000 kWh. This article is concerned with an aspect which has not received attention so far, viz. the nature of distribution of the consumption around the mean with respect to the population. Since no direct data are available, an attempt is made to deduce the present distribution in India from data available for the world as a whole. It is shown that the present variation can be approximated to be a Poisson-like Weibull distribution which is highly inequitable. The study also suggests a distribution for the future in which not only is the mean annual per capita value higher, but the variation can be approximated by a Gaussian-like Weibull distribution which is more equitable.

Impact of socio-economic factors on deforestation rate: cross country analysis

Global warming has paved the way to bringing countries of the world together to find a suitable solution for environment related problems. With rapid industrialisation, the countries of the world are facing problems of environmental degradation. One of them is the deforestation rate (DR). It is a matter of concern for all the countries of the world to protect their environment and become economically strong and grow. This paper is relevant as it considers the trade-off between DR (measure of environmental degradation) and various social and economic factors (measure of economic development) among countries. The findings show that the DR is not uniform amongst developed countries (DCs) and less developed countries (LDCs). Further it provides that per capita consumption of electricity (PCCE), per capita consumption of electricity square (PCCE2), average fresh water withdrawal, percentage of forest area and population growth are the factors affecting forest degradation across nations. The relationship betwee...