Capillary Resistance Test Research Articles

Von Willebrand disease biology

*Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, C2-R Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LeidenUniversity Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, HammersmithHospital Campus, London;§INSERM U770, Cedex, France; and –Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, QueensUniversity, Kingston, ON, Canada

Vitamin C treatment reduces transcapillary escape rate of albumin in type 1 diabetes

Background Latent tissue scurvy in clinical and experimental ascorbic acid (AA) deficiency resembles diabetic microangiopathy as reflected in capillary hyperperfusion and increased transcapillary escape rate (TER), von Willebrand factor (vWf), and capillary fragility (CF). We aimed to investigate the possible clinical impact of the low plasma AA level observed in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods Twenty normoalbuminuric patients with retinopathy were included in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 6-month study with AA (6 g/day; n=10, mean age±S.D. 35.3±8.5 years, diabetes duration 17.2±3.3 years) or placebo ( n=10; mean age 37.8±6.6 years, diabetes duration 18.4±1.7 years). Results An inverse correlation between log plasma AA (HPLC method) and TER of 125I-labelled albumin was found ( r=−0.66, p=0.002). TER decreased in the AA-treated group from 6.8±1.0 to 5.4±1.5%/h compared to the unchanged placebo group (from 5.6±1.5 to 5.9±1.1%/h; p=0.031). The CF (capillary resistance test) decreased in the AA group compared to the placebo group ( p=0.028), while vWf, fibrinogen and fibronectin levels, and glomerular filtration rate (clearance of 125I-iothalamate) remained unchanged. Conclusions The results suggest that a low plasma AA level might be associated (pathogenetic?) with development of microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus and points to a possible treatment modality.

Pharmacodynamic Study of the Capillaries of Normal and Allergic (Atopic) Subjects

Using the capillary resistance test as a method to study the cutaneous microvessels, a number of capillary active agents were investigated by applying them percutaneously in hydrophylic ointment base to manifestly allergic and definitely non-allergic volunteers. While the catecholamines and heparin increased capillary resistance in both allergic and non-allergic groups, metacholine, serotonin, the somatotropic hormone and nitroglycerin either did not change or decreased capillary resistance in the normal group and invariably increased it in the members of the allergic group. The effects of catecholamines were, completely or partially, blocked in the normal group by pretreatment of the skin with dibenzyline or propranolol. In the members of the allergic group, blockade was often weak or absent indicating some derangement in the adrenergic receptors. The significance of the findings is discussed.

STUDIES IN HYPERTENSION, WITH SPECIAL REFERNCES TO COLD PRESSOR AND CAPILLARY RESISTANCE TESTS

In order to find a special risk group among hypertensjve snbjects borh cotd Ptessor and capillary resistance tests have heen described in normal and hypertensive subjects. The cap illaryresistance has been shown to decrease with age in males. The level of resistancdiseas in fema-les was considered to have closer associations with room temperature, allergic esand bopy-build. The cold Pressor test also revelaed similar associations with painful sensation on immensing a hand in waters at 4 degrees centigrade and habitual exposure to cold stlmuius in daily life.Although in cole prdsser test the incidence of hypertensive subjects was lowest in normodeaotors, relative high incidence of hypertensive subjects was found in hyporeactors and lower resistance group, particularly in males. In females the capillary resistance test was considered to have lesser significance than in males, and the hyperreactor or hyporeactor had more association with the incidence of hypertensive subjects.

Correlation between chemical constitution and capillary activity of adrenalocortical hormones.

Summary1. To be able to increase capillary resistance a steroid must possess the same chemical structural prerequisites as required for anti-inflammatory properties. 2. Alterations in cortisone molecule which potentiate its anti-inflammatory activity also increase capillary activity. 3. It seems that capillary activity, as measured by the capillary resistance test, is intimately related with the mechanism involved in the anti-inflammatory effect. 4. Capillary resistance test on adrenalectomized rat is proposed as a new bio-assay method for the demonstration of the anti-inflammatory activity of corticoids.For compounds investigated we are indebted to the research departments of the following firms: Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Merck and Co., Parke, Davis and Co., Sharp and Dohme, Schering Corp., and E. R. Squibb and Sons.

Aplastic anaemia and severe hepatic zonal necrosis after anti-syphilitic treatment.

A married man aged 53 reported to the venereal diseases clinic in March, 1949, when he was found to have syphilis with an early secondary rash. A penile sore was present, and the Wassermann reaction was strongly positive. Treatment with Stabilarsan and bismuth was begun, and he received a total of 16-2 g. of the former, and 5 7 g. of the latter (a normal course) between March, 1949, and January, 1950, when he was given his last injection. About December, 1949, he had begun to complain of lassitude and anorexia, and in January, 1950, he became increasingly pale and dyspnoeic on exertion. On March 18, 1950, he was admitted to Darlington Memorial Hospital in an extremely pale and semi-comatose condition with temperature 98 0° F., pulse 120, and respiration 30. No icterus was present. There was a good deal of dental caries and pyorrhoea together with a severe stomatitis and gingivitis. In addition, a bluish-grey line was visible near the gum margins, and there were small patches of similar pigmentation on the mucous membrane of the cheeks. There was a moderate degree of sacral but no ankle oedema, and the neck veins were distended. No cutaneous or retinal haemorrhages were visible, and there was no enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. The liver could be felt, firm and smooth, with a regular edge, 4 cm. below the costal margin, but the spleen was not palpable. No cardiac enlargement could be made out clinically; there was a soft apical systolic murmur, and many crepitations were heard at the lung bases. The blood pressure was 110/80. The capillary resistance test was positive. The urine contained a trace of albumin. On admission, haemoglobin was 16 per cent. (14 g. = 100 per cent.); red blood cells 730,000 per c.mm., white blood cells 7250 per c.mm. (polymorphonuclear * Received for publication October 6 1953. leucocytes 74 per cent., lymphocytes 25 per cent., monocytes 1 per cent.), platelets 208,000 per c.mm. A stained film showed the red cells to be normal in size, shape, and staining. No primitive cells were seen. Treatment with penicillin and iron was commenced, and packed cells from three pints of blood were given slowly during the first 2 days, the haemoglobin rising to 48 per cent. on March 21, 1950. Intramuscular injections of B.A L. (2,3 dimercaptopropanol) were started on March 19, 1950 (2 ml. intramuscularly four times on the first day, twice daily for 4 days, and then daily for 2 days). The general condition of the patient improved rapidly, although he was for some days very confused and required sedation with paraldehyde. By March 31, the oral sepsis had largely disappeared, though the pigmentation persisted. After the first day there was no albuminuria, and the specific gravity of the urine rose on occasions to 1,020. Sternal puncture was performed on March 21, the count on films made from the aspirated marrow being as in Table I. Radiography on March 27, 1950, showed generalized enlargement of the heart and

Capillary resistance test: a simple negative-pressure method.

Capillary resistance test: a simple negative-pressure method.

THE MECHANISM OF PETECHIAL HEMORRHAGE FORMATION

Abstract 1. The capillary resistance test has been studied by a special technic of capillary microscopy. 2. Seventeen cases of hemorrhagic diseases of differing etiology have been thus studied. 3. The site of capillary hemorrhage has been localized to the arteriolar end of the capillary loop. 4. Selective damage to the arteriolar-capillary junction will explain many types of hemorrhagic syndromes.

Les Tests Hémogéniques Chez le Sujet Normal

SummaryBleeding time, clotting time and capillary resistance test have been studied in 100 normal people.1° As far as our Belgian people are concerned and with the technical conditions described, positivity of the capillary resistance test has to be considered far above the values generally admitted as normal : 45 % of normal subjects have more than 10 petechial spots, 8 % of them more than 80. Differences in the size of the spots are more significative than differences in number.2° Results obtained in the determination of bleeding time are in the limits generally considered as normal (96 % of the results are between 1 and 3 minutes).3° Clotting time is appreciated by the moment at which the first fine thread of fibrin appears on a paraffined slide in the first drop of blood collected from the finger. If temperature is maintained between 18° and 20° this time does not exceed 16 minutes; in the second or third drop of blood this time is 14 minutes. On non paraffined slides these limits are reduced to 13 mi...

Unusual Bone Lesions in an Infant, Probably Osteitis Tuberculosa Multiplex Cystoides

The following case, in a Chinese infant, is reported because of peculiar lesions of uncertain etiology involving many bones of both hands and forearms. It terminated in complete recovery without special treatment except for a liberal addition of oranges to the diet. Case Report J. Y., Chinese male, was born at full term, the second child of a family of four. He was weaned at the age of four months and received thereafter a diet composed mainly of sterilized cow's milk and flour paste. Orange and tomato juice were added after the age of three months but were not available when the infant was nine months old. By the end of November 1939, at the age of eleven months, some swelling of the left middle finger, thought to be chilblains, was noticed. In addition, the child was likely to cry when handled, caught cold easily, was fretful, and slept poorly. At about the same time, there was an attack of fever accompanied by moderate swelling of the right submaxillary region, which lasted for two weeks. The left middle finger subsequently became more swollen and tender, but with no signs of infection, and a month later the right middle finger and the dorsum of the right hand also became swollen. The patient was then brought to the hospital for observation, at the age of fourteen months. The infant was well developed and well nourished. The skin and mucous membranes were pale. The teeth and gums were in good condition There was no jaundice, nor were petechiae or signs of bleeding anywhere discoverable. The heart and lungs appeared normal. The liver was not enlarged. The spleen was just palpable. There was firm swelling of the left second and third fingers, right middle finger, and dorsum of the right hand. There was no adenopathy. The red cell Count was 3,900,000; white cell count 12,750 (polymorphonuclears 40 per cent, lymphocytes 50 per cent, monocytes 7 per cent, eosinophils 3 per cent). The blood platelet count was 130,000 per c.mm. Kahn and Ring tests were negative, and the stools were negative for blood and ova. The first x-ray examination of the left hand (Fig. 1), on Feb. 16, 1940, two and a half months after the onset of symptoms, showed some widening of the shaft of the proximal phalanx of the third finger with a few tiny punched-out areas of rarefaction distally. The outline of the distal two-thirds of the same bone seemed slightly irregular. The middle phalanx of the same finger and the proximal phalanx of the fourth finger appeared slightly expanded. The x-ray diagnosis was indeterminate. Because of probable lack of vitamin C in the diet, and in view of some of the clinical signs and symptoms, the possibility of infantile scurvy was entertained. This suspicion was subsequently strengthened by a strongly positive capillary resistance test and the presence of many red blood cells in the urine. It was then decided to increase the vitamin C intake through the addition to the diet of three or four locally grown oranges daily.

THE RESPONSE TO THE FEEDING OF CEVITAMIC ACID IN NORMAL AND DEFICIENT SUBJECTS AS MEASURED BY A VITAMIN C EXCRETORY TEST

Article1 May 1938THE RESPONSE TO THE FEEDING OF CEVITAMIC ACID IN NORMAL AND DEFICIENT SUBJECTS AS MEASURED BY A VITAMIN C EXCRETORY TESTELAINE P. RALLI, F. A. C. P., GERALD J. FRIEDMANELAINE P. RALLI, F. A. C. P.Search for more papers by this author, GERALD J. FRIEDMANSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-11-11-1996 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe criterion for the diagnosis of scurvy had been, until recently, the appearance of the symptoms of scurvy. As a result of the experimental work in vitamin C, three new diagnostic procedures have now come into use: the capillary resistance test, the concentration of vitamin C in the blood and the urinary excretion of vitamin C.1, 2, 3, 4, 5There is still some controversy as to the value of capillary resistance tests as an index of vitamin C deficiency. We have studied the capillary resistance of 25 young normal adults by the Dalldorf method5and found no definite relation...Bibliography1. ABBASYHARRISRAYNARRACK MALJSNJR: Diagnosis of vitamin C subnutrition by urine analysis, Lancet, 1935, xxv, 1399. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. HAWLEYSTEPHENSANDERSON EEDJG: The excretion of vitamin C in normal individuals, Jr. Nutr., 1936, xi, 135. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. HAWLEYSTEPHENS EEDJ: Rate of urinary excretion of test doses of ascorbic acid, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1936, xxxiv, 854. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. FARMERABT CJAF: Ascorbic acid content of the blood, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1935, xxxii, 1625. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. DALDORF G: A sensitive test for subclinical scurvy in man, Am. Jr. Dis. Child., 1933, xlvi, 794. Google Scholar6. ANDERSONHAWLEYSTEPHENS GKEEDJ: Capillary fragility and vitamin C, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1936, xxxiv, 778. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. RALLIFRIEDMANKASLOW EPGJM: An excretory test for vitamin C deficiency and subnutrition, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1937, xxxvi, 52. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. BIRCHHARRISRAY TWLJSM: A microchemical method for determining the hexuronic acid (vitamin C) content of foodstuffs, Biochem. Jr., 1933, xxvii, 590. Google Scholar9. WRIGHT IS: The present status of the clinical use of cevitamic acid, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1936, cxcii, 719. CrossrefGoogle Scholar10. HAWLEYFRAZERBULTONSTEPHENS EEJLDJ: The effect of ingestion of acid and alkali upon amount of vitamin C found in urine, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1936, xxxiv, 218. CrossrefGoogle Scholar11. YOUMANSCORLETTEAKEROYDFRANK JBMBJHH: Studies on vitamin C excretion and saturation, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1936, cxci, 319. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Received for publication July 30, 1937.From The Laboratories of the Department of Medicine, New York University College of Medicine and the Third (New York University) Medical Division, Bellevue Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1938Volume 11, Issue 11Page: 1996-2006KeywordsAttentionCapillariesExcretionHematologic testsHospital medicineVitamin CYoung adults Issue Published: 1 May 1938 PDF downloadLoading ...

Onyalai: A review

1. 1. The nomenclature and previous literature relating to onyalai and allied diseases are briefly reviewed. 2. 2. The aetiology and clinical features of onyalai are discussed. 3. 3. The treatment of the disease is reviewed and an account given of Morris's method of treating the condition by intramuscular injections of whole blood from a healthy donor. 4. 4. Prognosis is discussed and is shown to depend to a great extent on prompt treatment with whole-blood injections. No definite statement can be made on the question of relapses and recurrences. 5. 5. A general account of the postmortem findings in onyalai is given. 6. 6. The laboratory findings are discussed, the important points being ( a) thrombocytopenia, ( b) prolonged bleeding time, ( c) normal coagulation time, ( d) a positive capillary resistance test. 7. 7. The suggestion is made, based on laboratory and clinical findings, that onyalai is an acute form of essential thrombocytopenia due to defective maturation of the megakaryocytes of the marrow with an associated modification of the capillary endothelium as a contributory cause in the production of the haemorthagic bullae.

A capillary resistance test and its relation tovitamins C and D

Summary The capillary resistance method of Dalldorf has been applied to anumber of normal individuals and a great variation in their responses found. Young children tend to have a higher resistance than older children or adults. No improvement in the capillary resistance following administration of tomato juice was observed in a group of eighty adults. These were in an institution, their diet was well controlled, and it was one low in vitamin C. Several children suffering from scurvy or known to have had no source of vitamin C for weeks were found to have normal resistances. In ten of eleven subjects viosterol in moderate doses or irradiation with an ultraviolet lamp promptly raised the capillary resistance.

THE VALUE OF THE PROGNOSTIC VENOM REACTION IN THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

This paper is a report on the value of moccasin snake venom in cases of essential thrombocytopenic purpura haemorrhagica. The present study is based on observations made on fifty patients, fourteen males and thirty-six females. It may be discussed from the following points: first, the importance of a skin reaction to an intradermal injection of moccasin snake venom as a prognostic measure in the clinical course of this disease; second, the therapeutic efficacy of the venom given subcutaneously, and, third, the use of the skin reaction as a guide for splenectomy. All the cases studied were typical; some have been followed for as long as five years. They exhibited hemorrhagic tendencies such as purpura, ecchymoses, and bleeding from the mucous membranes. The blood picture showed the characteristic diminution of blood platelets. This was associated with a prolonged bleeding time, a positive reaction to the capillary resistance test, a positive flicker

CHRONIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA CURED BY SPLENECTOMY

Since Kaznelson, in 1916, performed the first splenectomy for purpura hemorrhagica there have been only 160 cases reported in the literature. It seems worth while to add another report to the series, especially as the duration of symptoms in this case is one of the longest on record. The results of splenectomy have been brilliant in cases of purpura that are clear cut. Fortunately, all the cardinal signs were present: thrombocytopenia (highest count 10,000 after transfusion, usually none found); prolonged bleeding time (average, twenty minutes); nonretractile clot (none in twenty-four hours); positive capillary resistance test (showers of petechiae on the dependent parts even on merely standing), and a tendency to bleed from the mucous surfaces. It is interesting to note the rapid regeneration of blood when the acute hemorrhage was controlled. The dramatic change in the blood picture immediately after operation is noteworthy. The cessation of bleeding on clamping the