Capacity Of United Territorial Communities Research Articles

Інноваційні стратегії мінімізації ризиків сільського населення щодо захищеної зайнятості, викликаних пандемією коронавірусу та інституційними обмеженнями

The purpose of the article is to develop strategic directions for minimizing the risks of the rural population in the field of social and labor relations related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methods. The monographic approach was used for a comprehensive and in-depth study of ensuring the sustainability of the labor sphere and social protection of the population in extreme conditions and identifying the causal links of their development. The application of systematic and comprehensive analysis made it possible to work out strategic directions of increasing the economic capacity of united territorial communities, activating the market orientation of family farms, other micro- and small forms of entrepreneurship and institutionalization of sheltered employment in agriculture and non-agriculture. Normative and positive approaches have helped to determine the prospects for the quantitative transformation of private farms into family-type commodity enterprises by 2030. Due to the grouping, strategic priorities for ensuring productive employment of the rural population have been identified. The involvement of abstract-logical tools allowed to formulate intermediate and final conclusions and proposals for minimizing the socio-economic risks of agricultural employees in the context of the pandemic spread caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Research results. Scientific and other publications on ensuring the sustainability of social and labor relations and incomes of rural population in the context of the restrictions on economic activity spread, proposals for a radical change in the solidarity system of social protection, reduction of inequality in access to basic needs of socially vulnerable groups are covered. The genesis and development of “helicopter money” theories and guaranteed minimum income as fundamentally new post-industrial models of economic stimulation and social protection of the low-income groups, conditions of their application and possible macroeconomic consequences are considered. Priority areas for risk prevention in relation to productive and protected employment of agricultural workers are identified. These include the institutional capacity and resource adequacy of rural united territorial communities; systematic and long-term support of market activity of micro and small business entities; institutionalization of employment of family farms members and other forms of small business. Scientific novelty. Anti-covid-19 strategic directions of small business development and distribution of the obligatory state social insurance system on self-employed workers in personal peasant farms were further developed. Practical significance. Proposals for improving relations in the labor sphere of the agricultural sector and social protection of the rural population can be taken into account when developing strategic directions of support micro and small businesses and the self-employed in the extreme conditions of rural society. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 35.

Investment subsidies as a source of revenues to local budgets

Introduction. Given the limited own resources of local self-government, it is important to ensure the effective functioning of the mechanism for providing investment subventions from the state budget. Such investment subventions include subventions for the formation of infrastructure in the united territorial communities and subventions for the implementation of measures of socio-economic development of separate territories. The purpose of the paper is the analysis of the mechanism of providing and using investment subventions to local budgets in order to identify disadvantages and eliminate them. Results. Providing an “infrastructure” subvention to local budgets has strengthened the capacity of united territorial communities and to some extent improved the quality of services provided to the population. During 2016–2019, UAH 6.5 billion was allocated from the State Budget of Ukraine to local budgets for infrastructure development and 9475 projects were implemented. With the help of these subventions, schools, kindergartens, outpatient clinics, cultural and sports institutions, water mains and roads were built and repaired, and specialized transport was purchased. However, in recent years, the role of this subvention has decreased significantly due to the fact that the number of UTCs that received an infrastructure subvention during 2016–2021 has increased significantly, and its volume has hardly changed. The amount of subventions from the state budget to local budgets for the implementation of measures for socio-economic development of certain territories has also decreased, which negatively affects the capacity of local governments in the field of investment projects. Conclusion. The volume of investment subventions remains insufficient, and their distribution is partly in a “manual mode”, which creates a favorable environment for political corruption and lobbying.

Budget Monitoring of Capacity Indicators of United Territorial Communities of Dnipropetrovsk Region

nment system. Especially in formation of local budgets, and creation of a new powerful local government entity United Territorial Communities (UTCs). Despite the positive effect from delegating to local authorities solving of regional development issues, improving governance and increasing in local government spending these are not supported by a corresponding increase in the financial resources sufficient to cover it. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to analyze theoretical and practical aspects of effectiveness of the costs managing of budgets of the UTCs in Dnipropetrovsk region by calculating the communities’ own incomes per capita. Results. The authors explained origin of financial resources of the UTCs under the condition of a new redistribution of public finances between the levels of the Government. Significant effects from the adoption of the main regulations of the mechanism of formation of strong territorial communities have been identified. These are expansion of power in the newly formed UTCs by transferring part of the powers to the local level, obtaining the right of the UTCs to conduct direct intergovernmental budgetary relations, differentiation of taxes and fees between various levels of budgets, increasing the share of official transfers in local budgets through the introduction of an infrastructure subvention directly aimed at the development of UTC, as well as, through funding from the State Regional Development Fund, an interest of international donors in financing newly created communities, an introduction of medical and educational reforms. Indicators and formulas that allow assessing the financial capacity of local UTCs’ budgets are considered in the study. The calculation of UTCs’ own income per one registered resident in Dnipropetrovsk region was fulfilled. Small territories and low populated sizes of UTC generally lack high financial capacity as the calculations and surveys corroborate. This is due to the lack of sufficient human resources. The level of subsidization of budgets of Dnipropetrovsk region is determined. The efficiency of expenses for management of budgets of UTCs of the Dnepropetrovsk region is investigated. The volume of expenses of capital character and degree of their influence on filling of budgets of UTCs of the Dnepropetrovsk region is considered. Conclusions. The analysis of the activity of UTCs of Dnipropetrovsk region was fulfilled according to such indicators as own income per one inhabitant of UTC, subsidy of UTCs’ budgets; specific weight for the maintenance of the management staff in the financial resources of UTCs; efficiency of capital expenditures, and their impact on the filling of the budget of UTCs. The above mentioned indicators reflect the level of effective or inefficient development of UTCs, and make it possible to determine a need to attract financial, investment, labor resources, and make management decisions on health, education, spatial planning, and improve the provision of administrative services and more. Thus the issue of full monitoring of financial capacity of UTCs in Ukraine remains unresolved and needs improvement and further study.

РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ АСИМЕТРІЇ ПОДАТКОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД

Досліджено сучасний стан податкоспроможності об’єднаних територіальних громад у контексті регіональної асиметрії соціально-економічного розвитку.
 Проаналізовано стан регіональної асиметрії в Україні за макроекономічними та бюджетними показниками: валовий регіональний продукт на одну особу, заробітна плата одного штатного працівника, частка офіційних трансфертів у доходах зведеного бюджету області, питова вага валового регіонального продукту, що перерозподіляється через податки зведеного бюджету області. Визначено, що в дореформенний період (2013—2014 роки) в Україні відбувався соціально-економічний розвиток регіонів з ознаками регіональної асиметрії за розміром валового регіонального продукту на одну особу та частки офіційних трансфертів у доходах зведених бюджетів областей. Заробітна плата у регіонах, надходження від оподаткування якої покладено в основу визначення податкоспроможності регіонів, варіювалася на рівні, що дозволяє стверджувати про однорідність регіонів за цією ознакою.
 Детально проаналізовано регіональну асиметрію податкоспроможності об’єднаних територіальних громад за такими ознаками: середній індекс податкоспроможності об’єднаних територіальних громад області; темп росту податкоспроможності об’єднаних територіальних громад області; ступінь диференціації податкоспроможності об’єднаних територіальних громад у межах регіону.
 Доведено, що високий рівень податкоспроможності об’єднаних територіальних громад з одночасним зменшенням його приросту визначено у Полтавській та Дніпропетровській областях. Частину областей Центрального і Північно-Східного регіонів визначено як трансформаційні області, в яких індекс податкоспроможності об’єднаних територіальних громад демонструє позитивну динаміку і застосовування різних видів горизонтального вирівнювання; Західного і Південного регіонів — областей, у яких низький рівень податкоспроможності з позитивною динамікою.
 Обгрунтовано та емпірично доведено наявність прямого і сильного зв’язку між валовим регіональним продуктом і податкоспроможністю об’єднаних територіальних громад у межах регіону.

Альтернативні джерела фінансування розвитку об’єднаних територіальних громад

A. Poltorak, O. Melnyk, I. Baryshevska, Zh. Ihnatenko. Alternative sources of funding for the development of united territorial communities The article proves that it is important to strengthen financial capacity of united territorial communities through different financial and socio-economic mechanisms in the modern conditions of communities’ decentralization and further development. The article analyzes the current trends in financing the development of united territorial communities, reveals the benefits and opportunities for attracting alternative sources of funding. An algorithm for attracting grant funds for the development of UTC and other proposals that will increase the financial capacity of UTC in the long term and the implementation of local development initiatives are proposed. Keywords: alternative sources of financing, united territorial communities, grant funds, projects, financial capacity.

Experience of ensuring the financial capacity of united territorial communities

Introduction. The ensuring the financial capacity of united territorial communities (UTCs) is crucial for improving the quality and accessibility of services provided to local people, as well as for the development of the local economy, infrastructure and the efficient functioning of united territorial communities in general. However, many united territorial communities are not financially viable, heavily dependent on intergovernmental transfers and lack the necessary resources for economic development. Therefore, to solve these problems it is very important to constantly monitor the financial performance of the formation and use of local budgets of Ukraine, including UTC’s budgets, timely identify existing problems, look for ways to solve them and justify ways to increase UTC’s financial capacity. Methods. The theoretical basis of the study is the scientific developments of domestic and foreign scientists on decentralization, analysis of the problems of ensuring the financial capacity of united territorial communities and finding ways to improve it. The following methods of scientific cognition were used in the research process: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, analogies and others. The purpose is to evaluate the experience of ensuring the financial capacity of united territorial communities, identify the main problems and develop proposals for increasing the financial capacity of united territorial communities.Conclusions. Based on the analysis and assessment of the level of financial capacity of united territorial communities, the main problems in its provision and growth have been identified. The necessity is substantiated and the directions of increase of financial capacity are outlined. In order to increase the financial capacity of united territorial communities, the proposed ways to increase it are to improve the procedure for paying personal income tax not at the place of registration of taxpayers, but at the location, as well as the use of inter- municipal cooperation between united territorial communities, especially with low financial capacity.Discussion. The prospects for further research are to assess the experience of ensuring the financial capacity of united territorial communities and develop proposals for its improvement.

Sustainable development potential of the Zaporizhzhia region in decentralization conditions (the case of labour and agricultural resources)

Actuality of research theme. Transformation of the administrative and territorial system in Ukraine is one of the components of the reforms that Ukrainian society needs. One of the ten priorities of the Ukraine 2020 Strategy for Sustainable Development [1] approved by the Presidential Decree is decentralization and reform of the state socio-economic system, restructuring of the territorial organization of economic objects. Therefore, Ukraine and its economy need urgent scientific substantiation and practical implementation of measures for sustainable geospatial development of the country in the conditions of transformation of the administrative-territorial structure, provided the effective use of available potential. Problem statement. To ensure the effectiveness of the process of reforming the administrative and territorial structure of the country, new models, tools and mechanisms of governance and decision-making are needed that will ensure the sustainable development of territories, regions and the state as a whole. That is why there is a need to identify priority factors for the development and use of the territories' potential, which ensures their sustainable geospatial development in the long term. Analysis of the last researches and publications. Such scientists are engaged in the modern aspects of decision of problems of decentralization and reformation of administrative-territorial device in a country, as Pavliuk A. P., Oliinyk D. I., Batalov O. A., Datsko O. I., Murkovych L. L., Molodozhen Yu. B.and other [1-4]. The results of own researches of problem are in to [5-12]. Selection of unexplored parts of general issue. The issue of managing the sustainable development of territories in the context of decentralization requires special attention and in-depth research, both theoretical and practical. Therefore, there is a need to conduct research into the factors influencing the potential of sustainable development of territorial communities at the current stage of reforming the administrative and territorial structure of the country. Task statement, research aim. The purpose of the study is to investigate the components of the effectiveness of the decentralization process and the conditions for the formation of financially viable and self-sufficient united territorial communities (UTC) on the basis of sustainable development of territories and the national economy. Method or methodology of realization of research. In the process of realization researches drawn on scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical grouping) and special (abstracting, economical-mathematical design, etc.) methods of study of the economic phenomena and processes. Exposition of basic material (job performances). The paper analyzes the level of financial capacity of the UTC in Zaporizhzhia region and the factors influencing its level. The method of clustering of UTC by the level of financial capacity using statistical indicators of relative frequency and frequency with the subsequent determination of the confidence interval for mediums is proposed. The following were selected as the clustering criteria for assessing financial capacity: income per person; own income per person; infrastructure subsidy for one person. As factors of influence on the level of utilization and development of labor potential it is suggested to use the indicator of development expenditures (capital expenditures) per person. It is established that the main factors of formation of financial capacity and self-sufficiency of the UNC are not the population but the resource potential. The components of this potential are natural-geographical (land, forest, water, mineral, biological, energy) and socio-economic (material, financial, human and intangible) resources. Dispersion analysis has shown that the size of the ATG does not affect the level of their financial capacity and efficiency. Conclusions. The paper analyzes the level of financial capacity of the UTC in Zaporizhzhia region and the factors influencing its level. The technique of clustering of UTC by financial capacity level using the statistical indicators of relative frequency and frequency is proposed. It has been established that the main factors of formation of financial capacity and self-sufficiency of UTC are resource potential, which are components of natural-geographical and socio-economic resources. Dispersion analysis has shown that the size of the UTC does not affect the level of their financial capacity and efficiency.

Methodological aspects of assessing the financial capacity of united territorial communities in Ukraine

Methodological aspects of assessing the financial capacity of united territorial communities in Ukraine

Оцінка фінансової спроможності об’єднаних територіальних громад

Оцінка фінансової спроможності об’єднаних територіальних громад

Problem aspects of forming and development of united territorial communities in Carpathian region

The paper provides the analytic research of forming of united territorial communities (UTCs) in the regions of Carpathian region (Transcarpathian, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Chernivtsi regions). The author reveals the peculiarity of united communities in the region – the composition of UTCs includes the settlements that the Law of Ukraine “On the status of mountain settlements in Ukraine” regards as the mountain ones and border communities. Correspondence of the formed UTCs of the region to the criteria of capable territorial communities (number of population, share of basic subsidy, expenditures on managerial aparatus) defined by the Ministry of Regional Development, housing and construction of Ukraine are analyzed and compared to average rates in Ukrainian UTCs. The relevant conclusions are made. Special attention is paid to the impact of the region’s socio-economic development on the peculiarities of forming of UTCs’ internal capacity. The author finds the dependence of the revenues to UTCs’ budgets on the level of their economic development and availability of entrepreneurship structures on their territories. The absence of dependence between personal income per capita in an UTC and its population number is explained based on conducted ranging. The level of socio-economic development of urban and rural united communities is examined. The research proves the presence of substantially lower rates of rural communities’ budget profitability per capita than in urban UTCs due to comparatively high level of cities’ development and their positioning as economic growth centers. Based on the revealed differences in the levels of financial capacity of UTCs that comprise mountain settlements and other united communities in the region and Ukraine in general as well as urban and rural UTCs the author conducts the analysis of the structure of own revenues across the defined groups. The first case reveals the higher share of individual tax and single tax in own budget revenues and insignificant share of revenues from excise and land taxes. The result can be explained by the specifics of territorial location and geographic peculiarities of such communities. Analysis of the features of forming and development of UTCs in Carpathian region contributed to revealing the smaller average area of an UTC in the region compared to the average rate in Ukraine, lack of UTCs’ correlative land resource that is one of the major community assets and the lower rate of individual tax revenues than average in Ukraine testifying to the low level of communities’ economy development.