Capacity Of Public Institutions Research Articles

Creating innovative design labs for the public sector: A case for institutional capacity building in the regions of Ukraine

Innovative design labs were created by public authorities of the USA, Australia, Singapore, Finland, Canada, the UK, Switzerland, Denmark, China, and other countries to accelerate changes and develop modern public service. This paper provides further insight to establishing external innovation accelerators for strengthening capacity of public institutions. The study aims to define the development opportunities for innovative design labs for the public sector in Ukraine’s regions by the case of the Laboratory of Intellectual Development for Empowering Regions (LIDER). The study was conducted at two stages: (1) exploring the features of innovation implementation in the public sector and outlining the main problems of innovation capacity of public institutions; (2) defining the development opportunities for the LIDER via SWOT-analysis. To substantiate the study results, the correlation analysis between autocratic, bureaucratic, competitive, self-protective, and participative leadership behaviors of CEOs and innovation index based on data from 18 countries was performed, as well as a survey of 195 public servants of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and an interview of 9 experts were conducted. The following key development opportunities for the LIDER were detected: promoting the introduction of incremental innovations in public institutions by using design thinking methodology; assisting the development of pro-innovative culture and participative leadership via individual-centric and system-oriented approaches; developing effective tools for performance management and supporting public institutions in project activity; organizing the competitions for regional innovative projects; assisting in creation of radically human systems in public institutions. AcknowledgmentThe paper was prepared within the framework of the joint Ukrainian-Lithuanian R&D project “Competence Development of Lithuanian and Ukrainian Public Sector Employees Using Design-Thinking Methodology”.The project has received funding from the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT, agreement № S-LU-20-5) and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (agreement № М/31-2020).

Теоретико-методологические проблемы государства в современном политологическом дискурсе

<p>Współczesne państwo stawia czoła wyzwaniom związanym ze zmianami w tradycyjnym rozumieniu i postrzeganiu jego natury i właściwości, w tym suwerenności i konkurencyjności. W XXI wieku obie te funkcje są niezbędne – z kilku powodów. Państwo traci status podmiotu politycznego, a suwerenność jest wykorzystywana jako zasób ochrony interesów narodowych. Co więcej, sukces polityczny zależy od poziomu konkurencyjności państwa, oznacza zdolność prawną instytucji publicznych i wysoką jakość decyzji. Niska jakość państwa podważa jego konkurencyjność, a tym samym suwerenność.</p>

Capacity of Local Public Institutions in Lake Management: Case of Lake Hawassa

Lake Hawassa is fresh water and located within the Ethiopian Rift Valley. It has social and economic significance to the City of Hawassa and community within the catchment. For effective management of this lake, the local public institutional aspect which play significant role in the overall management of lake needs to be understood. Local government institutions that direct management actions, coordinates stakeholders in the management and implements rules and regulations are increasingly considered as the solution for natural resource management. Within this context, the aim of the study was to assess capacity of local public institutions to manage Lake Hawassa. Specifically the study has aimed for the analysis of institutional and legal framework, resource capacity, to probe stakeholder integrations in the management of the lake, and to look out mechanisms of public awareness and education programs, using qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the view of answering research questions the researcher employed both descriptive and explanatory research. Through the use of questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussion, document review and observations local public institutional capacity in lake management were identified. The findings of the study revealed that present local public institutional structure and their capacity were weak to effectively manage Lake Hawassa. There is limited enforcement of the legislative provisions such as river basin organization and water regulation proclamations. The study has also found out that there is also absence of regionally established EIA, pollution control and investment proclamations to manage natural resources. The findings of the study also indicated weak linkage of stakeholders, limited public awareness and constraints of environmental education program as other institutional problems for sustainable management of the lake. It is evident from this study that local public institution has limited in their framework and capacity for sustainable management of the lake. Thus, creating institutional structure and building their human, financial and technological capacity are necessary for effective management of the lake. It is also significant to promote strong inter- sectoral and multi-stakeholders integration in the management of Lake Hawassa.

Strengthening expertise for health technology assessment and priority-setting in Africa

ABSTRACT Background: Achieving sustainable universal health coverage depends partly on fair priority-setting processes that ensure countries spend scarce resources wisely. While general health economics capacity-strengthening initiatives exist in Africa, less attention has been paid to developing the capacity of individuals, institutions and networks to apply economic evaluation in support of health technology assessment and effective priority-setting. Objective: On the basis of international lessons, to identify how research organisations and partnerships could contribute to capacity strengthening for health technology assessment and priority-setting in Africa. Methods: A rapid scan was conducted of international formal and grey literature and lessons extracted from the deliberations of two international and regional workshops relating to capacity-building for health technology assessment. ‘Capacity’ was defined in broad terms, including a conducive political environment, strong public institutional capacity to drive priority-setting, effective networking between experts, strong research organisations and skilled researchers. Results: Effective priority-setting requires more than high quality economic research. Researchers have to engage with an array of stakeholders, network closely other research organisations, build partnerships with different levels of government and train the future generation of researchers and policy-makers. In low- and middle-income countries where there are seldom government units or agencies dedicated to health technology assessment, they also have to support the development of an effective priority-setting process that is sensitive to societal and government needs and priorities. Conclusions: Research organisations have an important role to play in contributing to the development of health technology assessment and priority-setting capacity. In Africa, where there are resource and capacity challenges, effective partnerships between local and international researchers, and with key government stakeholders, can leverage existing skills and knowledge to generate a critical mass of individuals and institutions. These would help to meet the priority-setting needs of African countries and contribute to sustainable universal health coverage.

Economic Transition, Partisan Politics and EU Austerity: A Case Study of Slovakia's Labour Market Policies

This working paper provides an overview of labour market policies in the Slovak Republic, from the beginning of the post-socialist transition to the recent period, characterised by growing pressure for fiscal stringency from the European Union (EU). It investigates the differences between the prevalent trends in labour market policies before and after 2010 and it finds little difference between them.While EU-led austerity may have played a role, it rather prolonged and reinforced the existing tendency towards increasingly strict punitive measures, underfinanced active labour market policies and cuts affecting the capacity of public institutions to provide material and non-material help to jobseekers.

Open Budget Data: Mapping the Landscape

How public money is collected and distributed is one of the most pressing political questions of our time, influencing the health, well-being and prospects of billions of people around the world. Decisions about fiscal policy affect everyone -- determining everything from who pays how much tax, to the resourcing of essential public services such as schools and hospitals, to the capacity of public institutions to take action on global challenges such as poverty, inequality or climate change. Digital technologies have the potential to transform the way that information about public money is organised, circulated and utilised in society, which in turn could shape the character of public debate, democratic engagement, governmental accountability and public participation in decision-making about public funds. Advocates argue that data could play a vital role in tackling the democratic deficit in fiscal policy and in supporting better outcomes for citizens.This report provides a mapping and analysis of the emerging issue of open budget data, which has appeared as ideals from the open data movement have begun to gain traction amongst advocates and practitioners of financial transparency. It charts a constellation of definitions, best practices, actors, issues and initiatives associated with the emerging issue of open budget data in different forms of digital media -- from social media platforms to search engine results.The report was undertaken as a collaboration between the Digital Methods Initiative at the University of Amsterdam, the Global Initiative for Financial Transparency (GIFT) and Open Knowledge.

Determinants of Implementation of Public-Private Partnership in Poland: the Case of Transport Infrastructure

One of the models of financing public investments, especially transport infrastructure, is a public-private partnership (PPPs). The European Commission has been supporting this formula of implementing transport investments for more than ten years. The PPP formula is very important for the new EU countries from Central Europe, because it helps bridge the gap between the investment needs and the financial resources that are available in these countries. However, achieving success in the practical implementation of PPP requires the creation of appropriate conditions supporting this concept. The aim of this article is to identify determinants of implementation of PPP in the area of transport infrastructure and to present an analysis of the influence of these factors on the development of partnership in Poland. Research in the available literature has made it possible to identify three main groups of the determinants of PPP: the government's economic doctrine which includes the macroeconomic condition of the economy, the legal system, and the capacity of public institutions. The analysis confirmed that these determinants are important for the implementation of transport projects in Poland. The research also indicated that strong government support is particularly important for the development of the Polish PPP market. The government should initiate the formulation of appropriate legal regulations and create public institutions, whose purpose is to advise and support local public authorities in the practical implementation of PPP.

Unjustified regulation prevents use of GMO technology for public good

Transgenic plants are regulated for their technology because they have been claimed to lead to uncontrolled and unpredictable alterations of the genome and, therefore, to unpredictable risks to the environment and the consumer. This argument can, however, never justify regulation, because each technology used in plant breeding, so far, has exactly the same consequences. As a result of regulation, genetically modified organism (GMO) product development is so expensive and time-consuming that it is beyond the capacity of public institutions and for public good.