Canonic Law Research Articles

Divorce and Re-Marriage From The Point of View of Canonic Law of The Catholic Church and Its Contribution to Pastoral Work in The Parish of St. Markus Melak - The Archdiocese of Samarinda

The focus of this study is "Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage from the Point of View of the Canonical Law of the Catholic Church and Its Contribution to Pastoral Work in the Parish of St. Mark Melak Archdiocese of Samarinda”. Because marriage is a very important matter, the Church, state, and traditional institutions regulate it respectively. The Catholic Church regulates it in the Code of Canon Law, specifically Canons 1055-1165. Catholic marriage is always reviewed from natural, ecclesiastical, and civil law. Natural Law applies to everyone without exception, including those from other religions or other cultures. This study aims to explain the basic reasons why the Catholic Church does not confirm marriages from other churches which are still bound by previous marriages with Catholics who do not experience legal obstacles. The method used is phenomenology and literature. This study found that natural law is the basic reason for those who are still previously married not getting married. Second, the marriage of the baptized is considered as a sacrament by canon law.

TIGA FASE NISBAH HUKUM GEREJA DENGAN HUKUM SIPIL

This paper discusses the changing relationship between canonic law and state (civil) law in history. In general, we can discern three stages: domination, confrontation-conflic and lastly harmony. The stages are marked by theories or principles describing or justifying the current situation. Pope Gelasius, for instance, forward the double sword principle. With the advent of nation-states and emerging scientific approach to reality, we enter the confrontation stage between Church Law and positive secular laws made by nations states. The third stage is marked by the 2nd Vatican Council, putting forward two important principles, i.e., salus animarum suprema lex and salus populi suprema lex, determining the relationship between Church law and secular laws.

Rozważania nad dopuszczalnością pełnienia funkcji sołtysa przez duchownego Kościoła Katolickiego

This article is an analysis of legal admissibility of performing the office of a village administrator by a catholic priest. Despite the fact that this theme has already been a subject of doctrine’s interest, this study distinguish itself from other studies because it is based on a case that took place in practice. That means, obviously, a choice of the Archbishop Sławoj Leszek Głódź for a village administrator of Piaski. Considerations are conducted from three perspectives – commonly applicable law, The Concordat itself and the canonic law. Comparative legal perspective provides a citation of relevant regulations existing in chosen countries. There are also introduced regulations referring to the status of a village administrator in Polish legal order. Conducted considerations allow to conclude that in spite of the fact that Polish commonly applicable law and the Concordat itself strongly emphasize the principle of autonomy and mutual independence of the state and churches and other religious unions, they do not provide for a prohibition of taking over public offices by priests. This case is differently regulated by the Code of Canon Law which directly forbids priests to execute offices connected with performing of public authority. Such offices should involve office of a village administrator, what determines the inadmissibility of performing the office of village administrator by catholic priest.

Природные катаклизмы 1120-х гг. и население запада Новгородской земли

The change in the burial rite and introduction of new funerary practices are explained by Christianization of the populace and appearance of a Christian community. In studies of the emergence of medieval Rus’ burial rite, a feature is discriminated with regard to continuation of the tradition of raising burial mounds. The earliest phase of the formation of the medieval mortuary rites still remains poorly studied since there are practically no reliably dated sites before the mid-11th century. After this date, we find inhumations across the Novgorod Land documenting different variations in the rite but which nevertheless keep within the frame of the Christian norms. As the main rules on the rite of interment set by the Church were complied with, some details of the mortuary practice not regulated by the Orthodox canonic law continued to evolve, drawing on the pre-Christian tradition. Of these, raising of burial mounds was the most prominent. Differences in the method of construction of the burial mounds indicate a partial change in the population which took place in the western area of the Novgorod Land in the second half of the 12th century. Throughout the 13 th century, across this region, the funerary rite becomes much more uniform. Everywhere the kurgan-zhalnik and flat zhalnik cemeteries become widespread. The emergence of a new form of burials may be associated with migration of the population. The reason for the migration, in my opinion, could be the famine that happened in the Novgorod land in the late 1120s.

A Comparative Analysis of Berith and the Sacrament of Baptism and How They Contributed to the Inquisition

In 1391 Spanish Jews were forcibly converted to Catholic Christianity, and Portuguese Jews suffered the same fate in 1497. Jewish law rendered involuntary converts as anusim and voluntary converts as meshumadim. Christians without Jewish ancestry called them by various names, New Christians, alboraique, xuetas, and marranos, to name a few. In the fifteenth century, Catholic clerical authorities debated whether the New Christians were indeed Christians, albeit coerced. Canonic law rendered the sacrament of baptism as irrevocable. As such, any belief or practice not in accordance with Catholic doctrine was tantamount to heresy. Consequently, the Inquisition sought to rid the Church of the “Judaizing heresy.” On the one hand, the Sinaitic covenant (berith) considered anusim as Jews, even though there were Christians. This paper analyzes Jewish law and canonic law on respective religious identities. It includes an examination of rabbinic texts and rabbinic responsa, and an examination of the sacrament of Christian baptism. Both religious traditions fought for the souls of the anusim, characterizing what Victor Turner calls liminality and communitas.

Tres incapacidades para contraer matrimonio canónico

El presente artículo trata sobre tres incapacidades psíquicas para matrimoniarse, derivadas del parágrafo tercero del canon 1095 del actual Código de Derecho Canónico. La primera de ellas, los canonistas la han bautizado como “la carencia de suficiente capacidad psíquica para las nupcias canónicas”; la segunda se denomina “incapacidad para cumplir obligaciones matrimoniales desde el inicio del matrimonio eclesiástico”, y la tercera se llama “incapacidad para la comunidad de vida y amor para el matrimonio”. El documento estudia las principales líneas canónicas sobre las cuales trabajan estas incapacidades en sede de tribunales eclesiásticos. Cada incapacidad tiene sus características y su naturaleza propia. Se incluyen —en el ámbito procesal canónico— las preguntas que el juez de la Iglesia debe someter al actor y/o a la convenida, convocada o demandado(a). El texto está enriquecido con la más avanzada doctrina autorizada por el magisterio en esta delicada y trascendental materia. Los cuestionamientos tienen puntos finos que hacen la diferencia entre el interrogatorio para el actor(a) y para los testigos de la causa. La jurisprudencia romana también toma su sitio y la bibliografía extranjera es especializada.

The Importance of Latin Law: Marriage Nullity. Historical Advances in Canonic Law

The Importance of Latin Law: Marriage Nullity. Historical Advances in Canonic Law

Odgovornost monaha u pravnom i društvenom kontekstu

In the course of history, ecclesiastical life has been imbued by secular beliefs, embodied in human endeavour to get a strong foothold in the Church. Since Emperor Constantine's era, the idea that matured in the ecclesiastical consciousness was that the fundamental principle underlying the organization of ecclesiastical life lay in the domain of law. Nevertheless, in contrast to positive law, canon law is not an expression of the will of an individual or the congregation; instead, it comprises rules deriving from the nature of the Church. The Church, just like any other organism, is governed by two tenets: the static organization, and its dynamic life function. Thus, the responsibility of monks can be perceived either in line with canonic law or within the social context, whereby these tenets are inalienable since there can be no life without organization, nor can there be organization without life. In case a member abandons an organization, regardless of the reasons behind such action (be it voluntary or through the power of law), positive law prescribes that all ties between the said organization and its former member are to be dissolved. On the other hand, in case a penalized monk is obliged to leave the monastery due to the gravity of the pronounced sanction, he is entitled (as a former member) to preserve the status of a Christian. This point derives from the fact that baptism constitutes an indelible fact of spiritual life. This paper examines the subject matter of monks' responsibility for violation of canon law, by comparing the mediaeval and contemporary sources of the Serbian canon law, in view of identifying changes in the said period and drawing the most accurate conclusions.

UNIVERSAL CANONICAL LAW OF THE FIRST MILLENNIUM AND KYIV RUS CANONICAL LAW OF THE XI-TH CENTURY: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The article provides a comparative analysis of normativity accepted by Christian Enumerical Council and Local Council of IV–IX century and norms of Kyiv Rus canon law, in particular, the Prince Vladimir’s Charter and Prince Yaroslav’s Statute. The main attention is paid to the determination of the degree of Council decisions’ influence on designation and content of Prince’s documents as well as their common features and dis- tinctions.The author comes to the conclusion that the introduction of canonic law in Kyiv Rus has been made under the influence of Byzantine church canons. Nevertheless, the above mentioned process and the essence of Russian canons are characterized by certain diver- sity. Eastern Church canonic law has been formed from the «bottom» within the period of nearly millennium at various Universal and Local Councils by Holy fathers and based on different sources and published in various collected works. Kyiv Rus canonic law has oc- curred «from above», supported by simultaneous publishing of Charter and Statute by two Princes that determined the sphere of the church jurisdiction quite clearly and precisely. The church, immediately after its introduction, was recognized as a special live orderliness while it had appeared in Rome only by the fourth century of its existence. Despite the fact that Nomocanon provided for different kinds of church hierarchs’ punishment by anathema, excommunication, deprivation of dignity as the result of numerous offences, the Charter and Statute didn’t contain such norms as well as punishment by damnation. The latter contained much more lenient punishment and provided for various monetary penalty ad- equate gravity of the offence. Within the battle with crimes against faith and church, the struggle for the morality of marriage and family relations and the observance of general Christian morality rules were highly emphasized. The Charter and Statute didn’t concern dogmatic issues; crime and punishment, provided for by these documents, were character- ized by more peculiar specification and reflection of live realities. This way the church has influenced all legal aspects of Kyiv Rus society and formed original Russian canonic law. It manifested the Russian church deflection from the Greek one in its attitude towards modern secular society and state and formed the basis for its future development. In gen- eral the introduction of Christianity in Kyiv Rus meant the reception of the new Byzantine idea of law, which started to modernize all the aspects of society and state including po- litical, legal, spiritual, cultural, ethical ones.

Od dzieci z nieprawego łoża do dzieci nieślubnych. Z dziejów polskiej terminologii prawnej

From Unlawful Bed to Extramarital. From the History of Polish Legal VocabularyThe paper presents the various names given in Polish legal terminology to children born outside of marriage, from the oldest times to the interwar period. The process of stabilization of indices of this concept was a relatively long one. In mediaeval legal texts, we find multiple variants, most of which mirror Latin terms, e.g. nieprawego łoża ‘of unlawful bed’, nieczystego łoża ‘of impure bed’, niecnie narodzony ‘dishonourably born’, niedobrze urodzon ‘ill-born’, and also the neologism wyleganiec. Synonymous terms survive into the Middle Polish stage (16th – mid-18th c.), the most frequent ones being złego łoża ‘of bad bed’, niedobrego łoża ‘of wrong bed’, niepoczciwego łoża dzieci ‘children of indecent bed’. In the 19th century, two terms compete: dzieci nieprawego łoża ‘children of unlawful bed’ and, introduced in the translation of the Napoleonic Code, dzieci naturalne ‘natural children’; by the end of the 19th century, dzieci nieślubne ‘unmarried children’ become more widespread. A characteristic feature of the analysed terms is the presence of an evaluating element, which mirrorrs the contemporary legal status in which extramarital children were treated as a worse category and discriminated against. Finally, the paper draws attention to the differences between the civil and the canonic law, with regard to their choice of terms for ‘love children’.

Rejestr wyznaniowych osób prawnych – wybrane zagadnienia na przykładzie jednostek Kościoła katolickiego

Jednostki organizacyjne Kościołów i innych związków wyznaniowych mogą uzyskać osobowość prawną na gruncie prawa polskiego. Ten przywilej umożliwia swobodne funkcjonowanie w przestrzeni publicznej. Według przyjętej w Polsce koncepcji, osoby prawne działają przez swoje organy. Prawo wewnętrzne Kościoła katolickiego wprowadza szereg ograniczeń w kompetencjach poszczególnych organów, co powoduje utrudnienia w obrocie prawnym. Przedmiotem orzeczeń sądowych stały się spory związane z dokonaniem przez kościelną osobę prawną czynności, do której nie była umocowana na gruncie prawa kanonicznego. Wyroki wydawane w tych sprawach wywołały dyskusję w doktrynie. Rozwiązaniem problemu jest upublicznienie kompetencji poszczególnych osób prawnych i ich organów, co zabezpieczy pewność obrotu. M. Pietrzak, D. Walencik i A. Januchowski postulują utworzenie publicznego rejestru wyznaniowych osób prawnych. Koncepcję tę rozwijają autorzy artykułu, którzy określają zarys tego rejestru –miałyby się w nim znaleźć informacje o nazwie, adresie siedziby oraz numerach identyfikacyjnych wyznaniowej osoby prawnej. Ponadto ujawniona powinna zostać jej przynależność denominacyjna, teren działania, dane organu stanowiącego (nadrzędnego) i dane organu zarządzającego (wykonawczego). W artykule przedstawiony został także przykładowy katalog kompetencji związanych z prawem reprezentacji oraz zaciągania zobowiązań finansowych, które należy wymienić w rejestrze. Poruszono także kwestię możliwości nadawania statusu organizacji pożytku publicznego.

DIREITO PENAL ROMANO E CANÔNICO

Pretendemos através deste artigo, traçar um confronto entre o direito penal que vigorou em Roma em várias fases e o direito penal canônico, demonstrando as posições diametralmente opostas entre um e outro, demonstrando a evolução do conceito de pena, o seu fundamento após o progresso científico da ciência penal, através da medicina legal, da psicologia, disciplinas essas que são também ciências penais porque estudam o crime e os meios de preveni-lo e combatê-lo.

The reception of Justinian's legislation on the Edict unde vir et uxor in the reformed statutes of certain provinces of the (northern) Netherlands in the 17th century

AbstractRoman law has always had a moderate influence on Dutch customary law. The reception of Roman law can be found mainly in the Dutch provinces of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, and most of all in Friesland. This was manifested inter alia by the reception of canonic testamentary law and Justinianic intestate succession law into the reformed statutes of certain provinces and cities in the Early modern period. In some cases even a reception of the Edict unde vir et uxor can be found, e.g. in the Dutch provinces of Groningen (1601, 1618), Drenthe (1712) and in the northern part of Limburg (upper Guelders, 1620). But generally speaking this Edict's claim to fame is limited to a select group of renowned 17th century Dutch jurists, who mentioned it in their scholarly works.

TRASTORNOS POR SUSTANCIAS PSICOTRÓPICAS Y NULIDAD MATRIMONIAL

the object to this presentation is to 1. Examine the acceptance of psicologic studies into the canonic law. 2. to evaluate the importance of quimical substances into the capacity to a person who is signing a marriage contract. 3. expose the new conducts of women related to quimical substances in areas that should be evaluated and studied when we analyze the capacity to understand the rights and obligations inside the marriage contract.

O direito de família e os novos modelos de família no direito civil e constitucional brasileiro

The present work was developed with the intention of demonstrating in a historic and precise way, the evolution of models of families that the power of the Portuguese reign, through its law, brought to the brazilian colony anchored in the canonic law, and its evolution to the matrimonial family achored on the Civil law. It has also been attempted to demonstrate the evolution of this model to other models that had their origin in the social stratification, which received the institutional backing for the constituent in 1988. Finaly, how family models are structured in the period post-constitution 1988 in the beginning of the XXI century.

LA FORMACION DE LA IDEA DE SOBERANIA

The 13 th century was a period of major changes in a number of areas: the economy, politics and society. With respect to political philosophy, the most relevant is the gestational process of one of the most important concepts of modern politics: sovereignty. The author traces the process of formation of this concept, which passed from canonic law to civil law, through medieval juridical regalism, in order to strengthen the position of the kingdoms in the face of the Church.

Teorías medievales sobre el <em>ius ad rem</em>

Historic and juridical investigation of medieval theories about the genesis and precise meaning of the term ius ad rem. According to the germanic nature of the institution, we're trying to argue it's primitive use was in the canonic or feudal law during the Xlllth Century, making use of commentators.

« Cher Cousin »: Les Usages Matrimoniaux de la Parenté Proche dans la France du 18e Siècle

Faut-il épouser son proche ou son prochain ? Nous aimerions nous interroger sur le sens particulier que pouvait avoir ce dilemme pour la société française du 18e siècle, sans oublier, comme les anthropologues aiment à nous le rappeler, qu'il a aussi une portée universelle : l'universalité de l'interdit de l'inceste répondrait, selon eux, à une précaution d'exogamie sans laquelle les groupes familiaux n'auraient jamais pu établir entre eux des rapports pacifiés.

SEPPHORIS: An augmented hypergraph‐grammar representation for events, stipulations, and legal prescriptions

Abstract SEPPHORIS is a knowledge representation formalism for descriptions, stipulations, or prescriptions, where the normative and the narrative are intertwined. The representation is illustrated using exemplification on a particular paragraph from an ancient source, the Mishnah, a cornerstone of the Jewish canonic law. The paragraph poses a certain problem—Paschal lambs ran away and cannot be identified individually—along with a solution‐cum‐prescription with a mathematical flavour.

Nonlinear differential systems: A canonic, multivariable theory

An attached (multivariable) nonassociative algebra is shown to be a useful tool for the study of general polynomic differential systems. The main result is that the theory allows the reduction of all such systems to the canonic quadratic form x <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">·</sup> = x ċ x within the algebra. This canonic square law differential equation is obtained through multivariable introductions to make all terms quadratic; nonstationary systems are included as are nonpolynomic differential systems through approximation. In the algebra a canonical power series solution is found which is useful for computer aided analysis. Examples are given to illustrate the concepts.