Canoe Slalom Research Articles

A Comparison of Paddle Forces between Whitewater and Flatwater Training in C1 Canoe Slalom.

Becoming an elite canoe slalom athlete requires thousands of hours of training, spread over many years. It is difficult to assess the correct balance between flatwater and whitewater training because differences in the paddle forces on these terrains are not known. The aim of this study was to describe paddle forces during canoe slalom training on flatwater and whitewater courses for the C1 canoe category. Paddle forces for twenty C1 canoe slalom athletes were quantified during all-out figure-of-eight tests on a flatwater course and during race simulations on a whitewater course. Paddle forces were measured using strain gauges embedded in the paddle shaft and quantified by their force, impulse, and stroke durations. The mean force during the pull phase of the paddle strokes was not significantly different between the flatwater and whitewater courses; however, the longer pull phase durations led to a greater pull phase impulse when paddling on the whitewater course. This study indicates that training for all-out runs on a whitewater course is more demanding for canoe slalom athletes than performing all-out trials on a flatwater figure-of-eight course. This evidence may help to develop effective training plans that are essential to reach the highest levels of the sport.

Body morphology and handgrip strength parameters of the female canoe slalom paddlers.

Introduction: Canoe slalom is a physically very demanding discipline, in which body constitution, body composition, and relative strength are significant factors in high performance. Although anthropometric and strength parameters are relatively well-studied in male athletes, there is a lack of evidence for any conclusions in women. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the morphology and upper-limb strength parameters of female canoe slalom paddlers and identify whether morphological differences exist between performance groups. Methods: Altogether, 63 female competitors of the 2023 ICF Canoe Slalom World Cup (n = 29) and 2023 ICF Canoe Slalom World Ranking Competition (n = 34) in Prague (Czech Republic) were examined with a battery of anthropometric tests, segmental bioimpedance analysis, and handgrip strength test. The athletes were divided into groups according to age and performance: elite athletes belonging to the world top 10 according to the ICF World Ranking (WORLD, n = 7), international-level athletes competing during the World Cup (ELITE, n = 22), international-level junior athletes competing in the World Ranking Race (JUNIOR, n = 17), and other lower performance-level athletes competing in the World Ranking Race (REST, n = 17). Results: Female slalom paddlers are, in general, of average body height (∼165cm), lower body mass (∼60kg), BMI (∼22kg/m2), and body fat (∼20%) and without exceptional anthropometric dimensions and proportions. However, differences were detected when performance was factored in. Female paddlers belonging to the world TOP 10 have the largest circumferences of arms and forearms, and their somatotype is more mesomorphic, with a lower proportion of total body fat and a higher proportion of muscle mass. In addition, the WORLD group differs significantly in upper-limb strength. Discussion: The results shows the significance of muscular strength and power for canoe slalom athletes and the importance of well-developed musculature in operating the boat in the unstable environment. Being a successful female canoe slalom athlete requires a well-developed musculature, maximizing strength capabilities while maintaining a low body weight through limited hypertrophy of the lower limbs and a low level of body fat.

Asymmetries in paddle force influence choice of stroke type for canoe slalom athletes

Asymmetries in paddle force influence choice of stroke type for canoe slalom athletes

Test-retest reliability of four flatwater performance-related tests in canoe slalom athletes.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the test-retest reliability of four flatwater performance-related tests in canoe slalom athletes. Methods: Twenty-two Slovak national team members of junior and U23 age group racing in a category K1 men (K1M), K1 women (K1W) or C1 men (C1M) volunteered to take part in this study. During both test and retest testing sessions athletes performed 4 flatwater tests: SPS-Sprints with a turn to the preferred side (2 × 15m shuttle sprints), SNPS-Sprints with a turn to the non-preferred side (2 × 15m shuttle sprints), SBS-Sprints with turns to both sides (2 × 15m shuttle sprints) as well as 12 × 15 AOT-12 × 15m all out shuttle test (12 × 15m shuttle sprints). Each athlete completed two sessions separated by a minimum ofdays and a maximum of 5days. Results: The results have shown the excellent test-retest reliability of all four flatwater tests (ICC-SPS: 0.98; SPNPS 0.97; SBS: 0.98 and 12 × 15m AOT: 0.96). Additionally, results have shown SEM (SPS: 0.14; SPNPS 0.18; SBS: 0.13 and 12 × 15m AOT: 1.05) and SWC (SPS: 0.21; SPNPS 0.26; SBS: 0.19 and 12 × 15m AOT: 1.58). Conclusion: Based on our results we suggest that coaches use these valid and reliable tests to assess changes in their athletes' performance-related physical fitness over time, to verify the effectiveness of training programs focused on improvement in specific physical fitness of athletes as well as to identify asymmetries between the preferred and non-preferred side in canoe slalom athletes.

Physical Fitness Parameters of Elite Chinese Male Canoe Slalom Paddlers

Physical Fitness Parameters of Elite Chinese Male Canoe Slalom Paddlers

On the wisdom of not-knowing: reflections of an Olympic Canoe Slalom coach

ABSTRACT Never has the domain of sports coaching been so inundated with secondary information. In high-performance contexts, for example, coaches are routinely presented with detailed reports specifying features about an athlete’s or team’s performance. Here, we question whether such detailed secondary information has led us to know too much, obscuring what the world has to share directly with us. To over-rely on secondary information is to narrow in on certainty, on cause-effects that are oft-espoused through de-contextualised ‘performance’ tests and metrics. This indirect approach eschews opening up to uncertainty, to ongoing inquiry embedded in primary experience. For where certainty risks closures, uncertainty opens to the possibility of carrying on with and alongside others. We explore this thesis through the reflections of an Olympic Canoe Slalom coach, meandering through three sections: (i) on paying attention; (ii) on knowing better; (iii) on guidance without specification. In presenting this thesis, we hope to encourage others – in sports coaching and beyond – to embrace an ethos of not-knowing, opening up to the ‘goings on’ of what interests them, actively attending and directly responding with genuine care and curiosity. Indeed, while embracing an ethos of not-knowing can be unsettling, vulnerably exposing oneself to changing power relations in a world perpetually on the move, it can facilitate primary experience of the surrounding ecology. The accompanying growth of responsiveness to one’s surroundings emerges from listening to what it has share, joining in conversation to find ways of carrying on. It is in this responsiveness, we contend, that a wisdom can be found; a wisdom of not-knowing.

Stroke technique in C1 canoe slalom: a simulation study

ABSTRACT Male C1 canoe slalom athletes traditionally used cross transitions to move their paddle to the other side of the boat and off-side strokes to paddle on their non-dominant side. Conversely, female athletes often use a switching transition and on-side strokes on their non-dominant side. The purpose of this study was to use a computer model to assess the relation between cross- or switching techniques, and the relative strength (symmetry) of non-dominant compared to dominant side strokes to race times in C1 canoe slalom. We created a forward dynamics model to predict race times using stroke forces (from an indoor ergometer), drag forces (measured on-water), and probability distributions for stroke and transition times (measured from international canoe slalom competitions). The main effects from an ANOVA (p<0.05) were (i) for a given transition number and strength symmetry the race times were faster when using cross-transitions than switch-transitions (ii) for a given strength symmetry the race times became slower as the number of switch transitions increased, but there was minimal effect of the number of cross-transitions, and (iii) the closer the strength of the strokes were between the dominant and non-dominant side (as symmetry factor approached 100 %), the faster the race times.

Strength and Strength-Related Anthropometric Parameters of the International Level Canoe Slalom Male Paddlers

Strength and Strength-Related Anthropometric Parameters of the International Level Canoe Slalom Male Paddlers

Where does environmental sustainability fit in the changing landscapes of outdoor sports? An analysis of logics of practice in artificial sport landscapes

ABSTRACT Environmental sustainability in sport is an increasingly important issue. In this paper, we want to highlight a specific phenomenon, namely artificially constructed landscapes and the outdoor sport activities that take place therein. More specifically, we are interested in the logics that govern peoples’ practice of sport in such artificial landscapes and what challenges with regards to environmental sustainability that follow from these logics. The purpose of this paper is to identify what individual athletes perceive as meaningful logics when practicing sport in artificial landscapes and to analyse and discuss potential environmental consequences of these logics. The sports we focus on are cross-country skiing and canoe slalom, two sports that historically have been dependent on specific geographies and contexts. We build on two research questions: What logics of practice govern individual athletes’ practice of sport in artificial landscapes? And what environmental challenges are potential consequences of the logics that are expressed by the athletes? Our findings indicate that the logic of performance is dominant for the sport practitioners who train in artificial landscapes, at the expense of perspectives such as nature experience and environmental sustainability. If performance is key, then the role of the training landscape is also first and foremost to present the best possible conditions for performance. But if the athlete/exerciser see their training as a means of experiencing nature, then other values than performance and comparability can become more important. When the environmental impact of individual athletes and of the artificial landscapes in which they do their training come under increased scrutiny, the role of logics of practice in the sport and movement culture needs further attention. Being aware of nature and the environment is also a logic that could be found meaningful in the process of making sports more sustainable.

‘Embracing turbulent waters’: Enhancing athlete self-regulation using the ‘PoST’ framework for performance preparation at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games

Sport science has increasingly witnessed use of contemporary ecological approaches to athlete development, preparation, and skill acquisition, providing alternatives to traditional pedagogical approaches. Here we examine an ecological perspective on transferring theory into coaching practice for athlete self-regulation and performance preparation, by presenting the case example of one lead coach and three athletes representing Team GB in the sport of Canoe Slalom at the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo. The aims of this case exemplar are: (1) to offer insights into how an ecological dynamics rationale supported integration of nonlinear pedagogy and (skill) training periodisation, underpinning athlete preparation for world class Canoe Slalom competition; and (2), to provide a first-hand perspective on transfer of theory to support self-regulation, skill learning, and performance preparation in high-performance sport. In the case example, the ‘Periodisation of Skill Training’ framework (i.e., termed ‘PoST’ framework) for venue specific preparation at the Tokyo Olympics was applied and adapted. Principles of co-design, the Constraints-Led Approach, perception-action coupling and representative learning design were embedded within collaborative application of the framework across a support team including athlete, coach and psychologist. To conclude, facilitating athlete self-regulation is highlighted in practical exemplars to support paddlers to cope with the dynamic environments in canoe slalom.

Relationship Between Flat-Water Tests and Canoe Slalom Performance on 4 Different Grades of Water Terrain Difficulty.

To assess the relationship between flat-water tests and canoe slalom performance on 4 different grades of water terrain difficulty. Nineteen elite canoe slalom athletes racing in category K1 men (n = 7), K1 women (n = 5), or C1 men (n = 7) completed flat-water tests: (1) a sprint with a turn to the preferred side, (2) a sprint with a turn to the nonpreferred side, (3) a sprint with a turn to both sides, and (4)a 12 × 15-m all-out shuttle test. Canoe slalom performance was measured in competitions with 4 different grades of water terrain difficulty. There were relationships between 12 × 15-m all-out shuttle test and performance across different water terrain grades (P < .001; r = .706-.871)); however, the magnitude of the relationship decreased with increasing water terrain grade difficulty. Similar trends were observed for the sprint with a turn to the preferred side (r = .588-.884), sprint with a turn to the nonpreferred side (r = .544-.864), and sprint with a turn to both sides (r = .638-.909). In addition, small to moderate differences were observed between preferred and nonpreferred side in K1 women (P = .050, ES = 0.37), K1 men (P = .019, ES = 0.66), and C1 men (P = .003, ES = 0.69). The novel battery of flatwater tests can be used to measure the performance-related physical fitness of canoe slalom athletes. Sprint with a turn to the preferred side and sprint with a turn to the nonpreferred side can also be used to assess the imbalance between an athlete's preferred and nonpreferred side. Accordingly, to our findings, practitioners could consider adapting the training program in preparation for important competitions specifically to water terrain difficulty grades where these competitions will be organized.

The Relationship between Stroke Metrics, Work Rate and Performance in Slalom Kayakers

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between work rate, stroke metrics, and performance in whitewater slalom. Twelve Spanish, nationally competitive whitewater slalom kayakers took part in a simulated competition while using an instrumented kayak paddle to record stroke metrics over a simulated race, total duration and sectional splits. Performance time was highly correlated to overall power output (r2 = 0.511, p &lt; 0.001), where kayakers demonstrated a positive pacing strategy with power output significantly decreasing over successive sectional splits (158 ± 40, 112 ± 32 and 65 ± 33 W, p &lt; 0.001). This resulted in an increased stroke duration (p &lt; 0.001), time to peak force (p &lt; 0.001), a decrease in stroke peak force (p &lt; 0.001), and rate of peak force development (p &lt; 0.001) over elapsed time. As such, work rate is deemed an objective metric to monitor performance, prescribe training, and ascertain optimal pacing strategies in canoe slalom.

The Validity and Reliability of a Global Navigation Satellite System in Canoe Slalom

This study investigates the usefulness of a 10 Hz GPS device for tracking scalar performance in canoe slalom through assessing the validity of automated-informed-aerial video tracking (30 fps and 10 fps) and GPS capability in relation to a known track. Additionally, a real-world (canoe-slalom). A comparison between manual-aerial video tracking (10 fps) and the 10 Hz GPS was performed. All three methods of tracking used during the dry-land test (30 fps or 10 fps video and GPS) reported significantly lower distances (−3.2, −5.1 and −8.5%, p &lt; 0.0001) but were deemed useful based on sample rate and body positioning difference. Intra-method reliability was good (CV = 2.5−2.6%) but requires visual inspection for dataset errors. Informed-colour filtered automated tracking on-water was not possible, but manual tracking provided fewer dataset errors than dry-land automated tracking. GPS significantly (p &lt; 0.0001) under reports distance travelled at key moments during real-world slalom with a bias ± SD of 2.26 ± 2.07 m compared to 10 fps manual-aerial video tracking. The aerial video combined with manual tracking proved most suitable for tracking canoe slalom athlete trajectory in a real-world setting but needs to be automated into an application-based package to make it useable for coaches. GPS, as presented, provides insight but does not accurately quantify movements critical in determining the performance of canoe slalom.

Examining Physical Fitness and Training Strategies for Chinese Elite Canoe Slalom Players

Research showed that aerobic metabolism is one of the main energy supply for slalom athletes in training and competition (Jan Busta et al., 2018). To assist canoe slalom players improving their performance, it would be beneficial to examine the top canoe slalom athletes’ physical fitness status and their training protocols. By comparing the difference of the fitness status and training protocols, we may develop an optimal training protocol to improve the athletes’ physical fitness and their performance. In this study, the world top athletes and Chinese elite players’ fitness status was compared. The goal was to help Chinese players to reach the top level in world competitions. Fifteen elite canoe slalom players were recruited from the Chinese national team (age: 21 ± 2 years; 3 female and 12 male elite athletes). The fitness tests included bench push and bench pull for maximum strength (1RM) and endurance strength (40% 1RM for 120 seconds). 300-meter speed race in flat water was used as a comparison indicator of athlete's basic paddling speed ability, owing to the courses of slalom races differ. The physiology tests were VO2max, heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (BLA). All the data were collected during the winter training session in 2016. The HSIRB approved the data collection procedures. Descriptive statistics were calculated and analyzed using SPSS 25. The comparisons were made between Chinese elite athletes and world top athletes. For the VO2max/kg, the results showed that the Chinese elite canoe slalom female players (50.8 ± 2.19 ml/kg/min) fell 0.68 standard deviation (SD) lower than the world top level while males (56.03 ± 2.95ml/kg/min) fell 0.70SD lower. The maximum strength of bench push were 96 ± 4.1kg (female)and 125 ± 15.3kg (male). The bench pull were 81 ± 1.4kg (female) and 110 ± 5.8kg (male). The endurance strength repetition results of bench push were 91.3 ± 14.3 (female) and 80.8 ± 7.2 (male), the bench pull were 87 ± 6.7 (female) and 83.3 ± 7.6 (male). The result of 300-meter speed race in flat water showed that the Chinese male kayakers (100.1 ± 0.3s) was significantly slower than international male kayakers (88.1 ± 7.7s) (t = 1.56, p = 0.0594). Chinese male kayakers’ heart rate (170 ± 3 bpm, tested immediately) was slower and lactic acid level (15.4 ± 1.4 mmol/L, tested 3 minutes after) was higher, comparing with the world top kayakers. Chinese elite players’ aerobic metabolism, strength and speed statistically fell behind of world top players in canoe slalom. In order to be competitive at the world top level race (e.g., 202 Tokyo Olympics), the Chinese elite canoe slalom players may need to add more proportion of aerobic training, endurance strength and speed training.This study analyzed the performance of gender differences in value orientation of physical education teachers in junior and senior high schools. Researcher selected 16 middle school PE teachers(8 males and 8 females) in China under the premise of controlling the environment（all objects work in first-tier urbans）, education background (same degree and graduated from same university) and working years (3 years). Participants’ value orientation was assessed with the value orientation scale and individual interviews. The results illustrated that female teachers rated the self-actualization index and social responsibility index the highest, while male counterparts were more likely to orient teaching towards disciplinary mastery and learning process. Interview data further confirmed the assertion. Compared to females, male teachers were more masculine- and authoritative- oriented, more likely to be dominant in terms of skill acquisition and sports development based on students’ interests. However, female teachers were better at carry out teaching through praise, encouragement and patient communication. A systematic analysis of the gender difference in value orientation and underneath reasons leading to the difference is needed to enhance teaching and cultivate talents in physical education.

Canoe slalom C1 stroke technique during international competitions

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency and duration of on-side and off-side strokes and stroke transitions between male and female canoe slalom athletes during international competitions. We analysed 33 International Canoe Federation World Cup, World Championship and European Canoe Association Championship canoe slalom race videos, from 2018 to 2020, frame-by-frame. We recorded drive durations and transition durations for each race run. We also recorded the frequency of different stroke types and transition types used in each run. Stroke timing parameters differed between female and male athletes. We found that female athletes performed a significantly greater proportion of switch transitions and on-side strokes. Male athletes performed a significantly greater proportion of cross transitions and off-side strokes. Male athletes performed significantly faster cross transitions. On-on and off-off transition durations were significantly faster than cross transitions, and cross transitions were significantly faster than switch transitions. Females had a significantly longer drive duration and lower stroke frequency compared to males. Overall, stroke and drive durations of on-side strokes and off-side strokes were not significantly different. This study identifies stroke technique differences between male and female canoe slalom athletes which can be used as a basis for future research and training.

An investigation of a Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score in elite canoe slalom: Establishing measurement properties to make practice recommendations

ObjectiveTo investigate the test-retest reliability and validity of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score (KJOC) in elite Canoe Slalom athletes and determine its ability to predict future shoulder pain. DesignObservational study with embedded test-retest reliability study. SettingBritish Canoe Slalom National Training Centre. ParticipantsNineteen athletes from the British Canoe Slalom team for the 2019 season. Main outcome measuresThe KJOC was completed at the start of winter training and start of the 2019 competitive season. Current, historical (6-months pre-questionnaire) and prospective (4-months post-questionnaire) shoulder injuries were recorded. ResultsTest-retest reliability was found to be excellent (ICC3,1 = 0.97), with a minimal detectable change (MDC95%) of 6.7. Compared to uninjured athletes, currently injured and historically injured athletes scored significantly lower (p = 0.002 and p = 0.011, respectively), with the difference between means > MDC95%. A cut-off of 88 was found to be predictive of shoulder pain (AUC: 0.779; sensitivity: 0.60; specificity: 0.95; positive likelihood ratio: 11.4). ConclusionThe KJOC demonstrated excellent reliability and can distinguish between athletes with and without current or historical shoulder pain. A KJOC score of <88 was associated with increased risk of shoulder pain. The KJOC should be completed as part of a risk profile for shoulder pain.

Intra-rater reliability, inter-rater reliability and minimal detectable change of the posterior shoulder endurance test in elite athletes

ObjectiveInvestigate intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the posterior shoulder endurance test (PSET) and calculate minimal detectable change (MDC) to establish measurement properties and inform use of the PSET in practice. Study designTest-retest reliability. Setting: British Canoe Slalom National Training Centre. ParticipantsTwelve participants (7 male, 5 female; 22.5 ± 4.48 years; 73.4 ± 6.36 kg) were investigated by two physiotherapists with >10 years’ experience. Main outcome measureIntraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for intra-rater reliability (ICC 3,1) and inter-rater reliability (ICC 2,1) and used to calculate MDC. ResultsIntra-rater reliability scores were 0.84 and 0.85 for rater A and B, respectively, with 95% confidence interval (CI) crossing moderate to excellent reliability for both raters (0.5–0.75 and > 0.9). Inter-rater reliability scores were 0.74 and 0.63 at baseline and follow-up, respectively, with 95% CI crossing poor to good reliability in both time points (<0.5 and >0.75). MDC95% for intra-rater scores was 6 repetitions, MDC95% for inter-rater scores was 8 repetitions at baseline and 9 repetitions at follow-up. ConclusionThe PSET has acceptable intra-rater reliability but further work is needed to narrow the CI to an appropriate level for inter-rater reliability. The MDC calculated helps clinicians interpret changes in tests scores.

Long flight by plane and prevention of related complications in the context of the upcoming XXXII Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020 (2021)

During the Canoe Slalom Trainers od Polish Canoe Federation Conference, the topic of traveling to Tokyo in the context of the upcoming Olympic Games was discussed. Long flight – from Poland it is about 11 hours, time zone change may be the cause of Jet lag and economy class syndrom (ECS). Currently, during the upcoming Tokyo 2021, the topic returns. And the long journey and the time difference especially concern the players from Europe. They are associated with: sudden change of time zone syndrome, i.e. Jet lag, ECS, exposure to dehydration and electrolyte disturbances and infections – mainly viral, hearing and labyrinth disorders. All of these can significantly affect the physical and mental condition and sports results at the most important event for players. Therefore, it is important to introduce the prophylaxis of these ailments, especially the most annoying time change syndrome, and in the case of players from Europe, more intense due to the direction and length of the trip. Traveling east, unfortunately, is associated with more severe symptoms than in the opposite direction – west. The aforementioned prophylaxis should be associated with changes in life­style, nutrition and adequate hydration of the body before the trip and during the flight. In addition, you should reach the place of the event in good time in order to acclimatize and adjust the body to the circadian rhythm. In the case of an economy-class syndrome associated with the possibility of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), or even stroke, appropriate prophylaxis and behavior patterns should also be implemented during a long flight of more than 6 hours. Appropriate change in the rhythm and length of training sessions before the trip, nutrition and fluid supply, behavior pattern, and sometimes even pharmacological support with permitted drugs, allows you to optimally prepare for the start.

Investigation of the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test in elite canoe/kayak slalom athletes

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation of arm length with different CKCUEST measures and determine if a modification of the test position (modified-CKCUEST), or normalisation of the CKCUEST (normalised-CKCUEST) score after testing, control for arm length most effectively. Study designQuasi Experimental. SettingBritish Canoe Slalom National Training Centre. ParticipantsThirteen (5 male, 8 female) asymptomatic national squad canoe/kayak slalom athletes were recruited during winter profiling. Main outcome measureThree measures of the CKCUEST were investigated. The CKCUEST, hands 36 inches apart; modified-CKCUEST, hands arm width apart (measured as C7 spinous process to tip of middle finger); and normalised-CKCUEST (measured as CKCUEST score/arm length). ResultsA significant positive correlation was found between arm length and the CKCUEST score (r = 0.807; p = 0.001) and normalised-CKCUEST score (r = 0.654; p = 0.015). No significant correlation was found between the modified-CKCUEST score and arm length (p = 0.745). A statistically significant difference between narrow and wide hand positions, greater than the minimal detectable change, was found (p = 0.000). ConclusionsArm length has a significant impact on CKCUEST score. The modified-CKCUEST score corrected for arm length where the normalised-CKCUEST score did not. Modifying the CKCUEST to individual anthropometrics needs to be performed pre-testing when comparisons are being made between individuals or groups.

Developing a Strength and Conditioning Technical Framework: An Example From a Canoe Slalom National Performance Program

ABSTRACT Canoe slalom requires technical ability, well-developed energetics, a high level of maximum force production, and range of movement to perform a variety of complex paddle stokes, while maneuvering through a challenging whitewater course. The strength and conditioning (S&amp;C) coach should provide strategic direction across a network or department including S&amp;C coaches working toward identified outcomes and measures. S&amp;C coaches should collaborate with a multidisciplinary support team (i.e., sport coaches, physiotherapists, physiologists, etc.) to develop a technical framework. The technical framework may allow for development of training strategies that provide a clear breakdown of the outcomes, adaptations, exercises, and testing methods. The current article articulates this process related to a canoe slalom national performance program.