Candle Wax Research Articles

Unraveling melorheostosis: insights into clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment

Abstract Melorheostosis is a rare bone disease characterized by abundant bone formation with a characteristic radiographic appearance that resembles “dripping candle wax.” Recent data has shown that the majority of cases are due to somatic activating mutations in bone. Melorheostosis has several clinical and radiographic presentations, which are now known to be caused by different somatic mutations such as MAP2K1, SMAD3, KRAS, and LEMD3. This review provides a comprehensive look at the clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and current treatment options for melorheostosis, alongside future research directions aimed at improving patient outcomes.

Melorheostosis (Leri's Disease): A Review.

Melorheostosis is a noncancerous bone disease characterized by abnormal bone and soft tissue growth. Despite being identified almost a century ago, there are still many unknown aspects surrounding this condition. It can often be an incidental discovery, with patients experiencing associated pain and deformities. Diagnosis typically relies on X-rays, although not all cases exhibit the classic candle wax appearance. A new imaging sign known as the "dumpling on a plate sign" has been proposed for flat bones for both MRI and CT scans. A biopsy may be necessary in cases of uncertainty, as there is not a definitive histological feature. It is not uncommon for melorheostosis to be linked with other conditions, and a collaborative approach involving a multidisciplinary team should be considered. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sclerotic bone conditions. Management is generally aimed at symptom relief, either through conservative measures or surgical intervention.

Versatile Application of Polymeric Gel Using Gelatin Polymer

Fragrance chemicals have been utilized to refresh the air and hide smells since antiquity. Electric air fresheners have a 30% market share, sprays, including aerosol air fresheners, have a 27% market share, car air fresheners have a 16% market share, gel air fresheners have a 9% market share, candle air fresheners and wax melts have a 7% market share, liquid air fresheners have a 6% market share, and others. According to research studies, 34.7% of the population in the United States experienced health concerns such as migraine headaches and respiratory difficulties after being exposed to fragranced items. As a result, there are various studies that show that fragmented items might have harmful health impacts on the general population.Given that air, fresheners have been linked to undesirable negative health impacts, the motivation for developing a greener and healthier method of synthesis of gel air fresheners. The gel air fresheners in this work were created utilizing a simple and green sol-gel reaction that included natural biodegradable polymer gelatin and mogra essence, as well as silver nanoparticles and ampicillin drug for antibacterial gel. In any case, the gel air freshener made from mogra essence is safer for human health than commercially available ones. According to the findings of this investigation, there should be future improvements in stability.Weanalyze the property of the gel from different analysis methods like SEM, TGA, FTIR, and XRD.

A cost-effective and facile technique for realizing fabric based microfluidic channels using beeswax and PVC stencils.

Microfluidic channels fabricated over fabrics or papers have the potential to find substantial application in the next generation of wearable healthcare monitoring systems. The present work focuses on the fabrication procedures that can be used to obtain practically realizable fabric-based microfluidic channels (μFADs) utilizing patterning masks and wax, unlike conventional printing techniques. In this study, comparative analysis was used to differentiate channels obtained using different masking tools for channel patterning as well as different wax materials as hydrophobic barriers. Drawbacks of the conventional tape and candle wax technique were noted and a novel approach was used to create microfluidic channels through a facile and simple masking technique using PVC clear sheets as channel stencils and beeswax as the channel barriers. The resulting fabric based microfluidic channels with varying widths as well as complex microchannel, microwell, and micromixer designs were investigated and a minimum channel width resolution of 500 μm was successfully obtained over cotton based fabrics. Thereafter, the PVC clear sheet-beeswax based microwells were successfully tested to confine various organic and inorganic samples indicating vivid applicability of the technique. Finally, the microwells were used to make a simple and facile colorimetric assay for glucose detection and demonstrated effective detection of glucose levels from 10 mM to 50 mM with significant color variation using potassium iodide as the coloring agent. The above findings clearly suggest the potential of this alternative technique for making low-cost and practically realizable fabric based diagnostic devices (μFADs) in contrast to the other approaches that are currently in use.

Melorheostosis Involving the Hip Joint.

Teaching point: Melorheostosis is a rare sclerosing bone dysplasia, characterized by sclerosis at the periosteal and/or endosteal side of the cortex, causing undulating thickening of the bony contour resembling "dripping candle wax."

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISATION OF GUM ARABIC BONDED PARTICLE BOARD MADE FROM RICE HUSK AND CANDLE WAX

Particle boards from wood sources have negative impacts on the environment through deforestation. Binders from synthetic sources are also not economical due to high costs in some parts of the world. Agricultural waste materials like rice husk (RH) and readily available natural binders like gum Arabic (GA) are proposed as alternative component materials in particle board manufacture. This study therefore investigates the engineering performance of gum Arabic bonded particle board made from rice husk and candle wax. RH was kept at a constant 70% in the mixture, CW and GA were alternated at 0/30%, 5/25%, 10/20%, 15/15%, 20/10%, and 25/5 % respectively. The mixture was passed through cold and hot presses with compressions to produce particle board samples. The samples were micro-characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The Gum arabic bonded particle board were subjected to various engineering tests. The SEM results showed poor compaction of the material especially as CW content increased. The EDS results showed that caron and silica constituted about 75% of the matrix indicating free of toxic substances. The maximum compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths were 3.88, 0.33 and 1.90 N/mm2 respectively at 10/20% mix even with the lowest density of 565.29 kg/m3. The water absorption and swelling in thickness decreased significantly with increase of CW with values of 2.72 and 0.00% at 25/5 %. The boards may be classified as medium-density since the densities were above 560Kg/m3.

Analisis Kinerja Green Supply Chain Management Pada UMKM Batik Seni Pendopo

One of the world's most famous native Indonesian cultures is batik. A good batik industry must be able to produce superior batik according to market needs with quality standards, the environment, human rights and employment issues. Batik craftsmen have weak tools, use velvet chemicals, handle water and a high amount of water, and are inefficient in handling wax and other processing agents. Batik Seni Pendopo is one of the batik businesses that practices GSCM. Dokani Svetsini needs to manage mezimuzi kineria green manufacturing at Batik Seni Pendopo so that it can continue to operate its business, maintain the surrounding environment, and implement the proposed semparikan persang mezimuzi results consistently. This research uses a qualitative case study type, using the green SCOR and AHP methods. From the results of Mezurisi Ergirden, the performance value is 77.43, which means good. Of the 13 KPIs, there are several KPIs that have unsatisfactory performance, namely energy use, waste produced by % of products produced, production costs, installation costs, waste management, efficiency, stamping, batik canting. Improvements that are important in this business are minimizing the handling of electricity, handling raw materials for candle wax and water, managing candle wax for business income, modifying the management so that the cash that goes to Milan can be milled, and where farmers design and canting so that the production process is faster.

Complementary Role of Skeletal Scintigraphy in a Case of Polyostotic Melorheostosis

Melorheostosis is an atypical sclerosing bone dysplasia also known as "candle bone disease," "melting wax syndrome," or "Leri disease," with an incidence rate of less than one in every million. The diagnosis is usually made by the radiographic appearance of "dripping candle wax" on the affected bone cortex. We describe the case of a 35-year-old male patient who presented with a long history of different joint swelling, notably in the small joints of the right hand, left foot, and ankle. He was thoroughly investigated to rule out all other possible causes of swelling before being diagnosed with melorheostosis with osteopoikilosis based on radiological patterns. The patient was referred to our institute for a bone scan, which not only showed correlation with X-ray findings but also revealed involvement of the axial skeleton, which is a rare incidence in this disorder. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 25(2): 147-150, 2022

CASE REPORT OF A RARE DISEASE : MELORHEOSTOSIS

Introduction: Melorheostosis is a rare, non-genetic, non-developmental, sclerosing developmental dysplasia of bone and adjacent soft tissue. The characteristic radiographic appearance is that of candle wax dripping. Diagnosis is usually based on classical radiographic appearance rather than clinical picture. A 26 year old female with Case report: dull aching pain over upper third left leg and knee with limitation in movements and associated swelling. On examination tenderness and limitation of movements were present. Plain radiograph showed extensive, dense, undulating or irregular cortical hyperostosis, resembling candle wax dripping along length of left tibia suggestive of Melorheostosis and MRI showed features of Osteopathica striata of left femur and Osteopoikilosis of left hip joint. Inj. Zolindronic acid given. Physiotherapy was started to avoid contractures. Lab investigations in Melorheostosis is usua Conclusion: lly normal. Exact pathophysiology of the disease remains uncertain. No curative treatment options are available. Bisphosphonates, Denosumab and physiotherapy are the available options for treatment.

Leveraging Deep Learning to Fingerprint Spoof Detectors: Hitherto and Futuristic Perspectives

Fingerprints being the most widely employed biometric trait, due to their high acceptability and low sensing cost, have replaced the traditional methods of human authentication. Although, the deployment of these biometrics-based recognition systems is accelerating, they are still susceptible to spoofing attacks where an attacker presents a fake artifact generated from silicone, candle wax, gelatin, etc. To safeguard sensor modules from these attacks, there is a requirement of an anti-deception mechanism known as fingerprint spoof detectors (FSD) also known as anti-spoofing mechanisms. A lot of research work has been carried out to design fingerprint anti-spoofing techniques in the past decades and currently, it is oriented towards deep learning (DL)-based modeling. In the field of fingerprint anti-spoofing, since the 2014, the paradigm has shifted from manually crafted features to deep features engineering. Hence, in this study, we present a detailed analysis of the recent developments in DL based FSDs. Additionally, we provide a brief comparative study of standard evaluation protocols that include benchmark anti-spoofing datasets as well as performance evaluation metrics. Although significant progress has been witnessed in the field of DL-based FSDs, still challenges are manifold. Therefore, we investigated these techniques critically to list open research issues along with their viable remedies that may put forward a future direction for the research community. The majority of the research work reveals that deep feature extraction for fingerprint liveness detection demonstrates promising performance in the case of cross-sensor scenarios. Though convolution neural network (CNN) models extract deep-level features to improve the classification accuracy, their increased complexity and training overhead is a tradeoff between both the parameters. Furthermore, enhancing the performance of presentation attack detection (PAD) techniques in the cross-material scenario is still an open challenge for researchers.

Physicochemical Properties and Cookie-Making Performance as Fat Replacer of Wax-Based Rice Bran Oil Oleogels.

Reducing the intake of trans and saturated fatty acids is a trend in healthy eating. In this study, the oleogels were prepared from rice bran oil (RBO), candle wax (CDW), beeswax (BW), rice bran wax (RBW), and carnauba wax (CRW), respectively, and the results based on their physicochemical properties and crystal structures at critical concentrations, 6 wt.%, 8 wt.%, and 10 wt.%, were determined to further investigate the oleogels as a shortening substitute in cookie recipes. Oleogel has a smooth, spreadable β' crystal shape which creates excellent sensory properties and improves the texture, but also has some economic benefits. A comparison between the oleogels formed at critical concentrations and those with improved mass fractions was performed in several analyses such as PLM and texture, and the oleogels with higher mass fractions had a greater hardness and stickiness and denser crystal structures. This study was used to optimize the cookie recipe by partially replacing shortening with oleogel and preparing the cookies according to the 0:1, 3:7, 1:1, 7:3, 1:0 oleogel shortening mixture, respectively. Based on the results of the textural analysis, a colorimetric and sensory evaluation of the optimized formulation of oleogels in cookies, it was evident that BW and RBW oleogels have more potential to replace shortening in cookies than CDW and CRW oleogels. In particular, oleogels with a concentration of 6 wt.% RBW (RBW-6) and at a 7:3 (oleogel:shortening) shortening replacement exhibited a hardness and crispness of 15.75 N and 97.73 g, respectively, with an L* value of 66.66 and a sensory score of 22.32 ± 0.09. The value for the color perception difference (dE) between the cookies and the control group was -3.73, which allowed us to obtain a good product with a quality and characteristics similar to shortening. This supports the feasibility of new solid fats to replace traditional plastic fats in baked goods.

Investigation of the thermal properties of candle wax material

Indoor air quality is a key aspect of people staying inside buildings. Combustion processes have been identified as one of the most important sources of pollutants in the indoor environment. Proper HVAC design must account for all sources and variations in their intensity, such as also the burning of candles, which produce not only increased amounts of carbon dioxide as a result of the combustion of the organic matrix, but also often dangerous organic substances. On the other hand, the candle burning represents an energy source as well. This article deals with the study of thermal decomposition of selected candle material using methods of thermal analysis - thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The wax material analyzed was identified as a mixture of palm stearin and paraffin. During the candle wax material heating, the energy up to 772.6 J per 1 g of material can be released in dependence on the heating rate.

Fabrication and Evaluation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces Using Carbon Soot and Different Adhesives

The aim of this research is to create self-cleaning hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) on a glass substrate. Carbon soot has been deposited from the candle flame in order to manufacture a SHS on glass slides. The water contact angle (WCA) and roll-off angle were measured after carbon soot deposition using a test rig built in the laboratory. Further, to make SHS on glass slides more robust, candle wax and vassilline were applied on a glass substrate with or without roughening it using emery paper of grade (P80, P220 & P400). The highest WCA was 160° for a candle sooted on glass roughened with emery paper of grade P80 using vassilline as an adhesive. The mechanical durability of the prepared surfaces has been investigated using a peel-off technique with highly glue adhesive tape. The WCA was measured after each peel-off to check the changes in the degree of wettability of the fabricated surface. From the investigation, it has also been observed that more roughened glass slides show more resistance to the removal of carbon soot.

Melorheostosis or "Dripping Candle Wax" Bone Disease.

Melorheostosis, also known as Leri-Joanny disease,1 is a very rare skeletal dysplasia manifesting as regions of bone sclerosis with a characteristic flowing candle wax appearance in the classical form of the disease. In addition to this classical pattern, 3 other types of melorheostosis have been described: osteoma-like, osteopathia striata-like, and myositis ossificans-like.

Solid alcohol biofuel based on waste cooking oil: Preparation, properties, micromorphology, heating value optimization and its application as candle wax

The use of a mixture design technique to maximize the energy content of waste cooking oil (WCO) from catering establishments in Iran to make solid alcohol biofuel (SABF) was investigated. Original waste cooking oil (O–WCO) was centrifuged to obtain a supernatant (S–WCO) and a bottom phase (B–WCO) for biodiesel and SABF production, respectively. Micromorphology analysis showed the presence of fatty acid solid salts homogeneously scattered in ethanol at 100 °C and created a three-dimensional porous polycrystalline network after chilling, that enclosed the ethanol molecules and generated SABF. Optimal reaction conditions were 0.2 wt% alcohol, 0.0275 wt% NaOH, 0.7725 wt% B–WCO, and 45 min reaction time, for a maximum energy content of 8715.23 kcal/kg (36.46 MJ/kg), similar to natural gas, and higher than control groups, including SABF based on O–WCO, S–WCO, and butter, or some fossil fuels. Furthermore, this study investigates how the SABF heating value rose when the WCO's iodine value declined. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using SABF and candle wax, which has many advantages such as a high melting point, is environmentally friendly, produces no harmful gas emissions, has a long combustion time, leaves little combustion residue, is perfectly hygienic, and is easy to transport and storage.

A case of spinal melorheostosis.

Melorheostosis is a rare bone dysplasia of unknown etiology with an incidence of 0.9 cases per million. It typically affects the upper or lower limbs and can cause severe deformity and functional impairment. Diagnosis is radiological and is often described as a “flowing candle wax” appearance on the radiograph. Treatment is individualized depending on the site and severity of symptoms. We report a rare case of spinal melorheostosis. We demonstrate the imaging features of melorheostosis on CT and MRI. We discuss the classification, genetics, and management of this condition.

Metal Ion Improved Properties of Burning Candle

Irvingia gabonensis seed oil was extracted, characterized, and used in the production of metallic soaps of calcium, magnesium, and aluminium for application as hardeners for candle wax. The percentage free fatty acid (as oleic acid) is 2.76, the acid value is 5.50, unsaponifiable matter is 0.12 and the viscosity is 205.70×102 Kgm-1S-1. The seed oil contains eight fatty acids; the most abundant being myristic acid with 54.39% followed by lauric acid with 36.83%. The percentage saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are 93.19%, 6.27% and 0.54%, respectively. The free fatty acid content of the soaps is in the order aluminium soap > magnesium soap > calcium soap. The metallic content of the soaps revealed that aluminium soap has the highest metallic content of 8.10% while that of calcium and magnesium soaps have 0.03% and 0.02% metallic contents, respectively. The melting points of the soaps prepared also followed a similar pattern. The aluminium soap exhibited mild acidic nature while calcium and magnesium soaps were basic. Although the lumens of the metallic soap candles were similar to that of local commercial candles which served as control, the candles had higher melting points and reduced burning rate. It is concluded from these that the metallic soaps make the candles harder and, longer lasting during burning and of greater value to the common user. Production of candles with metallic soaps as additives is highly advocated.

Effect of Wax Coating on Post Harvest Quality Parameters and Sensory Characteristics of Oranges

Various wax preservatives (Aloe vera gel, polyethene film, Candle wax, and Control) were evaluated to determine their effect on sensory characteristics (color, texture, and overall acceptability) of sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis) preserved at ambient temperature for 21 days. The goal of this study is to extend the shelf life of harvested oranges by the application of Aloe Vera wax, paraffin wax and polyethylene film to evaluate the treatment that will enhance physico-chemical parameters as well sensory characteristics. Other parameters examined were weight loss, pH, Total sugar (brix), Total solid, ash, moisture and vitamin C content. Results indicated that weight loss was observed across samples, however the weight loss was least with Aloe vera coated oranges which showed a significantly higher weight value (170.57 gm) after 3 weeks of storage. Sensory profile results showed that Aloe vera coated oranges had higher color and overall acceptability scores of 6.65 and 7.20 respectively. Also, the aloes vera coated oranges showed higher vitamin C content (24.15 mg/100 ml), indicating that oranges coated with Aloe vera gel prevented the deterioration of vitamin C during the period of storage.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) – A case report

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is a non inflammatory systemic disease affecting axial skeleton which results in ossification and calcification of spinal ligaments and entheses. The pathophysiology of the disease is poorly understood. The closest differential diagnosis for DISH remains ankylosing spondylitis. Further research is necessary to treat the disease and to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients affected with DISH. This article reports a patient with DISH and its management in a tertiary care hospital. Keywords: Forestier’s disease, Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, Calcification, Ossification, Anterior longitudinal ligament, Candle wax, Ankylosing spondylitis, Syndesmophytes.

A practical lab on composite materials and sensors, enhanced with electrical percolation threshold theory

Composites based on candle wax and pencil graphite were fabricated with different concentrations of graphite in the range 0% w/w to 70% w/w. These composites were fabricated (‘ironed’) into a sandwich structure with kitchen aluminum foil serving as electrodes. The composites’ electrical resistance was measured and it was found that the composite with 15% w/w of graphite was the best choice for further investigation according to the percolation theory of electrical conductivity thresholds. The wax–graphite composites were subjected to impact forces from a basketball, measured by the school’s PASCO equipment. A calibration curve of the specific electrical resistance versus the force of impact was constructed. Following the standards of the International Basketball Federation (FIBA), the quality of the basketball was evaluated in terms of the bounce height of a free-falling ball and the force acting on the ball during the impact with the floor. The wax–graphite composite with a threshold concentration of 15% w/w graphite proved to be a sensitive sensor for measuring the impact force, even when small forces were under investigation. The project as presented here could be used as a laboratory topic for advanced level high school physics or undergraduate lab work in materials science or applied physics.