Cancers Of Colorectum Research Articles

Colorectal metastasis from female genital system neoplasm in colonoscopy biopsy specimen mimicking primary colorectum cancer: a clinicopathological analysis of ten cases

Colorectal metastasis from female genital system neoplasm in colonoscopy biopsy specimen mimicking primary colorectum cancer: a clinicopathological analysis of ten cases

Cancer in Southeast Asia: A comparative analysis of 2022 incidence and mortality data.

10564 Background: Southeast Asia (SEA), home to over 680 million people representing almost 9% of the global population, is amongst the most diverse and fastest-growing regions in the world. This study evaluates cancer incidence and mortality in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries with the goal of informing future research, health services, and cancer policy in the region. Methods: The number of new cases of and deaths from the leading cancers in the ASEAN region, colorectum including anus (ICD-10 C18-C21), liver including intrahepatic bile ducts (C22), lung including trachea and bronchus (C33-34), female breast (C50), cervix uteri (C53) and prostate (C61), were extracted from the International Agency for Research on Cancer GLOBOCAN 2022 database for the 10 ASEAN countries by sex and age groups. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR) per 100,000 person-years are presented. Results: In 2022, breast cancer was the most common cancer among women in all ten ASEAN countries (ASIR: Singapore 72.6, Philippines 60.3, Brunei 50.2, Malaysia 46.1, Indonesia 41.8, Vietnam 38.0, Thailand 37.4, Laos 31.6, Cambodia 25.1, Myanmar 23.4). Breast cancer was also the most common cause of cancer mortality among women in five ASEAN countries (ASMR: Philippines 21.5, Malaysia 19.3, Singapore 17.8, Vietnam 14.7, Indonesia 14.4). In Thailand for which time trends are available, ASIR has risen from 19 per 100,000 in 2000 to 37.4 per 100,000 in 2022. Lung cancer was the most common cancer among men in the Philippines (ASIR 37.7), Malaysia (ASIR 23.3), Myanmar (ASIR 21.6), and Indonesia (ASIR 21.3). Lung cancer is also the leading cause of cancer death among men in the Philippines (ASMR 33.6), Singapore (ASMR 31.9), Brunei Darussalam (ASMR 23.8), Malaysia (ASMR 20.4), Myanmar (ASMR 19.9), and Indonesia (ASMR 19.0). Lung cancer is also the leading cause of cancer death among women in Brunei Darussalam (ASMR 18.4). Liver cancer contributes the greatest incidence and mortality among men in Cambodia (ASIR 39.4, ASMR 37.2), Laos (ASIR 36.5, ASMR 36.4), Vietnam (ASIR 34.9, ASMR 33.3), and Thailand (ASIR 34.4, ASMR 33.4). Liver cancer was also the leading cause of cancer death among women in Laos (ASMR 13.5), Cambodia (ASMR 13.3), and Thailand (ASMR 12.1). Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death amongst women in Myanmar (ASMR 13.4). Colorectum cancer is the most common cancer in men in Singapore (ASIR 39.4) and Brunei Darussalam (ASIR 37.7). Conclusions: In 2022, cancer incidence and mortality in SEA were driven primarily by breast cancer among women and lung cancer among men. Liver cancer drives incidence and mortality in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. Cervical cancer and colorectal cancer are also significant contributors to incidence and mortality in SEA. Regional and global collaboration is needed to improve cancer prevention, access to diagnosis and care, and research in Southeast Asia.

Heritability of cancers in Japanese population: Estimation from recent cohort data.

Cancers are genetically categorized into common diseases showing a so-called multifactorial inheritance except for rare familial cancers. And as a measure to estimate the strength of genetic factors in the multifactorial diseases, heritability (h2)is generally used. However, there have been few reports on the estimation of heritability for cancers. We calculated the heritability from the incidence in subject population and the familial recurrence rate in first-degree relatives of the affected for cancers quoting the data from a large-scale prospective cohort study by Hidaka et al. published in 2020. This is the first report for heritability of any cancers in Japanese population. The results showed that heritability of overall cancers in Japanese population is 0.064, which is much lower than Nordic population reported by Mucci et al. that was 0.33. For individual cancers, stomach cancer (h2 = 0.14), colorectum cancer (0.006), lung cancer (0.08) and uterine cancer (0.16) accounted for half of the total patients, and each heritability tends to be lower than previously reported for the European descent. The results of this study suggest that heritability of cancers varies greatly by ethnicity. And these results should be important in terms of cancer genetics and in the genetic counseling for cancers.

A near-infrared fluorescent probe with two-photon excitation for in situ imaging of NQO1 in human colorectum cancer tissue

Colorectum cancer has become one of the most fatal cancer diseases, in which NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) plays a role in intracellular free radical reduction and detoxification and has been linked to colorectum cancer and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, rational design of optical probe for NQO1 detection is urgent for the early diagnosis of colorectum cancer. Herein, we have developed a novel two-photon fluorescent probe, WHFD, which is capable of selectively detecting of intracellular NQO1 with two-photon (TP) absorption (800 nm) and near-infrared emission (620 nm). Combination with a substantial Stokes shift (175 nm) and biocompatibility, we have assessed its suitability for in vivo imaging of endogenous NQO1 activities from HepG2 tumor-bearing live animals with high tissue penetration up to 300 μm. Particularly, we for the first time used the probe to image NQO1 activities from human colorectum cancer samples by using TP microscopy, and proving our probe possesses reliable diagnostic performance to directly in situ imaging of cancer biomarker and can clearly distinguish the boundary between human colorectum cancer tissue and their surrounding normal tissue, which shows great potential for the intraoperative navigation.

Productivity losses from short-term work absence due to neoplasms in Poland

Previous evidence on productivity losses from neoplasms focuses mostly on the economic burden from mortality, covers single cancer diagnoses and neglects non-malignant neoplasms. This study aims to broaden this perspective by analysing losses resulting from work absence and all neoplasm diagnoses. The analysis applies the human capital method and social insurance data to estimate productivity losses attributable to neoplasm-related short-term work absence in Poland in the period 2012–2022. The productivity losses due to work absence attributable to all neoplasms in Poland were €583 million in 2012 (0.143% of gross domestic product) and they increased to €969 million in 2022 (0.164%). Around 60% of the losses were associated with cancers while the remaining part of the burden was due to non-malignant neoplasms. The neoplasms that led to the highest losses were benign neoplasms, breast cancer, colorectum cancer and prostate cancer. The cancer sites characterised by the greatest losses per absence episode were brain cancer, lung cancer and oesophageal cancer. For most of the neoplasms, we observed increasing losses in an 11-year period analysed. Investing in effective public health policies that tackle neoplasms has the potential to reduce both the health burden and economic losses resulting from these diseases.

Assessing the Quality of YouTube's Incontinence Information after Cancer Surgery: An Innovative Graphical Analysis.

Prostate and colorectum cancers rank among the most common cancers, and incontinence is a significant postsurgical issue affecting the physical and psychological well-being of cancer survivors. Social media, particularly YouTube, has emerged as a vital source of health information. While YouTube offers valuable content, users must exercise caution due to potential misinformation. This study aims to assess the quality of publicly available YouTube videos related to incontinence after pelvic cancer surgery. A search on YouTube related to "Incontinence after cancer surgery" was performed, and 108 videos were analyzed. Multiple quality assessment tools (DISCERN, GQS, JAMA, PEMAT, and MQ-VET) and statistical analyses (descriptive statistics and intercorrelation tests) were used to evaluate the characteristics and popularity, educational value, quality, and reliability of these videos, relying on novel graphical representation techniques such as Sankey and Chord diagrams. Strong positive correlations were found among quality rating scales, emphasizing agreement. The performed graphical analysis reinforced the reliability and validity of quality assessments. This study found strong correlations among five quality scales, suggesting their effectiveness in assessing health information quality. The evaluation of YouTube videos consistently revealed "high" quality content. Considering the source is mandatory when assessing quality, healthcare and academic institutions are reliable sources. Caution is advised with ad-containing videos. Future research should focus on policy improvements and tools to aid patients in finding high-quality health content.

Energy Alterations in Patients with Colon-Rectal Cancer

Introduction: Cancer in colon and rectum are the third most common malignancies diagnosed and second most deadly in both sexes. According to traditional Chinese medicine, patients with cancer has energy deficiency and Heat retention. Purpose: to demonstrate that patients with colorectal cancer has in the back ground energy deficiency and formation of internal Heat in the five internal massive organs (Liver, heart, Spleen, Lungs and Kidney) that is predisposing them to have cancer. Methods: through two cases reports of couple who had diagnosis of rectum cancer (in man) and malignancy tumor in the large intestine in the women. Both underwent to surgery, to take out the tumor. They went to my clinic after a year, for another reason and I measured the energy of the internal five massive organs, according to traditional Chinese medicine’s reasoning, by measuring the chakras’ energy centers using a crystal-pendulum through the radiesthesia procedure. Results: what I found was that all the internal massive organs, that corresponds to the chakras’ energy centers were in the lowest level of energy, rated one out of eight with exception of the seventh chakra, that was normal, rated in eight. Conclusion: the conclusion of this study is that patients with colorectum cancer has energy deficiency in the internal five massive organs. This result is important to us to understand how is formed colorectal cancer, in the energy point of view, because treating this condition of energy deficiency state could be one reason to establish preventive measurement for the formation of all types of cancer, in this case, colorectal cancer

PH-responsive prodrug containing Zr-based MOF and aldehyde-based drug; anionic hydrogel coating as a smart delivery system

In this work, a metal organic framework (MOF)-based prodrug was fabricated via Schiff base reaction between UiO-66-NH2 and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHBD) drug to form DHBD@MOF prodrug containing pH-sensitive C=N bonding. Moreover, a dual pH-responsive drug delivery platform containing (5-Fluorouracil) 5-FU drug and DHBD@MOF prodrug entrapped by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and alginate (Alg.) hydrogel (DHBD@MOF/5-FU@CMC/Ca2+/Alg.) was developed. Then, the characteristics of prodrug and delivery system were analyzed using PXRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM,and BET techniques. The in vitro and cumulative release results revealed that the fabricated platform was protected successfully by hydrogel from burst release in acidic condition of stomach and small intestine so that 1.31% release of DHBD from DHBD@MOF/5-FU@CMC/Ca2+/Alg was recorded after 2.5 h at pH 1.2, while DHDB release from DHBD@MOF prodrug (without hydrogel) was about 90% after 2.5 h at pH 1.2. The synthesized hydrogel could control the release of drug in a smart controlled manner at specific sites so that after hydrogel swelling at intestine and colorectum at pH around 6.5–7.4 and prodrug release, pH-sensitive C=N bonding of DHBD@MOF is cleaved at acidic colorectum cancer sites, and the inactive prodrug is efficiently activated. The hydrogel could successfully control the release of DHBD and 5-FU in SGF (simulated gastric fluid, at different pHs) from DHBD@MOF/5-FU@hydrogel at different pHs of 1.2, 4.5, 7.4 and 6.5, so that the gradual release of DHBD from DDDS in intestine (pH 7.4) and colorectum (pH 6.5) after 8.5 h and 24 was 10.60 and 41.68%, respectively, where 89.40 and 58.32% of inactive DHDB@MOF prodrug after 8.5 and 24 h could access to the acidic tumors (cancer sites). The findings of this research can be applied for medical science and pharmaceutics after completing the in vivo experiments.

DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CANCER AND EXAMINE THE MOST FREQUENT CANCER TYPE ACCORDING TO THEIR GENDER

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of different cancer types and identify the most frequent cancer type by gender. The study was conducted retrospectively in the Department of Internal Medicine at Mayo Hospital, Lahore. A total of 522 patients were included in the study, and the data was collected from 10 different cancer hospitals in Pakistan. The study was six months, from January 2023 to June 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 25. The results showed that Breast cancer was the predominant type of cancer (28.4%), followed closely by Lips oral cavity cancer (23.8%). Colorectum cancer affected 18.0% of patients, while skin cancer was observed in 12.6% of cases. Liver and intrahepatic bile duct, Lung and bronchus, Stomach, and Brain cancer collectively constituted approximately 8.0%, 5.9%, 2.1%, and 1.1%, respectively. The study included 209 (40.0%) male and 313 (60.0%) female patients. The study found that the most common type of cancer differed by gender. Cancers of the lip and oral cavity were the most common in males, while breast cancer was the most frequent cancer type among females.

Proportion and number of incident cancer deaths in coronary artery disease.

Globally, coronary artery disease (CAD) and cancer are the leading causes of death. Studies focusing on the proportion and spectrum of cancer mortality among CAD patients are lacking. We aim to characterize the proportion and spectrum of cancer-specific mortality among patients with CAD. We analyzed 93,797 hospitalized survivors with angiographically documented CAD between 2007 and 2020 (mean age: 62.8 ± 11.1 years, 24.7% female) from Cardiorenal ImprovemeNt II (CIN-II) cohort. During the median follow-up of 4.8 years (IQR: 2.6-7.5), 13,162 (14.0%) patients died after discharge. A total of 1223/7703 (15.8% of cause-specific death) CAD patients died of cancer. The three most common types of cancer-specific death were lung (36.1%), liver (13.3%), and colorectum cancer (12.8%). Furthermore, male (adjusted HR 2.38, 95% CI: 1.99-2.85) and older (≥60 vs. <60 years, adjusted HR 3.25, 95%CI 2.72-3.88) patients had a significantly increased cancer-specific mortality. Our data suggest that nearly one-sixth of death is accounted for cancer among CAD patients within a median follow-up of 4.8 years. Lung, liver, and colorectum cancer are top three cancer-specific mortality. Further studies are needed to reduce cancer mortality for CAD patients, especially in older and male ones. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05050877).

Cancer Statistics in Pakistan From 1994 to 2021: Data From Cancer Registry.

Pakistan has been systematically collecting cancer data since 1994 through cancer registries. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of cancer statistics in Pakistan from 1994 to 2021, including incidence and patterns. The total number of patients with malignant neoplasm was 111,941, and the number of patients registered was 109,863. Most patients were from Punjab (67.6%) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (20.2%). Breast cancer (22.2%), colorectum cancer (5.6%), leukemia (5.3%), lip and oral cavity cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (5.1%) were the top five prevalent cancers in all age groups and sexes. Breast (24.2%), colorectum (6.2%), lip and oral cavity (5.8%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4.4%), and prostate cancers (4.0%) were most common in adults in both sexes. In both sexes, the most common cancers among children were Hodgkin lymphoma (20.1%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (19.8%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (11.6%), osteosarcoma (7.0%), and retinoblastoma (6.2%). Breast (45.9%), ovary and uterine adnexa (4.9%), lip and oral cavity (4.2%), cervix uteri (4.0%), and colorectum cancers (3.9%) were most common in adult females. In adult males, colorectum cancer (8.7%), prostate cancer (8.5%), lip and oral cavity cancer (7.6%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (6.4%), and liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers were the top five most common malignancies. It has been found that breast cancer, colorectum cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, and bone cancer rates are among the highest in Pakistan. This information may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of future intervention strategies.

Exploring the Burden of Cancer in Pakistan: An Analysis of 2019 Data

Cancer has become a growing burden in Pakistan in recent times, posing a significant cause for concern. The World Health Organization has reported a steady increase in the incidence of cancer in Pakistan. According to the present study, breast cancer (24.1%), oral cavity (9.6%), colorectum (4.9%), esophagus (4.2%), and liver cancer (3.9%) were the five most prevalent cancers. Males were more likely to have oral cavity cancer (14.9%), colorectum cancer (6.8%), liver cancer (6.4%), prostate cancer (6.0%), and lung cancer (6.0%). In women (41.6%), breast (6.9%), oral cavity (5.5%), cervix (4.7%), and uterus cancer (4.1%) were the most common cancers. Middle-aged people (43.0%) were most likely to develop cancer, followed by seniors (30.0%) and adults (20.0%). Children and adolescents were most likely to develop cancers of the central nervous system (CNS), leukemia (18.7%), and Hodgkin (17.3%), followed by breast, oral cavity, colorectum, and prostate at other ages. Most patients were from Punjab (40.4%) and Sindh (32.2%). Approximately 30.0% of patients were diagnosed at stage III and stage IV. In terms of registered cases, breast cancer, oral cavity cancer, colon cancer, esophagus cancer, and liver cancer are among the highest. In the future, this information may prove useful for assessing the effectiveness of interventions.

P-300 Study of the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate in patients with colorectum cancer

Colorectal cancer is a real public health problem, it ranks third among cancers in terms of frequency the world and second in terms of mortality. Several environmental and genetic factors participate in the development and progression of this multifactorial disease. It develops from a colorectal adenoma. During of the evolution of tumor cells, the environment is crucial for their survival, growth and progression. The tumor microenvironment has become a privileged target to study new approaches for the treatment of cancers.

Histopathology of Polyps and Cancer of Colorectum: A ten years study from a tertiary care center

Introduction and objectives: Polyps and colorectal cancer have overlapping clinical presentation and may be difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone and close clinicopathological correlation is required for correct diagnosis and management. This study was aimed to see the spectrum of polyps and cancer in colorectum, see the percentage of colorectal cancer in younger individuals, see association between histologic grade and pathologic stage at presentation and compare site of tumor and pathologic stage at presentation in younger and older age group.&#x0D; Methods: This study was carried out on 138 consecutive cases of polyps and malignant lesions of colorectum during a time period of 10 years from January 2011 to December 2020.&#x0D; Results: Age of the patients ranged from 2 – 90 years with mean 45.1 years and a male female ratio 2:1. There were 58 (42.0%) cases of polyps and 80 (58.0%) cases of malignancies. 37 (46.3%) malignancy cases were seen in individuals ≤ 50 years of age. Most common site of involvement was rectum in 80 (58.0%) cases. Most common non-neoplastic polyp was retention polyp comprising 25 (67.6%) and most common neoplastic polyp was adenoma comprising of 18 (85.7%) cases. Most common malignancy was adenocarcinoma comprising 75 (93.8%) cases.&#x0D; Conclusion: Significant number of malignancies is seen in younger individuals stressing the need for suspicion and surveillance in this age group. Histologic grade is an important prognostic parameter and there is no difference in site of tumor and stage at presentation between younger and older age group.

Abstract 2680: Exploration of tumor environment classification using mIHC in pan-cancer tissue samples

Abstract Background: Besides three major biomarkers (PD-L1, TMB and MSI), tumor immune microenvironment is also elemental to predict how patients respond to immunotherapy and their prognosis. According to PD-L1 expression and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, the tumor environment was classified into four types by Chen L. The multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) provides the possibility to characterize the infiltrating immune cells in a single tissue section and classified patients more precisely with multi-biomarkers. Methods: We collected FFPE tissues from 170 cancer patients and performed Tumor Immune Microenvironment tests using a validated commercial assay, which included PD-L1 test (22C3, DAKO) and 7-plex mIHC to quantify and locate CD8+ T cells, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, CD56dim NK cells and CD56bright NK cells. CD8+ T cell positive was defined as ≥median CD8+ T cells density (cells/mm2) in tumor. Positive PD-L1 expression was defined as ≥1% of tumor cells with membranous staining(TPS). Results:In our study, the tissues were collected from colorectum cancer(n=46), biliary tract cancer(n=40), liver cancer(n=38), lung cancer(n=18)and others (n=28). Of the 170 patients, 44.1% were identified as tumor environment Type I (PDL1- /CD8-),11.1% Type II (PDL1+ /CD8+),38.8% Type III (PDL1- /CD8+) and 5.9% Type IV (PDL1+ /CD8-). Type II patients were the most likely subgroup benefit from anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy, who make up 22.2%, 12.5%, 7.8% and 4.3% in Lung, biliary tract cancer, liver cancer, colorectum cancer, respectively. We used unsupervised clustering to cluster patients into 3 groups: immune hot, immune cold and intermediate immunosuppressed, according to the above five kinds of immune cells. The immune hot environment was rich in immune cells and the immune cold environment was lack of immune cells, between which was the intermediate immunosuppressed environment. The proportion of immune hot was 23.5% in 170 patients, 44.8% in PDL1 positive patients and 19.1% in PDL1 negative patients. In addition, no correlation between Immune cells density in tumor /stroma and PD-L1 expression was observed. In our cohort, there was one lung adenocarcinoma patient, female, 37 years old, had positive PDL1 expression (TPS=95%), low TMB, MSS, EGFR/ALK- and carried KRAS G12D mutation, but was identified as immune cold tumor environment, who also had lower immune cell density in tumor than in stroma. During three months of receiving pembrolizumab plus pemetrexed and carboplatin, she quickly had multiple sites metastases. Conclusions: In our study, PDL1 expression and Tumor immune microenvironment are independent. And tumor immune microenvironment varies between Cancer types. Taking multi-biomarkers into consideration might help to evaluate immunotherapy response and resistance comprehensively. Citation Format: Tianhang Luo, Bei Zhang, Yifan Zhou, Fei Wang, Hui Chen, Xiaochen Zhao, Yuezong Bai, Li Li. Exploration of tumor environment classification using mIHC in pan-cancer tissue samples [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2680.

Abstract 181: Pan-cancer clinical genomic profiling in circulating tumor DNA from 7345 Chinese advanced cancer patients

Abstract Purpose: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing was implemented widely in advanced cancer patients for guiding matched therapy, which could avoid invasive specimen collection and tumor heterogeneous. However, clinical ctDNA genomic profiling of Chinese advanced pan-cancer patients is still unknown. Methods: 7624 blood samples were obtained from 7345 Chinese patients with advanced solid tumor, including 3506 lung cancer, 860 liver cancer, 674 colorectum cancer, 343 stomach cancer, 329 biliary tract cancer, 324 breast cancer, and 1588 other 17 tumor types. Genomic alterations (GAs), including SNV/Indels, CNVs, and rearrangements were identified via ctDNA sequencing with a 150 cancer-related gene panel. Potentially actionable GAs was annotated according to OncoKB database. Results: There are 85.2% (6497/7624) samples harbors maximum somatic allele frequency (MSAF) &amp;gt;0.3% and average 5.5 GAs per samples. 21253 known or likely deleterious alterations were identified in 137 genes, and average 3.3 known or likely deleterious GAs per samples. Additionally, 38.4% (2930/7624) samples had at least one potentially actionable GA (PAGA). The most frequently and potentially actionable altered genes were EGFR (13.2%), KRAS (8.6%), PIK3CA (5.1%), ERBB2 (4.0%), FGFR1 (3.6%) and BRAF (3.3%). Importantly, PAGAs in RTK-RAS-MAPK pathway was the most common with 33.7% samples (19.2% SNV/Indels only, 9.8% CNVs only, 1.4% rearrangements only, 3.4% either two or more types of alterations), followed by 5.9% PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, 2.1% TP53/cell cycle pathway, 0.8% Epigenetic pathway, 0.1% Hedgehog pathway, and 0.1% DDR pathway. The samples of at least one PAGA in aforementioned pathways were 53.1% in breast cancer, 49.6% in colorectum cancer, 44.0% in bladder/urinary tract cancer, 43.5% in lung cancer, 39.4% in stomach cancer, respectively. In all, 287 cases with PAGAs in RTK-RAS-MAPK pathway (ROS1, ALK, MET) could benefit from crizotinib; 49 cases with PAGAs in RTK-RAS-MAPK pathway (BRAF) could benefit from vemurafenib; 447 cases with PAGAs in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (PIK3CA, PTEN, AKT1, mTOR) could benefit from everolimus; and 6 cases with PAGAs in DDR pathway (ATM) could benefit from olaparib. Conclusions: The study revealed a comprehensive ctDNA genomic profiling of Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. And further larger cohorts validation for ctDNA sequencing as a diagnostic tool in target-therapy is needed. Citation Format: Wenhua Li, Hui Chen, Yifan Zhou, Danpeng Sun, Bei Zhang, Yuezong Bai, Qingqing Ding. Pan-cancer clinical genomic profiling in circulating tumor DNA from 7345 Chinese advanced cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 181.

Therapeutic application of Resveratrol in human diseases

Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene) is a member of natural and plant-derived chemicals, which is known as polyphenols and it is getting more consideration because of its various health assistances. Largely in the case of neurological problems, cardiovascular disease, antiviral, cancer, antiaging. Although in the past few years, it has been shown that the families of enzymes Sirtuins, particularly situin1 (SIRT1), have an antiaging action. Thus, the natural compound resveratrol shows a very strong activation of SIRT1 and also shows antioxidant properties. The antioxidant effect mainly elicited by the inhibition of important pathways like the NF-ĸβ pathway. This review highlights the antiviral mechanism of resveratrol in human and animal viral infections. And also, information about cancer-related like colorectum cancer, skin cancer and lung cancer are also mentioned. Resveratrol also gives additional cardioprotective and vasoprotective properties, which include antiatherosclerotic action. Overall observation shows that resveratrol has a high therapeutic potential in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, anti-aging, antiviral and in the treatment of cancer.

Can public health policies on alcohol and tobacco reduce a cancer epidemic? Australia's experience

BackgroundAlthough long-term alcohol and tobacco use have widely been recognised as important risk factors for cancer, the impacts of alcohol and tobacco health policies on cancer mortality have not been examined in previous studies. This study aims to estimate the association of key alcohol and tobacco policy or events in Australia with changes in overall and five specific types of cancer mortality between the 1950s and 2013.MethodsAnnual population-based time-series data between 1911 and 2013 on per capita alcohol and tobacco consumption and head and neck (lip, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and oesophagus), lung, breast, colorectum and anus, liver and total cancer mortality data from the 1950s to 2013 were collected from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Cancer Council Victoria, the WHO Cancer Mortality Database and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The policies with significant relations to changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption were identified in an initial model. Intervention dummies with estimated lags were then developed based on these key alcohol and tobacco policies and events and inserted into time-series models to estimate the relation of the particular policy changes with cancer mortality.ResultsLiquor licence liberalisation in the 1960s was significantly associated with increases in the level of population drinking and thereafter of male cancer mortality. The introduction of random breath testing programs in Australia after 1976 was associated with a reduction in population drinking and thereafter in cancer mortality for both men and women. Meanwhile, the release of UK and US public health reports on tobacco in 1962 and 1964 and the ban on cigarette ads on TV and radio in 1976 were found to have been associated with a reduction in Australian tobacco consumption and thereafter a reduction in mortality from all cancer types except liver cancer. Policy changes on alcohol and tobacco during the 1960s–1980s were associated with greater changes for men than for women, particularly for head and neck, lung and colorectum cancer sites.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that some changes to public health policies in Australia in the twentieth century were related to the changes in the population consumption of alcohol and tobacco, and in subsequent mortality from various cancers over the following 20 years.

Sugar-sweetened beverages and colorectal cancer risk in the California Teachers Study.

BackgroundThe association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains unclear and published data are limited.MethodsThe analytic cohort included 99,798 women, free of cancer at baseline, from the California Teachers Study, a longitudinal cohort comprised of 133,477 female teachers and administrators who were active or recently retired members of the California State Teachers Retirement System in 1995. SSB consumption constituted caloric soft drinks, sweetened bottled waters and teas, and fruit drinks, derived from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Consumption was divided into four categories: Rare or never, >rare/never to <1 serving/week, ≥1 serving/week to <1 serving/day, and ≥1 serving/day. CRC endpoints were based on annual linkage with California Cancer Registry, defined as first diagnosis of CRC, and classified following the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program coding system. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to generate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for assessing the association between SSB consumption and incident CRC.ResultsA total of 1,318 incident CRC cases were identified over 20 years of follow-up (54.5% proximal colon and 45.5% distal colorectum). Compared with rare/never consumers, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.14 (0.86, 1.53) for total CRC; 1.11 (0.73, 1.68) for proximal colon; and 1.22 (0.80, 1.86) for distal colorectum cancers among women consuming ≥ 1 serving/day of SSBs.ConclusionSSBs were not significantly associated with CRC risk. The biological effects of high SSB consumption make it important to continue to evaluate whether SSBs are associated with CRC. Additionally, future studies should further assess SSBs in large, racial/ethnically diverse cohorts of males and females, and, if feasible, address changes in SSB consumption over time.

Results of the lung and colorectal cancer screening study in China: a feasibility, randomised controlled trial

BackgroundChina has not yet developed national guidelines for lung and colorectal cancer screening, and needs scientific evidence from the Chinese population for making policy. The aim of this study was to obtain compliance information to design a large-scale randomised lung and colorectal cancer screening trial in China. MethodsThis multicentre, open label, pilot randomised trial was done at 33 community health-care centres and three hospitals in Haining (Zhejiang province), Changsha (Hunan province), and Lanzhou (Gansu province). Eligibility criteria included participants aged between 50 and 74 years, current smokers with a history of at least 30 pack-years, and passive smokers. Exclusion criteria included participation in another trial, history of lung or colorectal cancer, or evidence of previous cancer treatment. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1:1) using a predefined web-based system to: group 1, annual low-dose CT (LDCT) plus a baseline colonoscopy; group 2, biannual LDCT plus annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT); and group 3, annual fecal FIT plus septin-9 blood test. The primary outcomes of the study included the annual compliance and incidence of lung and colorectum cancer. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR-IOR-15007160. FindingsBetween Aug 12, 2014, and June 30, 2017, 2696 participants were randomly assigned to three screening groups. Demographics and smoking history were similar across the three groups. Compliance for annual LDCT in group 1 was 86·8% (777 of 895 participants) at baseline, 69·0% (614 of 890) at the first round (T1), and 70·7% (626 of 885) at the second round (T2). Compliance for colonoscopy in group 1 was 56·4% (504 of 894). In group 2, compliance for biannual LDCT in group 2 was 91·9% (829 of 902) at baseline and 66·6% (595 of 894) at T2; compliance for annual FIT was 91·6% (826 of 902) at baseline, 79·9% (716 of 896) at T1, and 65·8% (588 of 894) at T2. The compliance rate of annual Septin-9 in group 3 was 91·0% (819 of 900) at the baseline, 68·7% (618 of 899) at T1, and 80·8% (725 of 897) at T2; and of annual FIT was 89·2% (803 of 900), 72·3% (650 of 899), and 78·8% (707 of 897), respectively. During the follow-up (until Dec 31, 2017), 13 lung cancer cases were confirmed in groups 1 and 2, and one colorectal cancer case in group 1. Three participants died of lung cancer and 14 died of other causes. InterpretationIn this pilot study, the feasibility study retention was established in a Chinese population and has now been adapted to a large-scale, randomised controlled trial that will determine whether to implement a nationwide screening programme for lung cancer, colorectal cancer, or both, in China. FundingCancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.