Cancers Of Female Genital Organs Research Articles

Incidence and Mortality of Cancers in Female Genital Organs - China, 2022.

This study presented the incidence and mortality rates of cancers affecting the female genital organs in China, along with their trends spanning from 2010 to 2018. 700 population-based cancer registries provided relevant cancer incidence and mortality data for the year 2018. Among these, 106 registries had continuous monitoring data suitable for trend analysis from 2010 to 2018. We focused specifically on cancers affecting female genital organs (ICD10=C51-C54, C56) and projected their incidences and mortalities in China for 2022 based on data from 2018 and the trends observed from 2010 to 2018. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR) were calculated using Segi's world standard population. In 2022, there were an estimated 296,300 new cases and 104,900 deaths from female cancers in China. ASIRs for vulva (C51), vagina (C52), cervix uteri (C53), corpus uteri (C54), and ovary (C56) were 0.32, 0.23, 13.83, 6.84, and 5.68 per 100,000 population. ASIRs for corpus uteri and ovary cancers were higher in urban areas. ASMRs for vulva, vagina, cervix, corpus uteri, and ovary cancers were 0.14, 0.08, 4.54, 1.05, and 2.64 per 100,000 population, respectively. ASMR for ovarian cancer was higher in urban areas. ASIRs and ASMRs for most female genital organ cancers increased from 2010 to 2018, although the rate of increase for vulvar and cervical cancers in rural areas has slowed recently. Tailored cancer prevention and control programs specific to each region are necessary to address the growing disease burden.

Survival of patients with cancers of the female genital organs in Poland, 2000–2019

The purpose of this study was to estimate cancer survival in Poland between 2000 and 2019 for malignant neoplasms of female genital organs (FGO). We calculated survival in cancer of vulva, vagina, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, ovary, and other unspecified female genital organs. Data were obtained from the Polish National Cancer Registry. We estimated age-standardized 5- and 10-year net survival (NS) with the life table method and the Pohar-Perme estimator using the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. Overall, 231,925 FGO cancer cases were included in the study. The overall FGO age-standardized 5-year NS was 58.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 57.9–58.5%) and the 10-year NS 51.5% (51.5–52.3%). Between 2000 and 2004 and 2015–2018, the highest statistically significant increase in age-standardized 5-year survival was noted for ovarian cancer at + 5.6% (P < 0.001). The FGO cancer median survival time was 8.8 years (8.6–8.9 years), with a standardized mortality rate of 6.1 (6.0–6.1), and with cause-specific years of life lost at 7.8 years (7.7–7.8 years). Hazard ratios (HR) increased with age at diagnosis (HR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03, P = 0.001). Although FGO cancer survivorship has been consistently improving during the last twenty years, additional efforts need to be undertaken to improve survivorship in several FGO cancers.

Association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and healthcare contacts for menstrual disturbance and bleeding in women before and after menopause: nationwide, register based cohort study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the risks of any menstrual disturbance and bleeding following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in women who are premenopausal or postmenopausal.DesignA nationwide, register based cohort study.SettingAll inpatient and specialised outpatient care...

AT-Cascade R-CNN: a novel attention-based cascade R-CNN model for ovarian cancer lesion identification

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers in female genital organs. Since ovarian cancer is associated with plenty of pathological features, most of the computational diagnostic methods can ...

Cancer awareness in the general population varies with sex, age and media coverage: A population-based survey with focus on gynecologic cancers

ObjectivesThere is a need for more knowledge about the public awareness and attitudes towards gynecologic cancers. We employed a research-purpose population-based citizen panel to assess how often people recall gynecologic cancers compared to other cancer types and to explore the relative importance of different information channels in relaying cancer information. Study designWe conducted an online survey using the Norwegian Citizen Panel (n = 1441 respondents), exploring associations between demographic factors and frequency of mentioning specific cancer types. We also searched The Norwegian Media Archive to assess the media coverage of different cancer types. Factors affecting likelihood of mentioning different cancers were assessed by multivariate regression. ResultsOnly 41 % of respondents listed one or more cancers in female genital organs. Of the gynecological cancers, cervical cancer was most frequently mentioned (28 %), followed by ovarian (12 %) and endometrial cancer (11 %). Female responders were more likely to mention cervical (OR 2.47, 95 % CI 2.16–2.78) and ovarian cancer (OR 2.09, 95 % CI 1.60–2.58) than male responders, but not endometrial cancer. Family and friends who have had cancer (50 %) and different types of media coverage (41 %) were reported as the most common sources of cancer information. The three most frequently mentioned cancer types in our survey were breast (77 %), hematologic (76 %) and lung cancer (75 %), which also were the cancer types having most media coverage. ConclusionsGynecological cancers are less frequently mentioned by Norwegian citizens when compared to several other cancer types such as breast-, hematologic- and lung cancer. Sex and age are important factors that affect awareness of cancer types. Media is likely to play an important role in what cancer types the public recalls.

Cancer at ages 15–29 years: The contrasting incidence in India and England

There has been a steady increase in published research from Europe and North America on the epidemiology of cancers in young people. There are limited data from the developing world. We contrast the incidence of cancer at ages 15-29 years in India and England. Malignant neoplasms in those aged 15-29 years registered during 2001-2003 in five urban population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) of India and in eight PBCRs in England were included. Site-based classification was used. Age-standardized incidence rates were expressed per 100,000 person years. In India, 4,864 (5.8%) of 84,450 cases and in England, 8,137 (1.2%) of 65,6752 cancer cases occurred in those aged 15-29 years. For this age group, the incidence rate for males and females in India were 12.91 and 14.19, and in England were 27.75 and 28.88, respectively. In males aged 15-29 years, the three most common cancers in India were leukemia, lymphoma, and central nervous system tumors and in England were cancers of male genital organs, lymphoma, and leukemia. Cancers of female genital organs, breast, and leukemia were most common in females in India and cancers of female genital organs, lymphoma, and melanoma in England. For cancers of mouth, stomach, and gall bladder, the incidence was higher in India. Incidence of cancer at ages 15-29 years in England is higher at most sites than in India. Variation in environmental exposures between the two countries might be an explanation. Under-ascertainment of cases and gender bias in seeking healthcare may also influence reported incidence rates in India.

Trends in the survival of patients diagnosed with cancer in female genital organs in the Nordic countries 1964–2003 followed up to the end of 2006

Cancers of the female genital organs constitute more than 12% of all female cancers in the Nordic countries. The group includes cervix uteri, corpus uteri, ovary and other female genital organs including vulva and vagina, and in this study we compare the development in the Nordic countries regarding incidence, mortality and relative survival. Material and methods. Data were retrieved from the NORDCAN database for the period 1964 to 2003, grouped into eight 5-year periods. The patients were followed up until the end of 2006. Analyses comprised trends in 5-year relative survival, excess mortality and age-specific relative survival. Results. A substantial reduction of cervical cancer incidence followed the introduction of population-based screening in the 1970s and was also accompanied by a modest improvement in survival. Incidence trends in cancer of corpus uteri varied between the countries but the survival increased by around 20 percentage points during the study period in all countries. Ovarian cancer patients have the lowest survival among female genital cancers, but survival increased 10–15 percentage points over the 40 years of observation, while the incidence and mortality were rather stable throughout the observed period. Cancers of the other female genital organs, including vulva and vagina, are rare diagnoses and only small changes in incidence, mortality and survival have been observed over time. Conclusion. The declining trends in cervical cancer incidence and mortality, and improving survival of corpus uteri cancer patients, are in contrast with the rather poor prognosis associated with an ovarian cancer diagnosis. Cancer-specific differences between countries in the survival of female patients diagnosed with cancers of the cervix uteri, corpus uteri and other female genital organs are small.

Cancer Incidence in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers

. This study was conducted to determine whether carriers of the BRCA1 gene are also at increased risk of developing cancers than carcinoma of the breast and ovary. A total of 11,847 individual members, male and female, of 699 families identified in the Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium from North America and Western Europe were studied. The numbers and types of cancers found in this cohort were compared with the expected population incidence rates. Male carriers of the BRCA1 gene were found to have an overall cancer rate similar to the expected risk excluding breast cancer. In contrast, female carriers were found to have a significantly increased risk for all cancers than breast and ovary (relative risk [RR] = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.93-2.75, P = .001). For all carriers of the BRCA1 mutation, significantly increased risks were found for cancers of the colon, liver, pancreas, uterus, cervix, and cancers. There were 65 cancers; approximately 20% (N = 12) of these occurred in tested carriers, and the rest occurred in untested relatives of known carriers. Although the expected number of cancers among women in the cohort was 8.6, the actual number was 47 (RR = 9.64, 95% CI = 6.36-14.61, P <.001). Peritoneal cancer was the most frequent of the other cancers, followed by unspecified abdomen or intestinal tract cancers and cancers of female genital organs. In this group, there was no difference in the relative risk according to age. No increased risk for cancers was seen in men. The expected incidence of pancreatic cancer and of cancer of the fallopian tube was not known for all populations; but the incidence was estimated on the basis of actual numbers from smaller population groups. There was a significantly increased risk for these cancers (RR = 44.64, 95% CI = 24.86-80.15, P <.001 for pancreas; RR = 49.94, 95% CI = 22.48-110.94, P <.001 for fallopian tube). The overall risk for all cancers was higher for those less than 65 years of age. For those older than 65, there was no difference in the actual rate and the expected rate in either sex. For men, the risk was not increased for those of any age. However, female carriers of the BRCA1 gene who were less than 65 had an overall increased risk of cancer ((RR = 2.62, 95% CI = 2.15-3.18, P <.001). For younger women the risk of pancreatic cancer was 3.10 (95% CI = 1.43-6.70, P =.008), for cervical cancer the risk was 3.84 (95% CI = 2.33-6.33, P <.001), and for uterine cancer the relative risk was 3.40 (95% CI = 2.13-5.44, P <.001). When BRCA1 carriers in North America and Western Europe were compared, the overall RR was higher for European females (RR = 2.91, 95% CI = 2.32-3.66, P <.001). Likewise, Western European female, but not male, noncarriers had a statistically significant elevated risk of overall cancer compared with North Americans (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.09-1.98). European women were at significantly greater risk for uterine cancer, and North American women had a greater risk for cancer of the cervix. The difference was significant for North American women who did not carry the BRCA1 gene. European men less than 65 years of age were significantly more likely to develop prostate cancer than their North American counterparts (RR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.10-5.82, P =.026). There were no statistically significant differences seen for men.

Natural killer(NK) cell activity in patients with various malignancy against a variety of target cell lines: Re-evaluation of clinical significance of natural killer cell activity.

Sixty-eight patients with various malignancy was examined for their natural killer (NK) cell activity against 14 target cell lines. The group consisted of 10 patients with gastric cancer, 10 patients with lung cancer, 8 patients with hepatoma, 11 patients with cancer of female genital organs, 14 patients with malignant lymphoma and 15 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The target cells from a variety of lineage were selected to examine the disease-related specificity in NK cell activity. The peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with gastric cancer did not show a decrease in NK activity against 14 targets including gastric cancer cell lines. Other patients except for AML demonstrated low NK activity against one or two target cells out of 14 targets. Whereas, NK activity in patients with AML was remarkably depressed against 10 target cells out of 14. At single cell assay, killing ability rather than binding activity to target was markedly impaired in AML. Comprehensively, the data demonstrated the marked difference in the NK level between the patients with solid tumor and the patients with hematopoietic malignancy. There existed neither disease-related specificity in NK cytolysis, nor correlation in NK levels and clinical severity in the patients with malignancy. These results suggested that it was very difficult to evaluate the anti-cancer capacity in patients with malignancy by NK activity alone.