South-East Cancer Research Articles

The Patients' Characteristics And Non-Surgical Treatment Results For Hypopharyngeal Cancer In Southeast Of Iran: A 13-Year Study.

Various modalities have been used to treat hypopharyngeal cancer. Non- surgical modalities include radiotherapy alone, sequential chemoradiation and concomitant chemoradiation or bio radiation. This study was conducted to evaluate the primary non-surgical treatment. A total number of 67 patients treated from March 2009 to January 2022 were enrolled in this study. The 2-year and 5-year survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to compare the survival outcomes according to various factors. To define independent prognostic factors, we used Cox regression analysis. The mean age of the patients was 56.2 years, and 55.2% of them were male. These patients were treated by radiation alone (9 patients) or induction chemotherapy followed by either radiation (4 patients), chemoradiation (33 patients), or bio-radiation (21 patients). The mean follow-up time was 18.12 months. The 2-year and 5-year overall survival rates were estimated to be 43% and 18%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that T stage, N stage, and treatment modality had a statically significant relationship with overall survival. The results of non-surgical treatment for hypopharyngeal cancer are not satisfactory. More studies are needed to investigate the role of salvage surgery.

Lethality of lung cancer in southeast of Brazil: Real-world data.

e22515 Background: Lung Cancer (LC) is one of the most common neoplasm of all malignant tumors, with an increasing lethality and incidence, corresponding to 13.5% of all types of cancer. The world estimate for 2020 was 19 million cases of cancer worldwide, with 10 million deaths of which lung cancer represented 18% of the deaths. It is estimated that in Brazil, according to INCA (National Cancer Center of Brazil) that in the year 2022 there will be 30,200 new cases, the second most common among men and the fourth among women. Unfortunately most cases are diagnosed in late stages and have low survival. Methods: Retrospective study of data from SisRHC (brazilian cancer registry system) of patients diagnosed with LC, treated at the reference cancer center Hospital Evangélico de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim/ES, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Results: A total of 440 patients were included and their main characteristics at diagnoses was advanced stages (73.2% III/IV) and only 58 % where able to receive first line treatment: chemotherapy concomitantly with radiotherapy (22,3%), isolated chemotherapy (21.4%) and isolated radiotherapy (14.6%). After first line treatment outcome status was death (49.4%) and disease progression (12.3%). Median survival was 10.3 months. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of the retrospective study these data are important for understanding the pattern of disease in a developing country where acess to health is limited. Unfortunately the barrier of 12 months survival common in developed nations is still not a brazilian reality. Public policies are necessary for improvement

Association between dietary inflammatory index and the risk of oral cancer in the southeast of China.

To evaluate the role of the potential inflammatory effects of diet using the Energy adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) for oral cancer. A case-control study including 295 oral cancer cases and 425 controls from September 2010 to June 2018 was performed in Fujian Province, China. The E-DII was calculated based on the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and adjusted by total energy intake. The association between E-DII and the risk of oral cancer was estimated with unconditional logistic regression model. Compared with E-DII score in the lowest quartile, those with E-DII score in the fourth quartile were at the higher risk of oral cancer (OR = 2.57; 95% CI: 1.54, 4.29, Ptrend = 0.013). When analyses were carried out using E-DII as a continuous variable, one-unit increase in E-DII increased the odds of having oral cancer by 3% (95% CI: 1.00, 1.06). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between the E-DII and oral hygiene for oral cancer (Pinteraction < 0.001, in those without and with poor hygiene, the OR (95% CI) were 1.96 (0.96, 4.00) and 4.23 (1.83, 9.81), respectively). The present study suggests that the higher E-DII score, indicated a pro-inflammatory diet, may be a risk factor for oral cancer in southeast of China. More large samples and prospective studies need to validate our results and explore the prevention strategies of oral cancer via changing dietary habits.

Knowledge of Adults’ Reading Oral Cancer in South-East of Iran

Background and aims: Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the oralcavity. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of awareness of people referring to medical clinicsin Kerman because of the oral cancer and its risk factors from 2015 to 2016.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample size of 1200 subjects between Apriland December 2016 in Kerman, Iran. The participants were selected based on stratified sampling fromdental clinics of 4 different areas of the city. After filling the informed consent form, they were askedto complete a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic information,awareness of subjects about common characteristics of oral cancer, and predisposing risk factors. Toanalyze the data, chi-square and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used by means of SPSS 21.0.A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: A total of 58.8% of the participants showed intermediate level of knowledge regardingoral cancer. Knowledge about risk factors and symptoms was also at an intermediate level (57.2%and 65% respectively). Knowledge of women was significantly more than that of men (P = 0.02).moreover, subjects who were married presented more correct answers than single ones (P = 0.01).Moreover, urban dwellers were found to be more knowledgeable than rural populations (P = 0.03).Conclusion: Although the public information on oral cancer is improving compared to a study carriedout 7 years ago in Kerman, the level of knowledge is still not satisfactory. Indeed, much more efforts toincrease public information by social media is needed.

Abstract 3505: The expression of two key long non coding RNAs involved in reprogramming, linc-ROR and lin-P21, in gastric cancer

Abstract Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world and the most common cancer in southeast of Caspian Sea (Golestan province) and northwest of Iran (Ardabil). Based on cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, there are similarities between process of somatic cell reprogramming, embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. Malfunction of signaling pathways that are essential for normal development also involved in the tumor initiation and CSC formation. In recent years long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), more than 200 nt in length, have been highly regarded as promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. Reprogramming-Related Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA (lincRNA-ROR) plays as modulator in the reprogramming of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and also maintenance of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). On the other hand, lincRNA-P21 induced by P53 and prevents the somatic cell reprogramming by silencing of pluripotency gene promoters. In this project, motivate to CSCs, we evaluated the expression level of lincRNA-ROR and linc-P21 in samples of patients with gastric cancer and also in human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS and MKN45) and human embryonal carcinoma cell line (NT2). Methods: Thirty pairs of gastric samples, including gastric adenocarcinoma and their matched non-tumor tissue samples, were collected from the Iran National Tumor Bank (INTB). Cell lines were cultured in the RPMI1640. Total RNA of samples and cell lines was extracted using TRIZOL reagent (invitrogene). cDNA synthesis was performed by PrimeScript™ 1st strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (TAKARA) and real time PCR was performed by using TaqMan master mix (TAKARA) on Step one Plus™ instrument (ABI). Gene expression analysis performed by GenEx software program. Results: Despite of reports indicating the high expression of linc-ROR in some cancers, our results showed no expression for linc-ROR in gastric samples (both tumor and non tumor) and also gastric cancer cell lines. But NT2 embryonal carcinoma cell line revealed high expression of linc-ROR compared to AGS and MKN45cell lines. According to our expectation, linc-P21 represents a significant decrease in tumor versus non tumor samples (p&amp;lt;0.01) in different grads of malignancy and also in AGS and MKN45 versus to NT2 cell line. Conclusion: Dysfunction of linc-ROR and lincRNA-P21 has reported in some cancers. According to our results, it seems that the expression of linc-ROR is limited to embryonic stem cells and hasn’t remarkable expression in gastric samples and cell lines. Based on the low expression of linc-P21 in tumor samples, it seems that linc-P21 functions as a tumor suppressor. Citation Format: Mitra Khalili, Pourandokht Farhangiyan, Somayeh Jahandoost, Fatemeh Kamali. The expression of two key long non coding RNAs involved in reprogramming, linc-ROR and lin-P21, in gastric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3505. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3505

Relationship between religious beliefs and post-traumatic growth in patients with cancer in southeast of Iran

ABSTRACTInformation about religious beliefs and post-traumatic growth is limited in Iranian cancer patients. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between religious beliefs and post-traumatic growth among cancer patients in Iran. This correlational study included a convenience sample of 200 eligible cancer patients who were hospitalized in the oncology wards and outpatient clinics. Using Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and Religious Beliefs Scale, data were collected. Findings showed that, the total mean score of PTG was 93.81 (SD = 15.25). Among the categories, the lowest score belonged to “appreciation of life” component (7.67±1.99), and the highest score belonged to “spiritual change” component (67.49 ± 17.78). The mean score of Religious Beliefs Scale was 67.20 (12.35). Post-traumatic growth positively correlated with religious beliefs (r = .345; p = .001). The results suggest that, information about religious beliefs and post-traumatic growth should be included in the continuous and in-service education of cancer patients and nurses who work with them.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Related Factors in Parents of Children With Cancer in South-East of Iran

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) comprises a collection of symptoms following exposure to injury-causing accidents of life. It is estimated that the prevalence of PTSD in children with malignancy and their parents is between 10-30% and even several years after treatment of malignancy this disorderremain in 20-20% of these patients.ObjectivesThis study investigated the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in parents of children with cancer.Materials and MethodsIn this analytic-descriptive study, 256parents of children with cancer (mean age: 30.06 ± 14.6 years-old) that their children treated in pediatric hematology ward of Ali ebn-e Abitaleb (AS) teaching hospital of Zahedan city (south east of Iran) at 2009-2010 were evaluated. The demographic data and symptoms of PTSD were collected by standard questionnaire (based on DSM-IV). After data analysis was performed using statistical software SPSS (version 18).ResultsAll parents who were studied had PTSD. The severity of PTSD in 111 of parents was mild, in 103 (40.2%) moderate and in 42 (16.4%) parents was severe. Furthermore, there were a significant correlation between the severity of PTSD with number of children, age of parents, gender, literacy, religion and economic state (P = 0.001).ConclusionsOur results showed that factors such as age, sex, number of children, educational state and religion of parents with economic state of the family can effect on the severity of PTSD. As for role of parents of children with chronic disease especially malignancy diseases on decline of psycho-social disorders with mental and physical supports of their children should be given the necessary recommendations and educations regarding PTSD.

A review on the studies related to the effects of microcystins on human health

本文回顾了微囊藻毒素(MC,一种最常见而重要的蓝藻毒素)对人类健康影响相关的研究.迄今为止的一些重要历史事件包括:(1)1990年,科学家首次发现,MC进入肝细胞后,能强烈地抑制蛋白磷酸酶(PP1、PP2A)的活性,这是MC致毒的最重要的分子基础;(2)1996年,在巴西发生了肾透析用水被MC(-LR、-YR和-AR)污染导致52人死亡的严重事件;(3)中国南方原发性肝癌的高发病率被认为与饮水中的MC污染有关;(4)1998年,世界卫生组织提出了饮用水中MC-LR含量的临时指导值为1μg/L;(5)从巢湖的专业渔民血液中检测出MCs,并发现长期的低剂量慢性暴露引起了一定程度的肝损伤.微囊藻毒素对人类健康的影响证据确凿,不容忽视,尤其是在富营养化越演越烈、有毒蓝藻水华肆虐的今天.;This paper reviewed on the studies on the effects oh microcystins on human health. So far, there have been severalimportant historical events related with this. First, scientists revealed for the first time that microcystins could potently inhibit proteinphosphatase 1 and 2A in 1990, which was the most important molecular basis for the toxicity of microcystins. Second, humanintoxications by MCs (-LR, -YR and -AR) caused deaths of 52 patients at Caruaru dialysis centers in Brazil in 1996. Third, highincidence of primary liver cancer in southeast of China was related with MC contamination of drinking waters. Fourth, World HealthOrganization provided a provisional guideline value of 1 μg/L for drinking water in 1998. Recently, microcystins were identified forthe first time in the serum of a chronically exposed human population (fishermen at Lake Chaohu, South China) together withindication of hepatocellular damage. Conclusively, there have been substantial evidences to indicate the harmful influences ofmicrocystins on human health, and therefore the toxic effects of microcystins on human being can not be ignored especially innowadays with ever-increasing eutrophication and frequent occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms.

Validity of a food-frequency questionnaire for elderly men in southeast China

To investigate the internal validity of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for a case-control study of prostate cancer in southeast China. A comprehensive questionnaire comprising a quantitative FFQ and a short food habit questionnaire (SFHQ) was developed and modified from previous cancer and nutritional studies. The Goldberg formula (ratio of energy intake (EI) to basal metabolic rate (BMR), EI/BMR) was used to assess the validity of the FFQ by making comparisons with physical activity levels. Physical activity levels were measured by the estimated total metabolic equivalents (MET) and the ratio of energy expenditure (EE) to BMR (EE/BMR). Correlation analyses were undertaken to compare the SFHQ variables with those of the quantitative FFQ. Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. A total of 404 men over 45 years old with or without prostate cancer were recruited from eight hospitals. The partial correlation coefficients, controlling for age and family history of prostate cancer, were moderate to high (P<0.05) for preserved foods intake, fat consumption and tea drinking variables between the SFHQ and the quantitative FFQ. The average EI/BMR was 1.72, with 76% of subjects exceeding the Goldberg cut-off value of 1.35. Apart from weight, BMI, EE/BMR and MET, there were no significant differences in characteristics between low (<1.35) and normal EI/BMR groups. The FFQ is demonstrated to be a valid instrument to measure energy and food intake for elderly men in southeast China.

Management of lung cancer in South East Scotland.

There are few reports which describe the management of unselected groups of patients with lung cancer. This study was undertaken to audit prospectively the presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcome of patients presenting with lung cancer in South East Scotland. Data were recorded on all patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer who presented to a multidisciplinary group of clinicians over a 12 month period. Subsequent follow up data on treatment and survival were collected. Six hundred and twenty two patients were registered, 80% of whom were referred from primary care. There was a considerable variation in the length of history, but the diagnosis was rapidly made after referral (87% within two weeks). In 82% of patients the pathological examination was positive; 70% were treated with palliative intent. Only 36% of patients who underwent surgery had computed tomographic scanning and 55% had sampling of mediastinal nodes. A wide variety of regimens was used for treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and follow up data were difficult to obtain in these patients. Survival was poor in all patients treated with palliative intent. This audit confirms the importance of previously noted prognostic factors. Significant variation in referral practice, diagnostic and management evaluation has been shown. The data serve as a useful background for the formation of local management guidelines.