Canadian Economics Research Articles

Gender earnings gap in Canadian economics departments

ABSTRACT The status of women in economics is increasingly researched. However, the gender earnings gap among economics faculty is rarely examined due to data limitations. Relying on Canadian Public Sector Salary Disclosure lists, we construct a unique dataset of earnings, credentials, and research productivity of economics faculty members. We find a ceteris paribus gender earnings gap, which is driven by full professors.

1566PD - Cascade BRCA germline mutation (BGM) testing of women with breast (BC) or epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and their families with subsequent risk reducing surgery (RRS): A Canadian economics model

1566PD - Cascade BRCA germline mutation (BGM) testing of women with breast (BC) or epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and their families with subsequent risk reducing surgery (RRS): A Canadian economics model

Economic research in Canada: Evolution and convergence

AbstractWe describe the history and current state of economic research in Canada, including the role of the Canadian Economics Association (CEA) and other institutions. Our paper is organized around two central questions. Is Canadian economic research distinctive? And should it be more distinctive? We argue that a distinct Canadian “school” of economics existed in the past, but that economic research in Canada has converged on an evolving global standard in both method and topics. We ask whether this convergence serves the Canadian public interest and we raise some questions about the future of the CEA and its flagship journal, the CJE.

The impressive contribution of Canadian economists to fiscal federalism theory and policy

AbstractThe study of fiscal federalism has been central to the research of Canadian economists since the Rowell–Sirois Report. To mark the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Canadian Economics Association, it is fitting to take stock of their contributions. We focus on the period since 1982 and emphasize the main scholarly publications of an inclusive array of Canadian economists and economists in Canadian universities. Our attention is devoted to applications in the context of federal and provincial governments, setting aside related issues in municipal government finance. We briefly discuss instances where the fiscal federalism literature has informed policy debates including through policy research institutes, government commissions and international organizations.

Canadian economics research on immigration through the lens of theories of justice

AbstractWe assess the current state of knowledge in the economics of immigration and consider how economic theories of knowledge can be used to further the goal of developing a just immigration policy. In the process, we highlight the contributions of economists working in Canada and Canadian economists internationally in furthering our understanding of this important research area. We identify research gaps such as the need for more research on the underlying causes of the poor returns to foreign work experience for immigrants from non‐traditional source countries and the effect of immigrants on stimulating innovation. More research is also needed on the implications of temporary foreign worker (TFW) programs and the growing importance of employers in immigrant selection systems.

A celebration: The 50th anniversary of the Canadian Economics Association

A celebration: The 50th anniversary of the Canadian Economics Association

Canadian Economics Association/L'Association canadienne d'Économique Fellows

Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économiqueVolume 46, Issue 4 p. 1157-1159 Original Article Canadian Economics Association/L'Association canadienne d'Économique Fellows First published: 14 November 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12063Citations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume46, Issue4November/novembre 2013Pages 1157-1159 RelatedInformation

Canadian Diplomacy and the 1982 Falklands War

As a case study, Canadian diplomacy during the Falklands War is emblematic of the confused, and at times contradictory, components of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's utopic and idealistic foreign policy. Canada's diplomatic actions during the war were based on four principles. The first, and most significant, was the safeguarding of what were deemed to be Canada's economic interests: chiefly nuclear exports. The second was Trudeau's ‘Third Option’ policy and the belief of ‘the vital importance of the North-South dynamic to Canada’. Third was the desire to distance Canadian foreign policy, economics, and military commitments from those of both the United States and Great Britain. Trudeau had mixed feelings about the Commonwealth and disliked both President Ronald Reagan and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Lastly, during the war Canadian politicians and diplomats took the position of an ambiguous neutrality to protect and promote what they perceived to be Canadian interests. Many of the political and economic decisions made by Canada during the Falklands War were met by harsh criticism nationally and internationally in both public and political spheres.

Canadian Economics in Decline: Implications for Canada’s Economics Journals

Dans cet article, nous analysons le nombre d’articles publiés par un échantillon aléatoire de professeurs de facultés de sciences économiques au Canada; nous analysons également le contenu de ces articles, pour déterminer s’ils traitent ou non de sujets relatifs au Canada. Pour cela, nous avons recours à la fois à des preuves descriptives et à modèles de régression de séries chronologiques de données. Nos résultats appuient dans une certaine mesure l’hypothèse d’Anthony Scott (1993), selon laquelle les économistes ne publient sur des sujets relatifs au Canada que quand leur carrière est bien avancée; nous notons également que l’intérêt pour des articles traitant du contexte canadien a diminué parmi les plus jeunes professeurs (engagés depuis les années 1990) et parmi ceux des meilleures facultés canadiennes. Les universitaires canadiens ont tendance à publier dans la Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d’économique (CJE/RCE) au début de leur carrière, puis dans Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de politiques (CPP/Adp) arrivés à mi-carrière; toutefois, le nombre d’articles publiés par professeurs engagés depuis 1990 diminue dans les deux revues. Les professeurs des facultés les mieux cotées continuent de publier dans la CJE/RCE rendus à mi-carrière, mais moins s’ils possèdent un doctorat obtenu à l’étranger; les professeurs des facultés ne faisant pas partie des meilleures du Canada ont plutôt tendance à publier dans CPP/Adp. La diminution du nombre d’articles traitant de sujets relatifs au Canada et présentés aux deux grandes revues canadiennes (CPP/Adp en particulier) semble avoir été accentuée par des décisions qu’ont prises récemment des facultés afin d’engager et de retenir des professeurs dans le but d’améliorer leur cote grâce à des articles publiés dans les meilleures revues universitaires.

THE EFFECTS OF PUBLICATION LAGS ON LIFE‐CYCLE RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY IN ECONOMICS

We investigate how increases in publication delays have affected the life cycle of publications of recent Ph.D. graduates in economics. We construct a panel dataset of 14,271 individuals who were awarded Ph.D.s between 1986 and 2000 in U.S. and Canadian economics departments. For this population of scholars, we amass complete records of publications in peer‐reviewed journals listed in the JEL (a total of 368,672 observations). We find evidence of significantly diminished productivity in recent relative to earlier cohorts when productivity of an individual is measured by the number of AER‐equivalent publications. Diminished productivity is less evident when the number of AER‐equivalent pages is used instead. Our findings are consistent with earlier empirical findings of increasing editorial delays, decreasing acceptance rates at journals, and a trend toward longer manuscripts. This decline in productivity is evident in both graduates of top 30 and non‐top 30 ranked economics departments and may have important implications for what should constitute a tenurable record. We also find that the research rankings of top economics departments are a surprisingly poor predictor of the subsequent research rankings of their Ph.D.s graduates. (JEL A11, J24, J29, J44)

Canadian Economics in Decline: Implications for Canada’s Economics Journals

Dans cet article, nous analysons le nombre d’articles publies par un echantillon aleatoire de professeurs de facultes de sciences economiques au Canada ; nous analysons egalement le contenu de ces articles, pour determiner s’ils traitent ou non de sujets relatifs au Canada. Pour cela, nous avons recours a la fois a des preuves descriptives et a modeles de regression de series chronologiques de donnees. Nos resultats appuient dans une certaine mesure l’hypothese d’Anthony Scott (1993), selon laquelle les economistes ne publient sur des sujets relatifs au Canada que quand leur carriere est bien avancee ; nous notons egalement que l’interet pour des articles traitant du contexte canadien a diminue parmi les plus jeunes professeurs (engages depuis les annees 1990) et parmi ceux des meilleures facultes canadiennes. Les universitaires canadiens ont tendance a publier dans la Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d’economique ( CJE/RCE ) au debut de leur carriere, puis dans Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de politiques ( CPP/Adp ) arrives a mi-carriere ; toutefois, le nombre d’articles publies par professeurs engages depuis 1990 diminue dans les deux revues. Les professeurs des facultes les mieux cotees continuent de publier dans la CJE/RCE rendus a mi-carriere, mais moins s’ils possedent un doctorat obtenu a l’etranger ; les professeurs des facultes ne faisant pas partie des meilleures du Canada ont plutot tendance a publier dans CPP/Adp . La diminution du nombre d’articles traitant de sujets relatifs au Canada et presentes aux deux grandes revues canadiennes ( CPP/Adp en particulier) semble avoir ete accentuee par des decisions qu’ont prises recemment des facultes afin d’engager et de retenir des professeurs dans le but d’ameliorer leur cote grâce a des articles publies dans les meilleures revues universitaires. Abstract: This paper analyzes publication activity and its Canadian content for a random sample of current academic faculty in Canadian economics departments using both descriptive evidence and time-dependent panel regression models. We find some support for Anthony Scott’s (1993) hypothesis that publications with Canadian content are delayed until later career stages, but we also find strong evidence of declining interest in Canadian content for newer faculty hired since 1990 and for faculty in Canada’s top-rated departments. Canadian academics have tended to publish in the Canadian Journal of Economics (CJE/RCE) early in their career and Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de polituqes (CPP/Adp) in mid-career, but both these outlets feature fewer publications from faculty hired since 1990. Publication in the CJE/RCE persists for top departments into mid-career but is less common among those hired with a PhD from outside Canada, while publication in CPP/Adp is more likely among faculty in departments outside the top ten. The contracting supply of content for Canadian economics journals, particularly CPP/Adp , appears to be aggravated by the recent hiring and retention decisions of departments seeking to improve their ranking based on top journal publications.

DOES DEFENSE SPENDING REALLY PROMOTE AGGREGATE OUTPUT IN THE UNITED STATES?*

Many studies have examined the relationship between defense spending and growth in real aggregate output with mixed results. Most recently, Atesoglu (2002) finds a positive relationship between defense spending and output. Capturing the error correction term as the long run adjustment parameter and including the long run adjustment in the relationship, we do not find evidence that defense spending promotes growth in real output. Instead, defense spending responds to aggregate income shocks. We re‐estimated the relationship and dummied all US military conflicts with similar results concerning military spending's effect on output. Interestingly, we find trade‐offs between defense and non‐defense government spending during war time. * The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the US Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the US Government. The authors would like to express their thanks for the comments from Craig Stone and the other participants at the 2006 Canadian Economics Association conference, as well the comments received from three anonymous referees and the editor.

The Abiding Economics of John Kenneth Galbraith*

The work of John Kenneth Galbraith provides enduring markers for the economics that still remains to be built. Herewith are brief reflections on the guideposts and the task ahead. *These remarks were prepared for the first annual John Kenneth Galbraith lecture at the Canadian Economics Association, Halifax, N.S. on June 3, 2007. Earlier versions were delivered to a joint URPE-AEA session on John Kenneth Galbraith at the annual meetings of the American Economic Association, January 7, 2006, and a joint seminar of the Brookings Institution and the New America Foundation, April 3, 2005, in turn adapted in part from ‘Galbraith: A Partisan Appraisal’ published in the Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, January–March 2005. Parts are also adapted from ‘Can We Please Move On? A Contribution to the Guerrien Debate,’ Post-Autistic Economics Review, No. 15, September 4, 2002.

Inducing Greater Transparency: Towards the Establishment of Ethical Rules for Econometrics

An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2003 Joint Statistical Meetings and the George Mason Summer Institute for the Preservation of the History of Economics in Economics. We have benefitted from the comments of William Seltzer and Margo Anderson and, especially, this journal's referee. The paper began with a conversation between Levy and Paul David at the Economics of Science Conference at Notre Dame in April 1997 and was greatly stimulated by Perci Diaconis's as yet unpublished 1998 IMS Lecture. Preliminary versions were presented at the George Washington University Economics Seminar, the 1999 Canadian Law and Economics Association meetings, the George Mason Statistics Department Seminar, and the University of Alberta Econometrics Seminar. We have benefitted from comments from James Buchanan, Adolf Buse, Roger Congleton, Tyler Cowen, Mark Crain, Don Gantz, Jim Gentle, Bruce Kobayashi, David Meiselman, John Miller, David Ribar, Robert Tollison, and other participants. The command files to replicate the Monte Carlo study are available upon request.

The Role of Underwriters in Nontraditional Offerings: Empirical Evidence

Professor of Finance, School of Business, Queen’s University. Our thanks to Douglas Cumming, Doug Harris, Lynnette Purda and Ralph Winter for their very useful comments. Thanks also to Shan Lin, Karen Myers, Sarah Rancier, Ryan Sheahan and Dan Teguh for their excellent research assistance in various stages of this project. Research for this project was funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. We extend our appreciation to participants of the Queen’s Law and Economics Workshop and the annual conference of the Canadian Law and Economics Association for their useful comments.

Political Regimes and the Effects of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth

This paper investigates whether the effect of foreign aid on economic growth differs under different political regimes. On average aid is found to have a negative significant impact on growth in developing countries, although the effect seems to be quite fragile and varies substantially across regime type. In tinpot countries aid has very little impact on growth and the returns to aid as aid/GDP increases appear to be constant. But in totalitarian countries aid has a robust positive significant influence on growth, with a tendency for diminishing returns for an aid/GDP ratio in excess of 21.5%. The better effectiveness of aid under totalitarian system than under tinpot seems to persist even when the model specification or sample are changed. Aid has no significant impact on the improvement of human rights and human development indicators, but it does have some influence in reducing infant mortality. An implication is to combine aid programs with a long-term human rights constraint. (JEL F350, O230, O400) I am indebted to two anonymous referees and A.N.Wahid, the editor of the journal for many helpful and incisive comments and suggestions. Previous version of the paper was given at 2001 meeting of the Canadian Economics Association at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. I am grateful to the participants at the seminar.

Contributions to Economics Journals by the Canadian Economics Profession, 1981-90

This paper provides measures of average publication rates (and frequency distributions) of articles and pages in all journals indexed by the Index of Economics Articles over the 1980s. The study covers 733 economists holding tenured or probationary appointments at Canadian universities in the 1989-90 academic year. All article and page counts are converted to single-author-equivalent (SAE) measures by dividing by the number of authors. Over the decade, economists published on average one SAE article every 2.5 years. The paper also generates measures of publications rates in quality journals of the profession as well as rankings of university departments.

Our Ancestors in Their Successive Generations

This paper answers the question concerning how many women have been active in the journals of the Canadian Economics Association and its predecessor, the Canadian Political Science Association. Over seventy-five women were in economics departments before the 1990s; currently there are possibly 200 women. Over 200 women appeared in the journals. The data are scant and may overlook women outside academia. The paper is expository but it does open up the subject of women in the profession. It concludes that women's attachment to the profession may be looser than that of men and that this fact may affect their visibility.

The Law of Peoples

The Law of Peoples

What Have Canadian Economists Been Doing for the Past Twenty-Five Years?

This paper attempts a quantitative survey of the research activities of Canadian economists during the twent.y-five years since Tony Scott described the anatomy of the Canadian social science community in his 1967 presidential address to the Canadian Political Science Association, the meetings during which this association was founded. My focus is on the research activities of Canadian economists, drawing on data from the Canadian Economics Association (CEA) membership directory, from publications noted by the Journal of Economic Literature from 1969 through 1990, and from economics research grants awarded from 1969 through 1990, at first by the Canada Council and from 1979 on by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. The paper will start with some rough demographic information about who the economic researchers are and how their numbers have changed over the past twenty-five years. The first of the two main sections to follow will deal with the research activities of PH 1)-trained economists who were members of the CEA in 1990 and have published once or more in the journals and books whose contents have been noted in the Journal of Economic Literature. The focus will then turn to the research projects financed by the Canada Council and SSHRCC, and to preliminary assessment of the links between the research grants and research publications,