Canadian Anglophone Research Articles

Media crisis and its effects on digital journalism careers in Canada

This article discusses how the evolution of media industry in Canada affects the construction of identities and careers in digital journalism. It is based on 17 in-depth interviews with professionals working in Canadian Anglophone and Francophone media. Based on an interactionist theoretical approach, this article underlines how journalists negotiate their career project in a scenario of precariousness and deterioration of the job market in Canadian journalism. In this regard it highlights the strategies of resistance and resilience adopted by some interviewees in contrast to the international discourses that aim to restructure their practices and identities. This results in a conservative approach to adapting to the professional identity in digital journalism – which in fact translates into segmentation and diversification of the status that comes with this profession.

The silence of Francophone family physicians or unilateral bilingualism?

Dr Roger Ladouceur’s question is pertinent.[1][1] Our Canadian Anglophone colleagues (scholars, teachers, clinicians) have never really participated in workshops or presentations conducted in French, even when interpretation is provided. Why? That is the question we should be asking them.

Nontechnical Skills (NTS) in the Undergraduate Surgical and Anesthesiology Curricula: Are We Adequately Preparing Medical Students?

Nontechnical skills (NTS) encompass interpersonal, cognitive, and personal resource skills that can mitigate surgical errors and improve patient outcomes. However, inconsistencies in medical student awareness around NTS suggest limited exposure to these skills. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and content of NTS in medical school surgery and anesthesiology education. Learning objectives from clerkship core surgery and anesthesiology rotations were collected from Canadian anglophone medical schools. Two raters independently classified each objective under one of the Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) or Anaesthetists' Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) "Categories" and "Elements" of NTS, or as a non-NTS objective. Rater disagreements were resolved by group consensus. Group discussion was also held to identify examples of objectives that could help develop future curricula. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the number of NTS objectives from each school and within each NOTSS and ANTS Categories and Elements. Learning objectives were obtained from 12 out of 14 Canadian medical schools. A total of 2116 surgery objectives and 571 anesthesiology objectives were reviewed. Of these, 16 (0.76%) and 26 (4.55%) were identified as NTS objectives in surgery and anesthesiology, respectively. Of the NOTSS and ANTS Categories, "Situation Awareness" and "Decision Making" were represented by only one objective each in both specialties. Approximately half of the NOTSS and ANTS Elements were not represented by a single objective. Group discussion yielded examples of NTS objectives that were excellent, could use improvement, or were too vague to be classified as NTS. A paucity of objectives in the clerkship perioperative curricula involve NTS. These findings suggest that NTS are unlikely being adequately introduced as critical skillsets of surgeons and anesthesiologists in undergraduate perioperative education. Future curriculum development should involve greater medical student exposure to NTS as key components of their surgery and anesthesiology education.

Major References for Learning About Healthy Eating: Differences Between Canadian Anglophone and Francophone Men and Women

This study examined associations between main references Anglophone and Francophone men and women refer to when learning healthy eating, and their knowledge of best food habits (KBFH), body mass in...

Associations between Meal Involvement and Health Behaviors: Canadian Anglophone and Francophone Youth in One- and Two-Parent Families

Associations between Meal Involvement and Health Behaviors: Canadian Anglophone and Francophone Youth in One- and Two-Parent Families

Confronting the hype

Crisis mapping has emerged as a method of connecting and empowering citizens during emergencies. This article explores the hyperbole behind crisis mapping as it extends into more long-term or ‘chronic’ community development practices. We critically examined developer issues and participant (i.e. community organization) usage within the context of local communities. We repurposed the predominant crisis mapping platform Crowdmap for three cases of community development in Canadian anglophone and francophone. Our case studies show mixed results about the actual cost of deployment, the results of disintermediation, and local context with the mapping application. Lastly, we discuss the relationship of hype, temporality, and community development as expressed in our cases.

Reciprocal Cooperation and the Moderating Effect of Individualism: A Five-Country Negotiation Study

ABSTRACT Researchers have conceptualized the problem-solving approach to include cooperation between negotiators in order to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. The observed cooperation between parties embodies the concept of positive reciprocity where negotiators match the cooperative bargaining strategy of their counterparts. Using this premise, the current study investigates reciprocity through the relationship between negotiators’ perceptions of their counterpart's cooperative behaviors and their own reported behaviors. The mitigating effect of individualism-collectivism on the above relationship is also explored. The findings provide empirical evidence that negotiators’ perceptions of their counterpart's cooperative behaviors are positively related to their own strategy. This relationship was consistently supported across five groups of business negotiators: Canadian Anglophone, Greek, Mexican, Filipino, and American. However, this positive reciprocal relationship is negated when the negotiator comes from an individualistic-type culture.

Writing between the Lines: Portraits of Canadian Anglophone Translators (review)

Writing between the Lines: Portraits of Canadian Anglophone Translators (review)

Testing a Negotiation Model on Canadian Anglophone and Mexican Exporters

In this study, the authors test a previously developed model of negotiations. The structural equations model focuses on the antecedents of problem-solving behaviors and negotiators’ satisfaction. The replication uses two new groups of businesspeople—Canadian Anglophone and Mexican industrial exporters. Similarities and differences in model fit were discovered across the two groups of exporters. Results validated the importance of reciprocity as a social construct in cross-cultural negotiations. The problemsolving behaviors of Canadian and Mexicans were found to be a function of their perceptions of the counterparts’ strategy. Mexicans’ problem-solving behaviors subsequently influenced their expressed satisfaction with outcomes. The impact of bargainer and organizational characteristics varied across the two groups.

From Corporate Welfare to National Interest: Newspaper Analysis of the Public Subsidization of NHL Hockey Debate in Canada

Despite the historic and popular alignment of ice hockey with Canadian identity, the public subsidization of National Hockey League (NHL) franchises remains a highly contentious public issue in Canada. In January 2000 the Canadian government announced a proposal to subsidize Canadian-based NHL franchises. The proposal, however, received such a hostile national response that only three days after its release an embarrassed Liberal government was forced to rescind it. This article explores how Canadian anglophone newspapers mediated the NHL subsidy debate and emerged as critical sites through which several interrelated issues were contested: the subsidization of NHL franchises, competing discourses of Canadian national identity, and the broader political-economic and sociocultural impacts of the Canadian government’s adherence to a neoliberal agenda.

Narrative in the feminine: Daphne Marlatt and Nicole Brossard

What does it mean to tell a story from a woman's point of view? have Canadian anglophone and francophone writers translated feminist literary theory into practice? Avant-garde writers Daphne Marlatt and Nicole Brossard answer these, and many more questions, in their two groundbreaking works, now made more accessible through the careful, narratological readings and theoretical background in Narrative in the Feminine. Susan Knutson begins her study with an analysis of the contributions made by Marlatt and Brossard to international feminist theory. Part Two presents a narratological reading of How Hug a Stone, arguing that at the deepest level of narrative, Marlatt constructs a gender-inclusive human subject which defaults not to the generic masculine but to the feminine. Part Three proposes a parallel reading of Picture Theory, Brossard's playful novel that draws us into (re-) readings of many other texts written by Brossard, Barnes, Wittig, Joyce, de Beauvoir, Homer...to name a few. Chapter 12 closes with a reflection on the expression criture au fminin -- a Qubcois contribution to an international theoretical debate. Readers who care about feminist writing and language theory, and students and teachers of Canadian literature and critical and queer studies, will find this book invaluable for its careful readings, its scholarly overview, and its extension of the feminist concept of the generic. Not least, the study is a guide to two important works of the leading experimental writers of Canada and Quebec, Daphne Marlatt and Nicole Brossard.

Meanings of Work and Personal Values of Canadian Anglophone and Francophone Middle Managers

AbstractThe goal of this study was to see if the meaning of work and personal values of Canadian Anglophone public sector male middle‐managers would be more individualist (e. g., more achievement‐oriented in the business world) than those of Francophone managers, who were predicted to be more collectivist (i. e., more concerned with affiliation and family concerns). This was done using a modified version of Triandis's (1972) antecedent‐consequent method. Managers gave logical associations to 21 work and personal values, reporting antecedents (what leads to) and consequents (what results from) of progress toward each value. In Study 1, 86 Anglophone and 82 Francophone managers provided antecedents and consequents to the values in a free‐response questionnaire. In Study 2, a different but comparable group of 80 Anglophone and 94 Francophone managers completed a multiple‐choice questionnaire based on high‐frequency responses given in Study 1. Results from chi‐square analyses (no differences between groups for 86% of the value stimuli) and Pearson's correlation for profile similarity (r = 0.92, p <0.01) showed that, in general, Anglophone and Francophone managers in this study shared a similar individualist‐collectivist understanding of most of the 21 values. This overall similarity was discussed in terms of the social change that has occurred in Québec over the past 15 years as well as the growing similarity in business school curricula and the work experience of Anglophone and Francophone managers.RésuméLe but de cette recherche était de vérifier si la signification des valeurs au travail et personnelles de gestionnaires anglophones masculins de la Fonction publique canadienne est plus individualiste (i. e., plus orientée vers le succès dans les affaires) que celle des gestionnaires francophones posée comme étant plus collective (i. e., plus orientée vers les relations et les questions familiales). Une version modifiée de la méthode des antécédents et conséquents de Triandis (1972) a été utilisée. Les gestionnaires, par associations logiques, donnaient les antécédents (ce qui mène à) et les conséquents (ce qui découle) de 21 valeurs personnelles et au travail. Dans la première étude, 86 anglophones et 82 francophones ont exprimé les antécédents et conséquents à ces valeurs dans des réponses à des questions ouvertes. Dans la deuxième étude, un groupe différent, mais comparable, de 80 gestionnaires anglophones et de 94 francophones ont rempli un questionnaire à choix multiples construit à partir des réponses les plus fréquemment obtenues dans la première étude. L'analyse par la méthode du chi‐carré (aucune différence entre les deux groupes pour 86% des stimuli de valeurs) et le coefficient de corrélation de Pearson pour la similitude de profil (r=0.92, p<0.01) révèlent qu'en général, les gestionnaires anglophones et francophones, dans cette recherche, ont la měme compréhension individualistecollective pour la plupart des 21 valeurs. Cette signification similaire a été interprétée à la lumière des changements sociaux survenus au Québec dans les dernières 15 années et de la ressemblance de plus en plus grande entre les programmes d'études des écoles en gestion et les expériences de travail des gestionnaires anglophones et francophones.

Participation in Competitive Sport Among Anglophones and Francophones in Canada: Testing Competing Hypotheses

This paper provides tests of competing hypotheses on participation in competitive sport by anglophones and francophones in Canada. Two competing sets of theoretical arguments inform the analysis — one based on an ethnic value differences perspective and the other on an ethnic homogenization perspective. The first view argues that there are key differences in achievement orientation between the Canadian anglophone and francophone language groups. This being the case, anglophones should be more likely than francophones to be involved in competitive sport. Also, among those involved in sport, reported motives of "competition" and "personal challenge" should be more frequent for anglophones than francophones. The competing line of argument has it that, as a consequence of the economic and political modernization of French Canada, francophones have adopted values and behaviours that are highly similar to those of their anglophone counterparts. By this view, there should be minimal, if any, differences in participation in and orientation toward competitive sport between anglophones and francophones. The hypotheses are tested in multivariate analyses of national survey data on forms of sport involvement among male and female Canadian adults. The findings are much as predicted by the value differences thesis both for involvement in competitive sport and for reasons for involvement.

Cultural Variation in the Inference of Pain

This research investigates cultural variation in pain inference by quantifying the amount of pain attributed to nine conditions, by means of Thurstone's technique of paired comparisons. Subjects were selected from four cultural groups residing in Western Canada: the Canadian (Anglophone), the Ukrainian, the East Indian, and the Hutterite. Inter group differences were found in both the rank ordering and the quantitative evaluation of the painfulness of nine conditions. The authors conclude that the amount of pain inferred or attributed to these conditions is culturally learned.

Job motivation of Canadian Anglophone and Francophone hospital employees.

Motivational orientations of the Canadian Angolphone employees in hospitals were compared. The results revealed that certain culture based differences in job motivation of the t wo groups found in earlier studies and observed mainly among industrial managers are also found among hospital

Personal Values of Canadian Anglophone and Francophone Employees and Ethnolinguistic Group Membership, Sex, and Position Level

Summary The influence of ethnolinguistic group membership, sex, and position level on terminal and instrumental value hierarchies was investigated. Value profile data from 690 Anglophones and 250 Francophones working coast-to-coast in the Public Service of Canada sector reflected high overall value similarity and parallelism across ethnolinguistic, sex, and position level groupings. At the same time the distinctiveness of the groups was noted. Francophones gave a greater importance to social value orientation, and Anglophones to a more personal one, while females emphasized a more interpersonal value orientation and males a more immediate need-gratification orientation. Supervisors stressed a more delayed “work ethic” gratification orientation, while recruit level employees stressed a more interpersonal immediate need-gratification orientation. Results are discussed in view of multiple past and present primary and secondary socialization experiences.

The influence of ethnolinguistic group membership, sex and position level on motivational orientation of Canadian anglophone and francophone employees.

The influence of ethnolinguistic group membership, sex and position level on motivational orientation of Canadian anglophone and francophone employees.

Motivational orientation of Canadian Anglophone and Francophone managers.

Motivational orientation of Canadian Anglophone and Francophone managers.