CAN Bus Network Research Articles

Efficient Crypto Engine for Authenticated Encryption, Data Traceability, and Replay Attack Detection Over CAN Bus Network

Efficient Crypto Engine for Authenticated Encryption, Data Traceability, and Replay Attack Detection Over CAN Bus Network

SREM: Smart renewable energy management scheme with distributed learning and EV network

In this article, aiming to develop the Green Internet of Vehicles (G‐IoV), we propose a smart energy management system that leverages the intelligence edge clients and the distributed electric vehicles (EVs). The system proposed in this article incorporates the benefits of both software, specifically in terms of the user interface, and hardware, specifically in terms of edge clients. In particular, this system integrates intelligence edge clients with an EV CAN bus network as an electronic control unit. By leveraging the intelligent edge clients recommendation system, EVs can make informed decisions on battery charging or discharging actions. As a result, a virtual‐power‐plant (VPP) can treat the EVs network as a vast intelligent energy storage facility, efficiently managing the battery energy of all distributed EVs connected to the platform and fully utilizing the electricity generated from renewable energy sources. We experimentally verify that using federal learning to train models in EV networks versus training models directly in EVs, using federal learning in EV networks yields better experimental results.

An Integrated Approach to Securing In-Vehicle CAN Bus Network Using ECU Fingerprinting and Image Classification Techniques

An Integrated Approach to Securing In-Vehicle CAN Bus Network Using ECU Fingerprinting and Image Classification Techniques

Design and Validation of an In-Vehicle Data Recorder System for Testing Purposes

This paper presents the design and statistical validation of an In-Vehicle Data Recorder System (IVDR) for testing purposes, implementing the use of CAN bus (Controller Area Network) communications protocol through the SAE J1962 port. The device works according to an interrupt-based algorithm that reads the vehicles sensor data sent through the CAN bus network. This data is stored in an external memory card and sent to a server using a General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) module, it can also be connected to a computer to view the data in real time. The proposed IVDR was thoroughly validated by means of multiple experiments, including one in which its performance was compared to an industrial use device with similar functions, it has also already been used in the development of a Typical Driving Cycle (TDC) for the city of Chia in Colombia. Statistical analysis shows that the device performs similarly against commercial devices and complies with SAE standard guidelines, presenting the device as a low-cost and reliable option for testing purposes and massively distributed IoT applications.

Multiple Observation HMM-Based CAN Bus Intrusion Detection System for In-Vehicle Network

As modern vehicles become more intelligent and connected, the number of ECUs and communication interfaces with external networks (such as 3G/4G and Bluetooth) has increased significantly, which raises potential network security risks. Due to the absence of effective security measures, there is a frequent occurrence of cybersecurity incidents targeting vehicles, particularly the in-vehicle CAN bus network. As the main bus in the vehicle, CAN bus faces important challenges in its safety due to the lack of security mechanisms. Therefore, we propose a CAN bus intrusion detection system based on multiple observation HMM for in vehicle networks to enhance the security of the vehicle. Specifically, the proposed algorithm builds a multiple observation HMM based on the ID and data fields of normal CAN bus traffic. According to the established HMMs, we calculate the existence probability of the frame under the defined time window as the detection threshold. When the existence probability of the frame to be detected exceeds the normal threshold range, it is considered abnormal. Furthermore, we establish four common attack models based on the collected real vehicle data, and evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in these attack scenarios. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better detection performance than other frame by frame anomaly detection methods in four attack scenarios.

Outlining the mission profile of agricultural tractors through CAN-BUS data analytics

Tractor manufacturers need to know how farmers use their agricultural tractors for an optimal machine design. Tractor usage is not easy to assess due to the large variability of field operations. However, modern tractors embed sensors integrated into the CAN-BUS network and their data is accessible through the ISO 11,783 protocol. Even though this technology has been available for a long time, the use of CAN-BUS data for outlining the tractor usage is still limited, because a proper post-processing method is lacking. This study aimed to present a novel classification scheme of CAN-BUS data which permits to outline the tractor usage. On a tractor, a CAN-BUS data logger and a GNSS receiver were installed, and real-world data were recorded for 579 h. Thus, data was obtained in the most realistic condition. Tractor positions were classified using GIS layers while operating conditions were classified depending on the usage of the tractor’s subsystems. The method highlights that showed to be able to detect the 97% of the logged data and that the tractor operated on the field in working, on idle, and moving duties for 65%, 18% and 16% of the time, respectively. The method allows a far more precise outline of tractor usage opening opportunities to obtain large benefits from massively collected CAN-BUS data.

Research on CAN Bus Anomaly Detection Based on LSTM AndResNet

With the rapid development of intelligent network vehicles, the safety of the vehicle network is taken seriously increasingly, the CAN as the most widely used car on-board network, its security problem has become one of the most important problemsin intelligent made car development, the communication of CAN bus network characteristic and the existing safety problems and analyzes the common means of attack, on the basis of this puts forward the anomaly detection model based on LSTM And ResNet, through the experimental results show that this method CAN effectively detect deception attack.

Investigation of real-time optimization based on CAN bus

Aiming at the problem of CAN bus network transmission delay which affects the transmission rate, a bus network transmission delay model is established. The main indicators of network transmission delay are modeled. A hybrid optimization combining message offset compensation and identifier optimization is proposed. In terms of overall optimization, an optimization method for message segmentation and encoding scheme is designed, and a method for offset compensation of delayed messages is designed for partial parts. Symtavision software is used to simulate network conditions of the two CAN buses. Analyse the main indicators of delay after the optimization plan is adopted. The simulation results show that the hybrid optimization scheme can reduce the delay by more than 16% compared with before, which significantly improves the network communication quality, and improves the network transmission rate and scalability.

A Model-Based Design Approach for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Tractor Energy Management Strategy Using Hardware in the Loop Technique

Recent developments in emissions regulations are pushing Non-Road Mobile Machineries manufacturers towards the adoption of more efficient solutions to reduce the amount of pollutants per unit of work performed. Electrification can be a reasonable alternative to traditional powertrain to achieve this goal. The higher complexity of working machines architectures requires, now more than ever, better design and testing methodologies to better integrate electric systems into mechanical and hydraulic layouts. In this work, the attention focused on the use of a Hardware in the Loop (HIL) approach to test performance of an energy management strategy (called load observer) developed specifically for an orchard tractor starting from field characterization. The HIL bench was designed to replicate a scaled architecture of a parallel hybrid electric tractor at mechanical and electrical level. The vehicle behavior was simulated with a personal computer connected on the CAN BUS network designed for the HIL system. Several tasks were simulated starting from data gathered during field measurements of a daily use of the machine. Results showed good performance in terms of load split between the two power sources and stability of the speed control although the variability of the applied load.

CAN bus network design of bifurcated power electric tractor

The traditional wiring connection of tractors faces difficulty in meeting the requirements of information sharing, high real-time performance, and high reliability among the electronic control units of electric tractors. This study takes a bifurcated power electric tractor as an example and designs the CAN communication network system of a bifurcated power electric tractor on the basis of ISO 11783 protocol. On the basis of the structural form and operation characteristics of the bifurcated power electric tractor, the CAN communication network nodes are divided, and the functions of each node are defined. This study aims at four common network topologies. A mathematical model is established on the basis of graph theory, the total information per second T and the node information per second Z of each structure are analyzed and compared, and the communication network of the electric tractor is designed by using high- and low-speed dual-bus structure. The communication protocol and system software design are developed on the basis of the ISO 11783 protocol. The hardware function and communication effect of the communication system are tested by dSPACE simulation platform and CANoe software. Test results show that the communication effect of the designed CAN bus network system is good, and the bus load rate is approximately 12%. This study provides a reference for the design of CAN communication network system for electric tractors.

Co-simulation of transfer alignment and CAN busbased on CANoe-MATLAB

The research on rapid transfer alignment for INS on moving base is very important in the field of the inertia technology. In order to build the real-time CAN bus network simulation system with the velocity matching model of the transfer alignmentalgorithm, CANoe(CAN open environment)-MATLAB interface is applied. The CANoe-MATLAB interface is connected with MATLAB/Simulink which has powerful modeling functions and CANoe which has perfect function of bus simulation. Modeling the transfer alignmentalgorithm by MATLAB/Simulink and providing the real-time CAN bus network communications in HIL(hardware-in-loop) simulation by CANoe. The simulations tests show that co-simulation system built by the CANoe and the MATLAB/Simulink performs favorably with rapid convergence and validity.

A method for remotely upgrade C8051F041 program based on CAN bus network

The CAN bus is a serial communication network using the CAN protocol. The microcontroller of C8051F041 is a highly integrated mixed-signal system-on-a-chip with an integrated CAN bus controller. The article describes in detail how to implement remote update of all MCU Flash under the same CAN bus network. The result shows that all MCU Flash in the same bus network can be remotely updated. Only CAN bus is needed for update and no additional Connected. Program maintenance and maintenance costs can be effectively reduced in industrial control networks.

Development of a General- Purpose Test Platform for Agricultural Navigation

Field tests are necessary in establishing navigation models and algorithms for agricultural vehicle robots. And it costs much to use tractors or combine harvesters as the platform in terms of system modification, routine maintenance and fuel consumption. The objective of this research was to develop a general-purpose test platform for conducting experiments in agricultural autonomous navigation at a low cost based on a commercially available electric vehicle. A brushless motor was utilized as the power source for automatic steering. An analog PID controller was designed to compare steering commands and actual steering angle and calculate an appropriate voltage signal as the input of the motor driver. A rotary encoder was attached to the driving wheel and a digital PID controller was implemented to determine the throttle value in real-time in maintaining the test platform at a desired speed. A CAN-bus network was established to integrate the automatic steering system and the speed control system as two nodes for information communication. And a CAN node interface was reserved for receiving commands from autonomous navigation systems to be evaluated. Field tests showed that RMS errors were 2.6 cm and 0.054 m·s-1 for lateral offset and speed control, respectively, in tracking straight paths, which indicated that the newly developed test platform met requirements for agricultural navigation experiments.

Research on Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle-mounted Network Communication Based on CAN Bus

Aiming at the difficulty of vehicle-mounted network communication diagnosis technology and comprehensive working principle of automobile trunk communication, the key technologies of vehicle-mounted network communication diagnosis are extracted. Based on the characteristics of CAN Bus technology, the working principle of CAN Bus is stated. The typical fault diagnosis and key technology analysis and research of CAN Bus network information transmission are carried out. The efficient and feasible diagnosis method is proposed, which has high application and reference value.

Low Power Sensor Data Monitoring and Controlling Application Due to IOT Based Distributed Solar Panel

A distributed solar panel control system that allows the user to collect, store, and control and monitor a solar farm situated in remote locations anywhere on the planet. The panel orientation is constantly adjusted according to the sunlight using a servo/stepper motor mechanism aiming to generate maximum power. Each panel is connected to a CAN bus network and comes fitted with sensors that measures parameters such as power, current, voltage, and light intensity and panel orientation. The collected data is transmitted to an IoT gateway using the CAN field bus protocol. The IoT gateway is built with Wi-Fi capability that allows it to get connected to the internet via a Wi-Fi router. The gateway is in constant communication with a cloud platform, where the data gets stored and forwarded to the user. The user can now subscribe to this cloud platform and able to view the collected data, and control and monitor the solar farm in real-time from a remote location from his/her smart phone app.

CAN Bus Based Firmware Update System for Distributed Embedded Systems Consisting of ARM Cortex-M0 Series Microcontrollers

In this study, design of a firmware update system for distributed embedded systems consisting of nodes with ARM Cortex M0 microcontrollers is presented. The nodes in the system are connected to each other over high speed CAN Bus 2.0A protocol and the system is controlled by a PC via a graphical user interface. The system allows user to update the Firmware of system nodes through the CAN Bus network. Complete firmware update system for distributed embedded systems with CAN Bus field network is provided by the system designed in this study. With the custom bootloader developed during this study, in application firmware update over CAN Bus feature is integrated to 32 bit STM32F072 microcontroller.

차량용 CAN Bus Network의 고장진단 기법 연구

The maintenance part of the CAN Bus Networks failure is very difficult due to the difficulty of the inspection and the variety of the cause of the failure. In this study, first, diagnosis process is classified into diagnosis process of non-communication in total and diagnostic process of partial communication failure. Second, based on the past fault code, we analyze the fault by analyzing the nearest fault by analyzing the faults through the array and diagram. And, if the past failure codes can not be analyzed, the CAN logger is used to collect data. After that, it is confirmed that the fault diagnosis can be performed effectively by analyzing and checking it. Through this, troubleshooting by the diagnostic process is suggested and the direction of troubleshooting that the field technicians can use for diagnosis and inspection of CAN Bus Networks is presented.

Design of Distributed Multi-Parameter Measurement Control System Based On CAN Bus

This paper introduces a multi-parameter distributed measurement control system based on CAN bus network and uses C8051F040 MCU as measurement control node, and corresponding hardware and software design to realize simultaneous detection of multiple measurement nodes. This paper described the overall structure of the system, introduced the hardware design and system software design of the data acquisition and control processing module based on C8051F040 microcontroller, and verified the correctness and feasibility of the system design by experimental tests.

SKYACTIV Vehicle Dynamics: integration control with re-constructing Vehicle CAN-bus network

SKYACTIV Vehicle Dynamics: integration control with re-constructing Vehicle CAN-bus network

Field classification, modeling and anomaly detection in unknown CAN bus networks

This paper describes a novel domain-aware anomaly detection system for in-car CAN bus traffic. Through inspection of real CAN bus communication, we discovered the presence of semantically-meaningful Constant fields, Multi-Value fields and Counter or Sensor fields. For CAN networks in which the specifications of the electronic control units (ECUs) are unknown, and hence, the borders between the bit-fields are unknown, we developed a greedy algorithm to split the messages into fields and classify the fields into the types we observed. Next, we designed a semantically-aware anomaly detection system for CAN bus traffic. In its learning phase, our system uses the classifier to characterize the fields and build a model for the messages, based on their field types. The model is based on Ternary Content-Addressable Memory (TCAM), that can run efficiently in either software or hardware. During the enforcement phase our system detects deviations from the model. We evaluated our system on simulated CAN bus traffic, and achieved very encouraging results: a median false positive rate of 1% with a median of only 89.5 TCAMs. Finally we evaluated our system on the real CAN bus traffic. With a sufficiently long period of recording, we achieved a median false positive rate of 0% with an average of 252 TCAMs.