Campylobacter In Pigs Research Articles

Prevalence of <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. Isolated from Pigs in Three Slaughterhouses of Yaounde Cameroon

Enteric campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter is a real public health problem. It is a typical zoonosis that can be transmitted through direct contact with contaminated animals or animal carcasses, or indirectly through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. WHO1 defines Campylobacter as the first germ responsible for gastroenteritis in developing countries. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in pigs and to identify the most common species found in three slaughterhouses in the city of Yaounde. A descriptive and prospective study was carried out over a period of five months, from July to November 2020. To do this, Campylobacter spp. strains were searched for by culture on specific media, incubated in a micro-aerophilic atmosphere at 37°C and the identification with API campy (BioMerieux, ref 20800). Out of the 266 samples collected, 170 from the rectum and 96 from the carcasses, we obtained a general prevalence of 27%, with a prevalence of 25.88% in the rectum and 29.16% in the carcasses. Pigs intended for consumption by the population of Yaounde come mainly from the North (50%) and the West (49%). The most common species encountered were C. coli (52.77%), C. jejuni spp. jejuni 1 and 2 (30.58%), C. festus spp. festus (11.11%), C. jejuni spp. doley (1.38%), and Campylobacter spp. (4.16%). Bacterial enumeration gave Campylobacter fecal concentrations at 103 CFU2 (52.7%), 104 CFU (33.3%), and 105 CFU (13.8%). The slaughterhouse in the Mvog Ada market was the most involved in Campybacter cases, followed by the 8th market and Essos market. From the above, it is important to notice that the Campylobacter danger remains and that preventive measures are of great interest.

Selection of macrolide-resistant Campylobacter in pigs treated with macrolides

Veterinary RecordVolume 175, Issue 17 p. 430-430 Research Selection of macrolide-resistant Campylobacter in pigs treated with macrolides M. Usui, M. Usui School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi,...

Occurrences of thermophilic Campylobacter in pigs slaughtered at Morogoro slaughter slabs, Tanzania

Occurrences of thermophlic Campylobacter in pigs and pig carcasses was investigated in a cross-sectional study that was carried out in three selected slaughter slabs in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania. Before sampling, the slab hygiene, slaughter, carcass dressing, and meat handling was assessed. Fecal samples were collected from 66 slaughter pigs at the kill floor. After slaughter, a 100-cm(2) area on medial surface of the thigh muscles of dressed carcasses was sampled using sterile cotton swabs. Thereafter, the jejunal, cecal, and colon contents were also sampled. The samples were subjected to standard bacteriological examination using Skirrows protocol. In all slaughter slabs visited, it was found that pig slaughter, dressing, and meat handling was done on the ground under unhygienic condition. All the slaughter slab environment were dirty and had neither tap water or drainage systems. Thermophilic Campylobacter prevalence in slaughtered pig was 66.7% while contamination rate of dressed carcasses was 10.6%. Of the Campylobacter-positive carcasses, five (12.2%) were from the animals which were also positive to Campylobacter. The isolation rate of Campylobacter in the cecum was higher (34.8%) compared to the small intestines (28.8%) and colon (16.7%) although the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species as it constituted 74% of all isolates, while Campylobacter coli was isolated at 26%. This suggests possible risks of infection to people through consumption of contaminated pork or through contact with infected pigs. Cecum was found to be the major part of intestine highly colonized by Campylobacter.

Campylobacter in Food Animals and Humans in Northern Thailand

Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and case-control studies were conducted to describe the epidemiology of Campylobacter in chickens, swine, dairy cows, farm workers, nonfarm residents, and children with diarrhea. Samples were collected in Chiang Mai and Lamphung provinces of northern Thailand from 2000 through 2003. A total of 2,360 samples were processed. Results from the cross-sectional study indicated that the prevalences of Campylobacter in chickens at the farm, slaughterhouse, and market were 64, 38, and 47%, respectively. In swine, the prevalences at the farm, slaughterhouse, and market were 73, 69, and 23%, respectively. Campylobacter prevalence was 14% in dairy cows and 5% in raw milk. The prevalence of Campylobacter on farms was lower in environmental samples than in samples collected from live animals. No Campylobacter isolates were obtained from healthy nonfarm residents, but isolates were obtained from 5 and 18% of farm workers and children with diarrhea, respectively. The prevalence of Campylobacter in pigs in the longitudinal study was 61% at the farm, 46% at the slaughterhouse, and 33% at the market. The majority of Campylobacter isolates from chickens (52%), swine (98%), and farm workers (66%) were Campylobacter coli, whereas the majority of isolates from dairy cows (63%) and children with diarrhea (62%) were Campylobacter jejuni. Most Campylobacter isolates from diarrheal children had single-strand conformation polymorphism profiles similar to those of isolates from chickens. None of the risk factors for infection in children with diarrhea were significantly associated with the isolation of Campylobacter.

Enteric colonisation following natural exposure to Campylobacter in pigs

A survey was conducted to establish the prevalence of Campylobacter in pigs from an integrated commercial hog farm. This study was carried out in four different groups of pigs: 1) adult gilts (50); 2) pregnant sows (9); 3) piglets at day-of-birth (73); 4) weaned piglets (20). Rectal and/or caecal samples were collected from each pig.Campylobacter was cultured and enumerated from such samples using Bolton enrichment broth and Campy-Cephex agar plates. Both biochemical and serological tests were used to determine Campylobacter species. Gilts had a 76 per cent incidence ofCampylobacter with a mean of 76·3 per cent for C. jejuni, 21 per cent for C. coli and 2·6 per cent for C. lari. Pregnant sows had a 100 per cent incidence of Campylobacter with a mean of 87 per cent forC. jejuni and 13 per cent for C. coli. Newborn piglets had a 57·8 per cent incidence ofCampylobacter , rising to 100 per cent by the time of weaning. Thus it appears that pigs, from the day of birth, are highly susceptible to colonisation by Campylobacter.

Incidence of Campylobacter in pigs with and without diarrhea

Two hundred pigs (1- 21 weeks old), from five piggeries in São Paulo State, Brazil, were divided in two groups of 100 animals each, G1 with diarrhea and G2 without diarrhea. Campylobacter was recovered from 43% of G1 and 34% of G2 specimens, and was more frequently recovered from 0-4 week old piglets. C. coli was the most common species (44.2% in G1 and 32.4% in G2), followed by C. jejuni/coli (16.3% in G1 and 23.5% in G2). Campylobacter counts were significantly higher in G1 (<FONT FACE="Symbol">£</FONT> 108 UFC/g) than in G2 (<FONT FACE="Symbol">£</FONT> 104 UFC/g) (p < 0.01), which suggests that the bacterium may play a role at least in the aggravation of the diarrheic process.

Prevalence of campylobacter in pigs during fattening; an epidemiological study

Numerous epidemiological reports implicate foods of animal origin as vehicles of human campylobacteriosis. Pigs are probably an important reservoir of campylobacter and a potential source of human infection. In order to improve our knowledge of the epidemiology of campylobacter in pigs, the prevalence of campylobacter and its contamination of feed were monitored in eight pig farms. Faeces samples of pigs aged 11 and 22 weeks, and samples of rectal, ileal and gastric content at a slaughterhouse were collected for bacteriological examination. On 5 farms, subsequent groups of pigs housed in the same stalls was sampled, too. A selection of the campylobacter isolates was characterized with a genetic typing method (RFLP). More than 85% of the sampled porkers were shown to be intestinal carriers of campylobacter at all stages of fattening. Subsequent groups of pigs housed in the same stalls were all carriers, too. The level of campylobacters in the faeces tended to decrease as the pigs got older. There was no difference in the frequency and level of infection with campylobacter between porkers on different farms. The feeding system (wet feed versus dry pellets) did not seem to influence the prevalence of campylobacter although wet feed gave lower counts of Enterobacteriaceae in the faeces. RFLP-typing showed a high diversity of campylobacter strains at each sampling on the farm. Similarities were seen between strains isolated during two subsequent samplings of the same group of pigs, but not between strains isolated on the same farm from subsequent groups of pigs housed in the same stall. This suggests that the piglets were already infected at a young age on the breeding farm.