Campaign In India Research Articles

Factors and Consequences of the Battle between the Seljuks and the Ghaznavids at Dandanqan

Afghanistan, our wonderful country, has a glorious past. Many great men and heroes have been nurtured in this ancient land, leaving valuable contributions in the golden pages of our country's history, which society and the nation take pride in. Among them, we can mention the invaluable services of Sultan Mahmood of Ghaznawi in the political and cultural fields of the country. As soon as he became powerful, he made all possible attempts to broaden his territory. Although the establishment of the independent and grand Ghaznavid state is attributed to Alp-Tegin, its glory is linked to Sabuktigin, especially his son, Sultan Mahmud of Gaznavi. After the fall of the Samani state, Mahmood stepped in, restored the lost state, and founded a vast empire. He worked to strengthen the internal unity of the country by defeating his internal rivals and making comprehensive efforts to implement his various plans. Among his plans and programs was the invasion of India, which he pursued with strong determination and achieved numerous successes. The purpose of this research paper is to examine the factors influencing Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi's military campaigns in India, his focus on conquests and expansion, the spread of the Islamic religion in non-Islamic lands, and the elevation of religion and the economy during this period. Research has various methods and approaches. This research paper has been prepared with the library research method and by using the most reliable historical books with complete integrity. In conclusion, we can say that Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi established a central government in India, spread Islamic culture and religion there, and obtained significant economic gains and wealth from the conquest and occupation of India.

Gendered demand for environmental health technologies: Evidence of complementarities from stove auctions in India

We study if prior exposure to one environmental health technology - improved sanitation - complements or substitutes for additional household investments in another such technology – an electric induction cookstove. We conducted a cookstove demand revealing auction ten years after a random half of our sample had been exposed to an intensive sanitation promotion campaign in rural India. We observe that demand for induction cookstoves among men seems to be affected by information they obtain following the sanitation intervention, whereas preferences and demand among women, who likely have more at stake, are unchanged. This points to the importance of understanding interactions between gender, information, knowledge, and preferences for technology, and decision-making power over the adoption of such technology if we are to achieve environmental health targets.

Can Party Elites Shape the Rank and File? Evidence from a Recruitment Campaign in India

Can Party Elites Shape the Rank and File? Evidence from a Recruitment Campaign in India

Dalit Feminism: Historical Context And Impact

Dalit feminism aims to dismantle the prevailing narratives that uphold their oppression by empowering Dalit women to express their agency and reclaim their stories. Notwithstanding casteist violence and persecution, Dalit women have always been important voices for their rights and dignity. Prominent individuals such as Jyotiba Phule, Savitribai Phule, and Ramabai Ambedkar have played a pivotal role in the anticaste and anti-untouchability campaigns in India, championing the cause of women's empowerment and education rights. Organizations like the Dalit Mahila Samiti and the All India Dalit Mahila Adhikar Manch (AIDMAM) sought to address problems including domestic abuse, healthcare access, and sexual exploitation of Dalit women in the 20th century. Dalit feminism also criticizes mainstream feminism for failing to represent the experiences of women from lower castes and for being dominated by upper-class viewpoints. It aims to elevate Dalit women in the feminist conversation and promotes unity with other oppressed groups, such as LGBTQIA+ people and males of lower castes.

Religious proximity and misinformation: Experimental evidence from a mobile phone-based campaign in India

We investigate how religion concordance influences the effectiveness of preventive health campaigns. Conducted during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in two major Indian cities marked by Hindu–Muslim tensions, we randomly assigned a representative sample of slum residents to receive either a physician-delivered information campaign promoting health-related preventive practices, or uninformative control messages on their mobile phones. Messages, introduced by a local citizen (the sender), were cross-randomized to start with a greeting signaling either a Hindu or a Muslim identity, manipulating religion concordance between sender and receiver. We found that doctor messages increased compliance with recommended practices and beliefs in their efficacy. Our findings suggest that the campaign’s impact is primarily driven by shared religion between sender and receiver, leading to increased message engagement and compliance with recommended practices. Additionally, we observe that religion concordance helps protect against misinformation.

The Status of Islamic Art and Architecture in the Ghaznavid Era

The Ghaznavids (1206-962 AD), a Turkic dynasty that ruled vast parts of eastern Iran, are named after their capital and the formation of their state in Ghazna (Ghaznin/Ghazni, located in present-day Afghanistan). After Sebüktigin (ruled 996-977 AD), the primary founder of the Ghaznavid state, his son Mahmud (ruled 1030-997 AD), who, by defeating the last Samanid ruler and conquering Sistan, Turkestan, Khwarazm, Makran, Sistan, and Kerman, elevated the state to its peak of glory. The Abbasid caliph al-Qadir (caliphate 1031-991 AD) confirmed his rule and granted him the title "Yamin al-Dawla." Mahmud’s victorious campaigns in India brought him immense wealth, power, and prestige and contributed to the spread of Islam and the flourishing of the Persian language in the Indian subcontinent. Due to factors such as the Ghaznavid rulers' religious zeal, the dominance of Sunni schools of thought—particularly the Hanafi school—and the prevalence of Ash'ari thought, along with the patronage of the Abbasid caliphate and the flourishing of Sufism, Islamic sciences such as jurisprudence, Hadith studies, Qur'anic knowledge, and literary sciences experienced significant growth. In the religious sphere, non-Sunni sects and religions, such as the Shiites, did not enjoy favorable conditions. Architecture and arts such as goldsmithing, inlaying, and the production of exquisite metalware, as well as industries like textile weaving and carpet making, saw remarkable progress during the Ghaznavid era.

A New Geography for Myths: Echoes of Alexander’s Campaign in India in Apollodorus’s “Library”

The new mythical sagas originated from Alexander’s campaign were fully integrated into Greek mythology, as revealed by the references to India in the Library. Both the reference to the pillars of Dionysus and the ill-fated expedition of Medos depend on versions of the myth that arose in connection with Alexander's campaign and seems to suggest Apollodorus’s interest in traditions connecting Asia with the Greek mythical past.

Tobacco-related content on social networking sites: evidence from a youth-led campaign in India

Background Social networking sites (SNS) have become the contemporary platform of choice for advertising, promoting, sponsoring, boosting and expanding tobacco marketing. A youth-led campaign was conducted to (i) identify and collate violations of tobacco advertisement, promotion, and sponsorship on SNS; and (ii) undertake content analysis of the collated violations. Methods After a series of capacity-building webinars aimed at empowering youths, they were tasked with collating posts (photos and videos) that showcased the promotion and sale of tobacco products online. Additionally, the youth identified relevant hashtags used to promote tobacco. Results The youth identified 748 posts (photos and videos) on SNS where tobacco was being promoted. Most of these posts (84.7%) promoted the ‘smoking form’ of tobacco. Renowned celebrities and influencers with massive followership actively endorsed tobacco products. The youth identified 148 pages that were involved in selling tobacco online. Instagram (62.7%) accounted for the majority, followed by Facebook (23.7%). The most commonly available forms of tobacco in these online stores were ‘smoked forms’ (73.5%). In their efforts, the youth collated 1412 hashtags related to tobacco promotion. The most commonly reported hashtags were #smoking and #hookah. The maximum numbers of tobacco posts were for #vape (296 million) and #smoke (218 million). Conclusions There is an urgent need to revise Section 5 of “The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply, and Distribution) Act, 2003” to broaden the coverage of tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS) prohibition on all internet-based platforms including SNS to protect Indian youth.

Samarqand’s Congregational Mosque of Bibi Khanum as a Representation of Timurid Legitimacy and Rulership

The Bibi Khanum Congregational Mosque is the largest Timurid monument in Samarqand. Commissioned by Timur himself after his military campaign in India in 1399, the architecture of the mosque can be interpreted as a visual representation of Timur’s ambitions to surpass the architectural achievements of the preceding Islamic dynasties. Striving for political legitimacy beyond the legacy of Chinggis Khan, Timur imitated and even exceeded the monumental scale of the architectural ensembles in the Ilkhanid capitals of Tabriz and Sultaniyya. In an attempt to ensure the continuity of the Timurid dynasty, Timur’s successors adopted Yuan iconography and visual vocabulary so as to forge an ancestral and artistic genealogy that directly related the Timurids with the Mongols via the aesthetic legacy of the Ilkhanids and the Yuan. Their cultural production thus secured the continuity of the Timurid royal patrons as just successors of Chinggis Khan.

Vaccine equity and access: A comparative assessment of Covaxin, Covishield, and Sputnik V.

The RNA virus known as SARS-CoV-2, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, was discovered for the first time in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, as a result of the virus's subsequent spread throughout the planet. The urgent creation of safe and effective vaccines has elevated to a top priority in the global healthcare industry because of the terrible effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. The Covaxin and Covishield vaccines were administered as part of the start of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign in India on January 13, 2021. Covaxin is made up of adjuvant-inactivated viral particles, whereas Covishield is an adenovirus vector-based vaccine. The utility and effectiveness of each vaccine are significantly influenced by its formulation, adjuvants, and mode of action. Vaccine efficacy depends on various factors, including the creation of memory cells, cell-mediated immunity, and antibodies. Results from third-phase trials have shown that Covishield exhibits an effectiveness of approximately 90%, while Covaxin demonstrates an effectiveness of around 80%. Both vaccines have demonstrated satisfactory efficacy against several mutant variants of SARS-CoV-2. The effectiveness of Covishield, however, should be noted as compromised if there are significant changes in the spike (S) protein structure in future variants. In contrast, Covaxin may remain effective against such variants due to its ability to elicit multiple antibodies targeting different epitopes. The objective of this study is to evaluate and contrast Covaxin, Covishield & Sputnik v immunogenic and therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, potential vaccination challenges in the coming days will be discussed. Understanding the relative strengths and limitations of these vaccines can inform decision-making and strategies related to vaccine deployment, public health interventions, and future vaccine development efforts."

A Feasibility Study of a System for Generating Dynamically Electoral Rolls

Clean electoral rolls plays vital role in free and fair elections from the bedrock of an Indian democracy. An electoral roll is an official list of inhabitants who are eligible to cast their vote in an election in their residential area. An Inhabitant (citizen) can be registered as a voter in a place where they are ordinarily resident. However, the seasonal migration and relentless urbanization can end up being on more than one electoral roll. A variety of reasons relentless urbanization and inter-and intra-city movements pose a challenge to having an updated and accurate electoral roll in urban areas. Bogus voting is another seriously considerable issue which is duplication owing to their enrolment in electoral rolls in several places made by hyperactive political parties. The use of proposed System for Generating Dynamically Electoral Rolls (SGDER) is to identify eligible voters and not to just make the enrolment process simpler; it will also help to avoid the duplication of voter names across constituencies. This system is to exploit for meeting effectively and efficiently the electoral roll registration, update requirements of ever increasing inhabitants and it maximizes accuracy and minimizes the process time, discrepancy and maintains uniqueness. The proposed system proves to be better than existing door-to-door campaign in India.

A Case Study on Social Media Marketing Campaigns in India

In this research paper, a comprehensive exploration of the subject "Social Media Marketing Campaigns in India" has been meticulously undertaken. This thorough investigation encompasses a detailed analysis of the strategies, impact, challenges, and evolving trends within the context of India's dynamic digital landscape. The paper delves into the intricacies of successful campaigns, scrutinizes their influence on consumer behavior, and highlights the symbiotic relationship between social media platforms and marketing practices in the Indian milieu. India's social media marketing initiatives are a fascinating example of how culture, strategy, and creativity can be seamlessly blended. As the number of internet users continues to rise, companies have launched innovative marketing initiatives that capitalize on the country's cultural variety. These commercials show a sophisticated awareness of the Indian market by deftly blending international styles with regional norms. Using social media channels like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube strategically has helped businesses create stories and images that reach consumers on an emotional level. Cultural events like Diwali and Eid provide essential settings for ads, lending authenticity and gravitas. Collaborations with influential people who can endorse things in a genuine and approachable way are a major part of these efforts. In addition, social problems are often woven into ads to demonstrate a company's support for important causes and pique the interest of conscientious customers. User-generated content contests, which are typically paired with creative hashtags to encourage wider participation and community interaction, add to the interactive element of campaigns.

Role of Media Management and social media in Election Campaign in India: A Case Study of 2019 General Election

The social media behemoths Facebook, Twitter, Google, and YouTube have become significant players in the national elections and state assembly elections in India. Social media has grown in importance as a campaigning tool in the Indian electoral system. These new media platforms are believed to play a key role in luring voters, particularly the new generation of young adults. Political parties and candidates can more quickly and efficiently reach a huge number of voters thanks to social media. Social media, as opposed to traditional media, enables politicians to actively communicate with potential voters. Social media enables political parties and candidates to communicate their values, objectives, and accomplishments with voters directly, giving them a sense of increased involvement in the election.
 Candidates may more easily track participation on social media and provide their supporters with a behind-the-scenes look at their campaign. The gathering of news that is most pertinent to important target audiences is also made easier by these new media platforms. Research is crucial because social media usage is on the rise and has been proved to be significant. The current study focuses on the usage and growth of social media in the political sphere and how it affects public participation in politics and society at large. The study will first look at the growth of social media as a voter outreach tool.

Breathing Room: Cleaner Fuels for Home Cooking in LMICs.

Breathing Room: Cleaner Fuels for Home Cooking in LMICs.

How effective are health awareness campaigns in India among young citizens?

Background: COVID-resurgence has been seen of late in 2022. A country’s success against pandemics like COVID-19 depends largely on the health behavior of public, which is a function of health education. Aims and Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of such health campaigns that raises this vital awareness among undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: A web-based questionnaire was circulated among non-medical students and student groups of colleges based in Kolkata city (India), to assess their preparedness through their awareness and preventive practice adopted against COVID-19. Results: Mass media (85.3%) and social media (83.2%) were important sources of vital information. Fever (96.0%) was the most common symptom known, 95.9% aware about human-to-human transmission. 59.4% knew face masks were protective, while 40.2% held a 6-feet social distancing was effective. 82.2% said handwashing for 20 s or more with soap and 86.2% held that hand-rubs with 70% alcohol were helpful in disease prevention. 23.9% resorted to over-the-counter medications to prevent the disease, 43.2% used the Government’s “Aarogya Setu” mobile application. Participants from urban areas, higher socio-economic class, with elderly family member and who personally knew COVID-19 patient(s), tended to have adequate knowledge about the disease. However, many were not practicing adequate preventive measures. Conclusion: Although most were aware about COVID-19, knowledge about the correct application of preventive measures was lacking. Grassroots healthcare workers may be used in the sensitization process, along with mass awareness campaigns. Using the goodwill of political and religious leaders to inculcate protective habits in the general people should also be considered.

An Analysis of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in India

The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been affecting people all across the world for the past two years. For the virus to be destroyed, basic personal health education is a need, and it plays a significant role in the virus’s downfall. The entire population of a country cannot be protected by coronavirus vaccines, which only offer some amount of protection. World Health Organisation (WHO) claims that affluent nations are now able to immunise the majority of their citizens, poor nations are unable to immunise even their medical staff. The present study primary goal was to examine India’s immunisation campaign. In this study paper, secondary data predominately were used.

From #Sexual Assault to #Political Campaign Issue: Understanding Sexual Assault Narratives on Social Media Platforms During Political Campaigns in India

In recent years, online election campaigns in India have evolved beyond using only Twitter and Facebook to take advantage of the population’s continuing interest in other social media platforms. Hashtag campaigns are now found on other platforms, such as Instagram, WhatsApp, and YouTube. With this development, online discourses on political campaigns have matured and become diverse. Several social movement issues in India, such as the anti-corruption movement, anti-caste movement, citizenship movement, and the #MeToo movement, have developed and been sustained on social media platforms in the past eight years. Since 2014, some of these movements have coexisted and intersected with election campaigns in India. This qualitative mixed-method study is an analysis of the influence of sexual assault narratives on online political campaigns in India. This study concerns the intersection of the theoretical frameworks of hashtag activism and locational identity, and it is based on the extensive interviews of eight citizen political volunteers and the thematic analysis of 60,195 Facebook posts during the election campaigns in Bihar and West Bengal elections in 2020 and 2021. The study finds that the political campaigns integrate sexual assault narratives into their online discourses if those narratives promote scandal frames and/or revenge frames. The campaign discourses on social media platforms seldom focus on the policy-related issue of sexual assault.

Communication lessons learned from the 2017 measles-rubella campaign in India: perspectives from vaccine decision-makers.

In 2017, to reduce the burden of measles and rubella, a nation-wide measles-rubella campaign was launched in India. Despite detailed planning efforts that involved many stakeholders, vaccine refusal arose in several communities during the campaign. As strategic health communication and promotion is critical in any vaccine campaign, we sought to document lessons learned from the 2017 MR campaign from a strategic health communication and promotion perspective to capture lessons learned. To inform future campaigns, we conducted in-depth interviews through a perspective that is not usually captured, that of government and civil society stakeholders that had experience in vaccine campaign implementation (n = 21). We interviewed stakeholders at the national level and within three states that had diverse experiences with the campaign. Three key themes related to strategic health communication and promotion emerged: the importance of sensitizing communities at all levels through relevant and timely information about the vaccine and the vaccine campaign, leveraging key influencers to deliver tailored messaging about the importance of vaccines and mitigating vaccine misinformation rapidly. Our study findings have important implications for health communication and promotion research related to vaccine campaigns. The field must continue to enhance vaccine campaign efforts by identifying important health communication and promotion factors, including the importance of sensitization, trusted messengers that use tailored messaging and mitigating misinformation, as vaccine campaigns are crucial in improving vaccine acceptance.

Persuading voters to punish corrupt vote-buying candidates: Experimental evidence from a large-scale radio campaign in India

During the 2014 Indian general elections, we carried out a large-scale experiment randomizing a radio campaign highlighting the disadvantages of voting for corrupt vote-buying candidates. Official electoral data show that the radio campaign significantly decreased the vote share of parties that engaged in the most vote buying (as reported by journalists). Voter survey data show that the campaign increased the salience of corruption as an election issue and decreased voting for parties that offered gifts. From a policy perspective, we show that radio campaigns are a cost-effective method to influence voter behavior. From a measurement perspective, we show that journalist interviews can impartially identify vote-buying parties.

Vaccine acceptance in rural India: Engaging faith leaders as vaccine ambassadors.

IntroductionReligious faith is a key marker of identity and shapes community perspectives and trust. Faith leader involvement in vaccine campaigns in India have been beneficial to counter misinformation regarding infectious diseases such as polio. Faith leaders are influential stakeholders who bear potential to enhance public confidence in vaccine campaigns.ContextWhile vaccine coverage has been increasing in India, inequities abound, especially in populations with historically low vaccine confidence. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to major disruptions in delivery of routine immunization services for children. To address these challenges, we co-designed interventions aimed at contextual communication strategies and peer support. Engaging faith leaders was an important part of this intervention. In this report we describe our experience and highlight the perspectives of faith leaders and their expectations of the outcomes for this intervention.Programmatic elementsThe CIVIC Project, conducted from January to December 2021 aimed to engage caregivers, community health workers and key stakeholders, particularly, faith leaders in co-designing interventions to address vaccine hesitancy in Mewat. The project, deeply rooted in community based participatory research, used a three-E approach (Exploration of community perspectives, Establishment of vaccine trust and awareness, Engagement in vaccine promotion activities) to successfully engage faith leaders in the design and dissemination of media messages advocating for vaccine acceptance and uptake.Lessons learnedThe involvement of faith leaders in the intervention benefited the community in two ways. First, faith leaders were spotlighted via videos, often disseminating advice and personal anecdotes about vaccines, thus reassuring caregivers and community members who previously expressed distrust in vaccines. Second, involvement of trusted faith leaders provided a platform for a two-way dialogue for the community to openly discuss and address myths and misconceptions regarding vaccines. This project provided the learning that co-creating interventions with faith leaders who are often gatekeepers of close-knit communities can lead to the development of vaccine positive messaging that community members relate with, motivating increased vaccine confidence.