Camp In Turkey Research Articles

Türkiye'deki Suriyeli Kadın Mülteciler Arasında Travmanın Bir Sonucu Olarak Yeni Başlayan Oligomenore

Introduction: Depression is a common psychological response to trauma and stress, and research suggests that depression may play a role in the development of menstrual irregularities in women, including oligomenorrhea. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the gynecological symptom of oligomenorrhea as a consequence of traumatic events and its relation with depression and sexual dysfunction in Syrian refugee women in Turkey. Materials and Methods: The study was held in one of the refugee camps in Turkey (Cevdetiye, Osmaniye) in April 2013. A total of 404 Syrian refugee women were interviewed during their medical visits at the gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic located in the refugee camp for menstrual cycle irregularities, depression and sexual dysfunction in regard to the parameters such as the level of linguistic communication skills, ethnic origin, marital status, active involvement of husband or loss of any first degree relative in civil war. Results: A total of 404 refugee women of different ethnicities (Turkish n=310 and Arabic n=94) were interviewed. Out of 404 participants, 200 (49.5%) had secondary oligomenorrhea (study group) and 204 (50.5%) had normal menstrual cycles (control group). Oligomenorrhea was found to be significantly associated with decreased sexual function, active involvement of husband in civil war and higher depression scores. Conclusion and suggestion: Depression is one of the major component of post-traumatic events and one of the known reasons of menstrual irregularities in women. Menstrual irregularities, particularly oligomenorrhea, may be an objective and initial gynecological sign in refugee women alerting the clinicians to refer the women for further psychiatric evaluation

An exploratory, single-center study of factors associated with child marriage among Syrian female adolescents residing in Turkey

ABSTRACT This exploratory study aimed to evaluate factors related with child marriage compared to unmarried status in female adolescent residents in a refugee camp in Turkey. The rate of child marriage and developmental status of offspring from those marriages were reported. A research team evaluated married female youth and their offspring for psychopathologies according to DSM-5 criteria and ascertained lifetime traumatic events among mothers. We compared the traumatic experiences and psychopathologies of married females and controls. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most common diagnosis in both groups and child brides reported greater cumulative traumatic experiences and elevated rates of PTSD. More than one-tenth (i.e., 15.1%) of offspring of child brides displayed developmental delays and 12.1% were diagnosed with global developmental delay.

Gender Differences in the Symptomatology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Syrian Refugees Settled in a Camp in Turkey.

This study firstly described gender differences in traumatic experiences and the symptomatology and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among Syrian refugees settled in a camp in Turkey. Secondly, we aimed to discuss the reasons for gender differences, by comparing with the studies conducted on these Syrian refugees of the same culture who are the victims of the same war in their new settlement where they had been forced to migrate. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 352 refugees, randomly selected from a single settlement. The diagnosis of PTSD was performed using face-to-face psychiatric interviews according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria. The Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire and a sociodemographic history form were administered to all participants. We compared our results with other PTSD studies on Syrian Refugees. Men were exposed to traumatic events 1.29 times more frequently than women. However, the prevalence of PTSD was significantly higher in women (44.1%) than in men (18.1%), with a prevalence of 30.7% in the overall sample. While symptoms of intrusion and avoidance/numbing were more prevalent in women with PTSD, there was no difference in symptoms of hypervigilance between genders. However, women reported a higher prevalence of fear response to traumatic events. Female refugees may be more prone than men to develop PTSD, although both genders shared the same traumatic environment in the early post-traumatic periods. The higher frequency of intrusion and avoidance/numbing may originate from an increased tendency of anxiety structural dissociation among women, alongside possibly higher peritraumatic dissociation, which may be also boosted by the higher ongoing perception of threat among female refugees. The possible role of peritraumatic and ongoing dissociation in PTSD should be taken into consideration for further research, particularly among populations under ongoing threat.

A World Famous, Yet Unknown, Countertenor: Basile Bolotine of Serge Jaroff’s Don Cossack Choir

A World Famous, Yet Unknown, Countertenor: Basile Bolotine of Serge Jaroff's Don Cossack Choir Donna Arnold (bio) PROVENANCE prov·e·nance (prǒv´ ə nəns) n. Place of origin, source. [Lat. Provenire, to originate.] Well before countertenors became prominent in classical music's early music movement of the mid-twentieth century, countless concertgoers in Europe and America had already experienced their artistry. This was because Serge Jaroff's Don Cossack Choir, a world famous a cappella Russian émigré ensemble, showcased singers they called falsettists. We now would call them countertenors. Basile Bolotine (1895–1981) was a beloved falsettist in the choir for many years, and thanks to his recorded legacy, his music is still cherished. Because his name has never been well known, this essay seeks to introduce him by name both to those who have and have not yet experienced his music. The choir had an extraordinary history. It was founded late in 1920 at a wretched internment camp in Turkey. Thousands of Don Cossack soldiers who were expelled from Russia after losing the civil war to the Bolsheviks were detained there. To raise their morale, the camp commander ordered that a choir be formed from the best singers in the regimental choirs. Detainee Serge Jaroff (1896–1985), a graduate of Moscow's prestigious Synodal School of Church Singing, was ordered to establish it.1 All of his potential choristers were amateurs. Against all odds, he selected thirty-six men, arranged repertoire for them from memory, and in a few months transformed them into a brilliant world class ensemble. Despite daunting circumstances, they worked hard to hone their craft after the troops were transported to the island of Lemnos in March of 1921 and freed in Bulgaria later that year. They attracted influential supporters who, cognizant of their precarious hand to mouth existence, exerted strenuous efforts to help them undertake a professional career.2 It began with a groundbreaking concert at Vienna's Hofburg Palace on July 4, 1923. Still dressed in their shabby military attire, they sang so expressively and with such superb technique that the huge audience, which had attended mainly out of curiosity, was ecstatic.3 They became internationally famous overnight, were booked for tours immediately, and would enthrall millions of people in the non-Soviet world for nearly sixty years (Figure 1). [End Page 517] Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. The choir in Bregenz, Austria, December 1923. Serge Jaroff, who was of very short stature, is sitting in the middle of the front row.4 As founding members occasionally left the choir, Jaroff was able to replace them with outstanding professionals from the Russian émigré community. Basile Bolotine was one of them (Figure 2). He joined the choir in 1930, and was already the featured falsetto soloist in their 1930 recording of Aliabiev's "The Nightingale."6 He would go on to play a vital role in their stellar career, last singing with them around 1970. Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 2. Bolotine in his Cossack uniform, 1930s.5 There is very little information about Bolotine's life. He was born in Kiev, Ukraine on January 1, 1895.7 He, too, had fought on the losing side of the Russian Civil War and escaped from Russia in 1919.8 His recorded legacy attests that he was a highly trained singer, but no information has come to light about his musical background except that he was a tenor soloist in another Cossack choir before joining Jaroff's ensemble.9 He married a woman named Ksenia in Yugoslavia in 1921, and their son, Vladimir, was born in 1922. Any exile who had opposed the Bolsheviks was cruelly deprived of Russian citizenship in 1922. Thus, Jaroff's choristers, although based in Berlin for years, were stateless. Providentially, however, their untenable situation would improve dramatically after 1930. In the fall of that year, they began to make annual tours of the United States with phenomenal success (Figure 3). Dismayed by ominous military buildups in Europe, and encouraged by admirers, Jaroff and his singers decided to move their base of operations from Berlin to New York City and seek American...

Circular Economy and Regenerative Sustainability in Emergency Housing: Eco-Efficient Prototype Design for Subaşi Refugee Camp in Turkey

According to the most recent data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, in 2020, 82.4 million people were forcibly displaced. In addition to this situation, in the developed world, building construction consumes 40% of the world’s material resources and primary energy, while the construction industry generates 35% of industrial waste and 40% of total global emissions. Therefore, the objective of the research is to propose an eco-efficient prototype for emergency housing, from the point of view of circular economy and regenerative sustainability, that can respond to situations of natural or humanitarian disasters. To achieve this, it will be necessary to identify the problem that must be answered and develop a theoretical model that will serve as a guide for future interventions of these characteristics. Finally, to verify the applicability of the developed protocol, a field work is executed in an unorganized settlement, Subaşi camp, located in Turkey. This research presents a novel prototype that could be used as an alternative to current emergency housing, not only responding adequately to the minimum standards of habitability, but also doing so in an eco-efficient, environmentally correct way and promoting the Sustainable Development Goals and circular economy established in the 2030 Agenda.

Psychometric Properties of the Syrian Arabic Version of the Impact of Event Scale–Revised in the Context of the Syrian Refugee Crisis

The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) is a widely used self-report questionnaire used to assess symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although the IES-R has been translated and validated in multiple languages, no previous version has employed the Arabic dialect commonly spoken in Syria. The present work aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a Syrian Arabic version of the IES-R. Syrian citizens (N = 288) living in refugee camps in Turkey were administered the Syrian Arabic IES-R as part of a humanitarian aid project focused on providing psychological assistance. The data were analyzed with respect to 10 previously published factor solutions. We found that the best-fitting model was a four-factor structure that included factors involving Avoidance-Numbing, Intrusion, Hyperarousal, and Sleep Disturbance. The model showed strong measurement invariance between male and female subsamples, allowing for meaningful comparisons of the factor means. Overall, the present findings support the validity of a new version of the IES-R, which can be used by both researchers and clinicians responding to the urgent need for psychological care for Syrian refugees fleeing war-related violence.

“Democracy and National Unity Day” in Turkey: the invention of a new national holiday

AbstractOn the night of July 15, 2016, the Republic of Turkey experienced yet another military coup attempt. However, this attempt failed, mainly due to civilian protest and casualties. Their sacrifice, according to the Turkish state, led to the creation of a new national celebration in Turkey, the “Democracy and National Unity Day.” Following the growing interest of historians in the field of national celebrations, this paper examines the creation of this holiday. It argues that the AKP government used this new holiday to shape the Turkish collective national memory and to introduce a national celebration that does not revolve around the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who symbolizes the secular camp in Turkey, but rather around the Justice and Development Party government and its more traditional and religious ideology, in the guise of celebrating Turkish democracy.

Title: Report on a survey of mobility disability among Syrian refugees living in Turkey

More than 5.6 million people have fled Syria since the start of the Civil War in 2011, seeking refuge in countries such as Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey. Turkey has approximately one percent of the world population but hosts nearly 15 percent of the global refugee population. The country currently has 3.6 million Syrian refugees, the largest number of registered foreigners under temporary protection. In this paper, we report on the findings of VQF-25 Questionnaire, Mobility and Life-space Questionnaire that was distributed in 2020 to Syrian refugees living under temporary protection in refugee camps in Turkey. To date, there is very limited, if any, research specifically on mobility disability among Syrian Refugees in Turkey. The results show that far fewer women than men completed the questionnaires. 68% of respondents have a mobility score of between 6 and 58%.

Refugee Children’s Resilience: A Qualitative Social Ecological Study of Life in a Camp

Abstract A social ecological theory of resilience shows that the process of resilience not only depends on an individual child’s personal traits but also on the capacity of the child’s environment to provide the resources required for the child to use these traits to achieve psychological and physical wellbeing in contexts of adversity. The aim of this study is to investigate how refugee mothers influence their children’s developmental outcomes despite exposure to the large number of risk factors they experience living in a refugee camp. Ten Syrian mothers of children aged 5–7-years-old participated in both semi-structured interviews and focus groups conducted while they were living in a refugee camp in Turkey. Using an inductive thematic analysis, findings show that participants found unconventional ways to build their children’s social capital, provide an education and maintain culturally grounded values and beliefs when facing with multiple distal and proximal challenges. These findings highlight the importance of understanding resilience as a psychosocial and interactive process occurring at multiple systemic levels (in this case, child, mother, and camp). Improving the functioning of larger systems may be an efficacious way of creating stable and nurturing environments for children to experience greater resilience.

Examining an inclusive social tourism practices in Turkey

ABSTRACT This study and its conceptual framework are motivated by the awareness of the positive impacts of social tourism on social inclusion. The aim of the research is to explore the potential of social tourism for creating an inclusive tourism form through investigating alternative camp in Turkey. The camp was examined as an ethnographic case study with qualitative research methods. Data were gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews and participant observations lasting over a year. In addition, the secondary data were collected in the form of organizational and other types of documents. As a result, the study develops an inclusive social tourism management model that proposes three components: (1) sustainable financial support, (2) a strong volunteer structure, (3) an aspirational goal.

Determinants of the Economic Adaptation of Refugees: The Case of Midyat Camp

Abstract In the context of the bottom-up approach to development and poverty reduction, this is the first study to use the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA), with a slight adjustment, to study the economic adaptation of refugees within camps. The objective of this study was to explore the factors affecting the economic adaptation of refugees in Midyat Refugee Camp in Turkey. The study used a focus group to help design the questionnaire that was subsequently used to collect data from a sample of 393 households in Midyat Camp. The data was used to estimate a Structural Equations Model. The findings indicated that the most important factors in determining refugees' economic adaptation are human capital, social capital and institutions.

Analysis of migration processes in the EU and the theory of multiculturalism: current state and prospects

The article deals with the problem of the migration crisis that has hit the EU. Since 2015, there has been a sharp increase in the number of refugees from the region, to which European countries were not ready. By the end of 2019, Europe has already exhausted its economic capacity to receive and accommodate refugees, but their flow is continuing. Over the last 5 years, more than 4 million refugees from the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia have come to Europe. In 2015, the flow of migrants was over 1.5 million people, in 2016 - 900 000, in 2017 - 650 000, in 2018 - 600 000, in 2019 - almost 550 000.The main causes of large-scale movement of migrants to Europe have been identified. Among them are wars and conflicts that destabilize the situation in their native countries; demographic outbreak in Africa and the Middle East, deteriorating funding for refugee camps in Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan, exacerbation of the 2018-2019 Syrian crisis; the availability of high social guarantees and diaspora relatives in many EU countries.The political, social, cultural consequences of the migration crisis for individual countries and the EU are analyzed. The increasing flow of refugees has exacerbated in European societies the problems of terrorism, the increase in crime rates, the poor cultural compatibility of the local population with refugees, the increased right-wing sentiment and the high social costs of migrant adaptation.The importance of the ideology of multiculturalism for the current migration crisis in the EU is substantiated. The phenomenon of multiculturalism is compared with the phenomena of globalization and shows the impact on the situation in society, which lead to conflict. Multiculturalism has recently been perceived as a means that can mitigate the negative (primarily for traditional cultures, ethnic and religious groups) consequences of globalization, but narrowing the philosophical view of the phenomenon of multiculturalism to the institutional level, modern representatives of the humanities and practices in Europe (political scientists, sociologists, politicians) faced with the fact that the interaction of cultures has not been adequately reflected in theory and held in practice.

Media and immobility: The affective and symbolic immobility of forced migrants

Can we think about the role of media and information and communication technologies in the lives of forced migrants through the lens of immobility? The dominant focus in the communication studies literature is on mobility, movement and connectivity. Migration studies and anthropology however offer productive ways to conceptualize the mobility–immobility spectrum as well as the imaginative dimensions of (im)mobility. Building on two studies that were situated at the temporal and geographical edges of the ‘European refugee crisis’ – a 2015 study in a Syrian refugee camp in Turkey and a 2017–2018 study with Syrian, Afghan and Iraqi refugees in Belgium – this article develops a conceptual framework of media and immobility in the context of forced migration. It coins the pair concepts affective immobility and symbolic immobility to highlight and understand practices of disengagement with media and information and communication technologies, agentic disconnectivity and feelings of symbolic fixedness.

Effect of Syrian refugees on housing rents in the southeast of Turkey

Syrians fleeing from the civil war in their county to Turkey have started to live mostly in the southern provinces which are close to the border such as Gaziantep, Kilis, Mardin, Şanlıurfa, Adana, Osmaniye, Hatay and Mersin. This situation has both caused an excessive increase in the housing rents in these provinces and made it difficult to find a house for rent. In this study, the effects of Syrian refugees living outside the sheltering camps in Turkey and settling in city centres close to the border on the price increase in the rent in the region were examined. For this purpose, the number of annual housing sales, rental prices, rental increase rates and Turkish Statistical Institute data like consumer price index and the number of Syrian refugees living outside the sheltering camps between 2008 and 2018 were compared. A significant relationship was found between the rental increase rates in the region and the number of Syrian refugees.

Incidence and Prevention of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Global Mass Gathering Events.

IntroductionMass gathering events involve close contact among large numbers of people in a specific location at the same time, an environment conducive to transmission of respiratory tract illnesses including invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). This report describes IMD incidence at mass gatherings over the past 10 years and discusses strategies to prevent IMD at such events.MethodsA PubMed search was conducted in December 2018 using a search string intended to identify articles describing IMD at mass gatherings, including religious pilgrimages, sports events, jamborees, and refugee camps. The search was limited to articles in English published from 2008 to 2018. Articles were included if they described IMD incidence at a mass gathering event.ResultsA total of 127 articles were retrieved, of which 7 reported on IMD incidence at mass gatherings in the past 10 years. Specifically, in Saudi Arabia between 2002 and 2011, IMD occurred in 16 Hajj pilgrims and 1 Umrah pilgrim; serotypes involved were not reported. At a youth sports festival in Spain in 2008, 1 case of serogroup B IMD was reported among 1500 attendees. At the 2015 World Scout Jamboree in Japan, an outbreak of serogroup W IMD was identified in five scouts and one parent. At a refugee camp in Turkey, one case of serogroup B IMD was reported in a Syrian girl; four cases of serogroup X IMD occurred in an Italian refugee camp among refugees from Africa and Bangladesh. In 2017, a funeral in Liberia resulted in 13 identified cases of serogroup C IMD. Requiring meningococcal vaccination for mass gathering attendees and vaccinating refugees might have prevented these IMD cases.ConclusionsMass gathering events increase IMD risk among attendees and their close contacts. Vaccines preventing IMD caused by serogroups ACWY and B are available and should be recommended for mass gathering attendees.FundingPfizer.

Traumatic Life Events and Severity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Syrian Refugees Residing in a Camp in Turkey

The aim of this study was to identify types and number of traumatic experiences and to determine the predictors of severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Syrian refugees who were residing in a camp in Turkey. Face-to-face psychiatric interviews were carried out with 342 participants to make a diagnosis of PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnostic criteria. A traumatic events list was administered to screen Criterion A traumatic experiences, and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) was administered to assess the severity of PTSD. The prevalence of PTSD was 31.0% (n = 106). Among 86.8% of the refugees with PTSD, the CAPS score was at the level of severe and above. Female gender, total number of traumatic events, and age predicted the PTSD symptom severity. Married young women were the most affected group and violent loss of family members was the most frequent type of trauma among them. Given that the vast majority of Syrian refugees have already settled down in various towns of the country, those who were residing in camps possibly constituted an especially fragile subgroup. The participants represented a group with an extreme level of mass traumatization. Both future research and psychosocial services should address those with broken families as a potentially fragile subgroup among refugees.

NGOS AND THE EU REGARDING THE MANAGEMENT OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IN TURKEY

Based on the assumption that there are different approaches to the activities of non-governmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) implementing migrant and refugee policies, the author attempts to answer the following questions: - What impact can NGOs have on EU Member States and on migrants and refugees ? - Can long-term and sustained experience in emergencies have such an impact? - Does the work of the NGO within the Fund, along with international agencies and the Red Cross, affect EU policy and relations withTurkeyin this policy area? The article is divided into three parts. In the first, non-state actors (NGOs) are analyzed within the framework of theoretical studies on migration and humanitarian strategy. The second one deals with the EU's relations withTurkeythrough the aforementioned lenses. Third, empirical funding data provided by ECHO to non-governmental organizations is used to evaluate arrangements and developments. The data is used to evaluate future prospects. The article notes that the events of the last decade have called into question the values and practices of the EU. It is shown that European NGOs seek to play an executive role in the implementation of EU humanitarian projects for Syrian refugee camps inTurkey. The author concludes that non-state actors remain important but controversial actors in the implementation of EU policy. NGOs have different approaches and their ideological and political differences are reflected in their relationship with political power. The author emphasizes the increasing critical attitude towards the lack of EU solidarity, especially in matters of emergency management interventions carried out by non-state SAR operations. Thirdly, the author points out that, in parallel with practices that typically replace states and the EU, NGOs support a consolidated partnership with ECHO. The growing role of non-state actors in managing sensitive global crises such as migration and refugees has been demonstrated. The risk for the EU is the loss of the chance to manage the crisis as a laboratory and a model of functional coordination that can be implemented and secured in the rest of the world system.

Female Refugees in Rural Germany: A Local Aid Agency's Efforts to Build on Women's Experiences and Needs

Female Refugees in Rural GermanyA Local Aid Agency's Efforts to Build on Women's Experiences and Needs Ina C. Seethaler (bio) On a rainy December morning in 2015, I walked across a parking lot in Wertheim, a small rural town in southwest Germany. Stuffed animals and children's books in hand, I was about to meet Walter Hörnig, one of the chairpersons of a local refugee aid agency that I had contacted while visiting family during my winter break. Like many other Germans, I wanted to do more than donate money and, in addition, offer hands-on-help welcoming refugees in my native community. I expected to be asked to sort through donated clothes. Instead, I received the opportunity to meet refugee families, to challenge public assumptions about refugees, and to reflect on displacement from a feminist perspective. The idea behind Walter's and my house visits that morning was for me to introduce myself to refugee families so that, over the next weeks, I could offer to return to the apartments into which they had moved as part of a re-settlement program to take kids on excursions or help with everyday tasks that demanded the assistance of a fluent German speaker. We visited three families that day. Rarely have I been welcomed into a home this warmly. Everywhere we went, we were offered tea and snacks and people insisted that we stay for lunch. Already on that first day, many refugees generously shared some of their experiences with me in a mix of English and rudimentary German. What touched me especially were the women's stories—mostly ignored by mass media busy worrying about Muslim men changing German "culture." One account stood out due to its seeming impossibility: Maya was five months pregnant when she walked across Hungary in winter with her husband and toddler.1 She was determined to do everything to keep her children safe. Zainah was "luckier"; she, her husband, and their two small children made it to a reception camp in Turkey, where her husband left them to continue the dangerous journey on his own. He was successful and able to fly Zainah and the children to Germany after one year. [End Page 167] On later trips to Germany I visited with more families and attended conversation sessions over coffee, community summer festivals, and other events. I would hear many more of these kinds of experiences that speak to refugee women's willpower. Too often, humanitarian organizations still perceive refugees as passive recipients of their aid. In fact, as Jane Freedman elaborates, problems in trying to "help" refugee women and asylum seekers often arise from representations of them as without agency. Due to such misperceptions, some aid organizations will not ask refugee women for their input and fail to appreciate their power.2 Yet in my conversations with refugee women, it became clear that they do not see themselves merely as victims but also as resources and change-makers, which makes it essential to include their input and voices in the design and assessment of relief programs for displaced people. Their stories defy gender norms regarding agency, family protection, and political activism; their experiences challenge our understandings of war and are hard to deal with on an emotional level; they demand accountability on the part of politicians, the media, and non-government organizations. And yet they often remain invisible due to their gender, economic status, citizenship status, and religious background. Because of their identities, refugee women in Germany live with varying and interrelated patterns and configurations of oppression. As their experiences are shaped by sexism, imperialism, racism, xenophobia, and Islamophobia, an intersectional look at how they deal with displacement outside of refugee camps is indispensable. The social construction of gender causes differently gendered groups to experience displacement in diverse ways. Yet only in the past two decades has gender finally become a stronger focus in efforts to analyze forced migration and support those affected by it. But as Jane Freedman, Zeynep Kivilcim, and Nurcan Özgür Baklacioğlu elaborate, "while the UNHCR and other international organizations and NGOs have adopted gender mainstreaming as a policy commitment, in practice gender issues are...

Refugee Entrepreneurship: Empirical Quantitative Evidence on Microenterprises in Refugee Camps in Turkey

This article examines the current situations of refugee microenterprises in selected refugee camps in Turkey. A quantitative method is employed. Findings show that approximately 25% of respondents have managed to start their businesses in refugee camps. Respondents indicate that funding sources are mostly from savings or sponsorship from relatives. More than half of the respondents had entrepreneurship experience. Over 80% of respondents showed a willingness to participate in microentrepreneurship. Findings on challenges conform to the traditional problems of starting a microenterprise for refugees. The results of this study indicate the enormous potential of refugees and their willingness to engage in entrepreneurship activities.

Trauma and resilient functioning among Syrian refugee children.

Following the civil war in Syria, there has been a growing interest in the impact of war, violent conflict, and refuge on the development and mental health of refugee children in general and Syrian refugee children in particular. The objective of this paper is threefold: (a) to critically review the existing literature on the psychological functioning of Syrian refugee children, with a particular focus on those residing in the urban areas or camps in Turkey; (b) to identify the main theoretical and methodological problems of this emerging literature; and (c) to suggest guidelines for how to improve research and practice in this field. The reviewed literature predominantly focuses on psychological trauma, trauma-related symptomatology or other maladaptive functioning in children, and psychosocial interventions conducted toward alleviating these issues. This paper will summarize the research findings in the above-mentioned topics to discern what can be known from the existing literature on Syrian refugee children.