Camel Thorn Research Articles

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FLAVONOIDS IN EXTRACT FROM PLANT RAW MATERIALS OF CAMEL TONE (ALHAGE PSEUDALHAGI)

This review analyzes the qualitative and quantitative content of biologically active substances in the raw material of camel thorn (Alhage pseudalhagi). During the study, the extract from the plant material Alhage pseudalhagi was obtained with the help of ultrasound. The method of determining the amount of flavonoids, antioxidants and other important biologically active compounds in plant raw materials with biological properties is considered. It has been established that the ultrasonic extraction method allows obtaining a large amount of flavonoids and extractive substances. The technology of ultrasonic extraction is developed and the obtained extract is identified by the method of high performance liquid chromatography. The obtained results give information about the high possibilities of ultrasonic processing to increase the output of biologically active compounds from raw materials.

Effect of Addition Aqueous Extract of Camel Thorn (Alhagi maurorum) Plant Roots and Some of Immune Enhancers with Drinking Water on some Hematological, Biochemical and Immunological Characteristics of Broilers

Effect of Addition Aqueous Extract of Camel Thorn (Alhagi maurorum) Plant Roots and Some of Immune Enhancers with Drinking Water on some Hematological, Biochemical and Immunological Characteristics of Broilers

Effect of Addition Aqueous Extract of Camel Thorn (Alhagi maurorum) Plant Roots and Some of Immune Enhancers with Drinking Water on Productive Performance of Broilers

Abstract The present study was carried out in a chicken farm owned by the Animal Production Department of the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Kufa. Utilizing a cohort of 300 broiler chicks (Ross 308) at the age of one day. The chicks were of undetermined sex and had an average starting weight of 37 grams. They were raised in a semi-enclosed home divided into pens of 3 square meters each. The chicks were randomly allocated to five treatments, with three replicates each treatment. Each treatment consisted of 60 chicks, with 20 chicks per replication, for a period of 35 days. The therapies were categorized as follows: Treatment 1 (T1) refers to the control group where no additional substances are added. Treatment 2 (T2) involves adding Immuno-Care to the drinking water at a concentration of 0.4 ml per litre. Treatment 3 (T3) involves adding Immunity-Stim to the drinking water at a concentration of 1 ml per litre. T4: Incorporate a 5 ml/1 litre solution of the aqueous extract derived from the roots of the camel thorn plant into the drinking water. T5: Introduce a 10 ml/1 litre solution of the aqueous extract obtained from the roots of the camel thorn plant into the water. The young birds were provided with a beginning diet from 1 to 10 days old, a grower diet from 11 to 24 days old, and a finisher diet from 25 to 35 days old. The data pertaining to the examined features were evaluated utilizing a totally randomized design. The significance of the disparities between the treatments was assessed by doing the Duncan test at a probability threshold of 0.05. The SAS statistical program was employed for the purpose of conducting the statistical analysis. The key findings were as follows: There were no notable disparities seen in the ultimate live body weight, cumulative weight growth, dressing %, or economic figure. The final feed conversion ratio showed substantial improvement when the aqueous extract of camel thorn plant roots was added at a concentration of 10 ml per liter of drinking water.

Dinner under the camel thorn trees: The safari tourist’s travel back in time

Safari holidays are now a major part of the African tourist industry and food has become an essential aspect of the adventure. In the late nineteenth century, rugged imperialist explorers shot and consumed many of the large African animals, while after the First World War, luxury safaris for the rich became the norm. First as gentlemen explorers, and then as guides on hunting safaris, ‘Great White Hunters’ and their pervasive ideology of muscular Christianity prevailed. The period from the late nineteenth through the first part of the twentieth century is looked back upon as the golden age of the safari. Today, many safari tourists are provided with ‘fine cuisine’, but with accompanying ‘nods’ to the food of this golden age. At the same time, some safari guides provide reenactments of cooking on an open fire in the bush. Safari lodges and camps have had to cater to an increasing diversity of tourists and to manage the disruption caused by the Covid pandemic. Online advertisements for Safari companies depict carefully organized meals with views across the African savannah where dangerous encounters with wild animals may be envisaged. The companies often promote subtle and nostalgic invocations of the past providing the tourists with a ‘back in time tourism’. In preparing this article, books on safari cuisine, accounts by safari guides and some individual tourists, and many safari company online websites were studied.

Expulsion Methylene Blue MB Dye from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Camel Thorn

Expulsion Methylene Blue MB Dye from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Camel Thorn

Research of biotechnological, physical and mechanical properties and fractional composition of pressed feed bales

To develop and optimize the parameters of a compressed feed chopper device, a comprehensive understanding of the biotechnological, physical, and mechanical properties of the processed compressed feed is essential. An experiment was conducted to analyze the fractional composition of compressed straw, alfalfa, and camel thorn. The compressed feed was divided into fractions based on length categories: up to 30 mm, 30-50 mm, and 50 mm. The fractional composition was determined relative to the total mass, and size-mass indicators were analyzed. Results indicated that fractions longer than 50 mm constituted 10.42 kg or 78.2% of the straw bale, with an average mass of 13.3 kg. Fractions in the 30-50 mm range accounted for 2.34 kg or 17.6%, while fractions shorter than 30 mm made up 0.56 kg or 4.2% of the total mass. The average density of the straw bale was calculated to be 83.1 kg/m3. Subsequent experiments revealed the diameter range of stalks for straw (1.5-5.5 mm), alfalfa hay (1.5-4.0 mm), and camel thorn (2-10 mm). Samples of each feed type, ranging from 50 mm to 100 mm in length, were selected for bending and breaking experiments.

Unraveling the defensive strategies of camel thorn Alhagi maurorum medik. For thriving in arid and semi-arid environments

The study aimed to evaluate the role of morpho-physiological and anatomical attributes of Alhagi maurorum Medik. Populations from five water deficit regions in Punjab province, Pakistan, namely, Cholistan desert (KHP), Rajanpur (DGK), Thal (LYH), Patisar Lake (LAS), and Salt Range (WSM), in their adaptability to arid and semi-arid regions. The study sheds light on the adaptive components of various plant populations to cope with increasing dryness ratio. Arid populations [Khanpur-KHP (D = 44.91, P = 97.1 mm), Dera Ghazi Khan-DGK (D = 41.41, P = 105.3 mm), Layyah-LYH (D = 37.11, P = 117.5 mm) and Ladamsar-LAS (D = 34.83, P = 125.2 mm)] relied on larger roots and leaves, enhanced biomass production, ion accumulation, and photosynthetic pigments. It also encompassing larger root and stem cellular area, cortex and vascular region, thicker leaves, and numerous large stomata. Semi-arid populations display distinctive changes, such as longer shoots, higher root and shoot Na+ levels, organic osmolytes, thicker epidermis, and enlarged pith region in stems [Warcha Salt Mine-WSM (D = 8.70, P = 501 mm)]. These modifications at both structural and functional levels guarantee the survival and success of this species in challenging environmental conditionswhich will have implications for sustainable agriculture, ecosystem restoration, and adaptation to climate change adaptation in arid and semi-arid regions.

STUDY OF FLAVONOIDS IN CAMEL THORN AND THEIR ACTIVITY IN ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME REDUCTION

The article is dedicated to the study of polyphenolic compounds in extracts of camel thorn (Alhagi pseudoalhagi). Using UV spectroscopy and HPLC-MS/MS, the composition and content of flavonoids in camel thorn extracts were determined. Characteristic absorption bands for flavonoids were identified through optical spectroscopy. Data on the substance composition in the extract were obtained using the HPLC-MS/MS method. Semi-quantitative analysis of flavonoids was performed using the internal standard addition method with rutin. More than twenty flavonoids were detected in the 70% ethanolic extract. Rhamnetin 3-neohesperidoside and Isorhamnetin 3-neohesperidoside were the major components. The results could be applied in the production of antioxidant pharmaceuticals in the pharmaceutical industry. Comparison of the effects of camel thorn extract with the flavonoid taxifolin showed that the extract is equally effective in preventing early stages of atherosclerosis in the aorta caused by increased angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. At an extract concentration of 0.2%, the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme in elderly rats and an imals treated with a NO-synthase inhibitor decreases to the values of young control rats.

A human study on the effect of Alhagi Maurorum (camel thorn) on patients suffering from hepatitis B virus

A human study on the effect of Alhagi Maurorum (camel thorn) on patients suffering from hepatitis B virus

What is in a name? Scientific name changes of potentially poisonous plants and fungi in South Africa

Changes over the past five decades in the scientific names of some potentially poisonous plants and toxigenic fungi in South Africa are briefly reviewed. Some of the reasons why taxonomists change names are highlighted. In recent years, DNA sequencing data have contributed considerably towards establishing phylogenetic relationships among plants, often resulting in changes in generic circumscription and, consequently, the names of species. Philosophical differences between the phylogenetic and the evolutionary schools of plant classification are briefly explained as these may manifest as different classifications for the same group of plants. Although choice of classification remains the prerogative of the end-user of plant names, in this review, the classifications for plants currently adopted by the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) in its online database, Plants of Southern Africa (POSA), were followed. Noteworthy generic changes include Pachystigma to Vangueria, Homeria to Moraea, and Urginia to Drimia. Following much controversy, the species native to southern Africa that were formerly treated as Acacia are now classified in either Vachellia or Senegalia, with the genus name Acacia being retained for the mainly Australian members of the group, the latter commonly known as wattles. Former southern African members of Acacia implicated in poisoning include Vachellia erioloba(camel thorn), Vachellia sieberiana var. woodii (paperbark thorn), and Senegalia caffra (common hook thorn).

Gastroprotective effect of Alhagi maurorum (camel thorn) in ethanol-induced gastric damage in mice

Background: Alhagi maurorum is a medicinal plant found in different regions of the world including the eastern part of Libya.
 Aim: It is widely used in liver diseases with its hepatoprotective activity but its effect as an anti-ulcerogenic is not known locally. This study was undertaken to investigate the anti-ulcer effect the Alhagi maurorum has.
 Methods: A camel thorn extract (CTE) was prepared and administered to a group of mice for five days before they received ethanol to induce gastric ulcers. Comparable groups were a negative control group of mice that received normal saline and a positive control group of mice that received ethanol. The histopathological study of all stomachs was performed and graded according to the lesion scoring system.
 Result: Statistically, the mice that received CTE showed a significant improvement in the lesion score as compared to the animals that received ethanol.
 Conclusion: We conclude the Alhagi maurorum has gastroprotective activity against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers.

STUDY THE ANTIFIBROUS EFFICACY OF PLANT PROANTHOCYANIDIN IN RATS WITH CHRONIC HELIOTRINE LIVER DAMAGE

Under experimental conditions, the effect of plant proanthocyanidin – yantacin isolated from a camel thorn plant (Alhagi pseudalhagi) – Yantacin, when administered orally at a dose of 100 mg / kg, on possible changes in the early stages of liver fibrosis that occurred against the background of chronic heliotrine hepatitis was studied. The studies were conducted on male rats with a body weight of 100 ±10 g. The effect of yantacin on the general and biochemical parameters of the blood, as well as the amount of NO – nitrates (in connection with lipoproteins), proteins in the blood against the background of heliotrine liver damage was studied. At the same time, yantacin demonstrated a significant protective effect compared to the control group on the detected fibrosis, according to which certain indicators, against the background of chronic toxic liver damage. In this regard, a more extensive in-depth study of the effect of the studied substance plant proanthocyanidin on normal and impaired liver activity is carried out.

STUDY THE EFFECT OF YANTACIN ON SOME INDICATORS OF CELLULAR RENEWAL AND ON THE LEVEL OF PROTEIN EXPRESSION ON RAT HEPATOCYTES IN CHRONIC HELIOTRINE LIVER DAMAGE

The effect of plant proanthocyanidin – yantacin isolated from the camel thorn plant (Alhagi pseudalhagi) – Yantacin, when administered orally at a dose of 100 mg / kg, on possible changes in the early stages of liver fibrosis that occurred against the background of chronic heliotrine hepatitis in experimental conditions was studied. The studies were conducted on male rats with a body weight of 100 ±10 g. The effect of yantacin on the general and biochemical parameters of blood, as well as on p53, PCNA of liver tissue, mitotic and apoptotic index against the background of heliotrine liver damage was studied. As a result of the conducted studies, yantacin demonstrated a significant protective effect compared with the control group on the detected fibrosis, according to which certain indicators, against the background of chronic toxic liver damage. In this regard, a more extensive in-depth study of the protective and restorative effects of the studied plant proanthosianide substance on chronic changes in the liver, serious structural and functional disorders is being carried out.

Biomeliorant for the restoration of saline and degraded soils in the arid zone

The methods of gypsum application in degraded soils to increase and restore saline and degraded soils, to grow vegetables and fruits in the arid zone are considered in the paper. The issues of soil alkalinity reduction to increase soil fertility with the use of a new biomeliorant at standard of ST RK 2208-2012 containing phosphogypsum, calcium, sulfur and cattle manure with the addition of crushed camel thorn were studied. According to calculations this meliorant application reduces the loss of nitrogen and organic matter by 40%,, which being a highly effective fertilizer that improves the physico-chemical and biological properties of the soil, which contributes to an increase in crop yields. Field studies have shown that the joint anaerobic fermentation of phosphogypsum and manure, camel thorn led to intensive aggregation and the creation of favorable conditions of the soil structure for the crops. The results showed that the biomeliorant application into the soil led to a noticeable improvement in its structure, increases alkalinity, soils become more fertile and crop yields increase.

Effect of Alhagi Maurorum Powder (Camel Thorn) on Some Chemical and Sensory Properties of Toast Bread

Effect of Alhagi Maurorum Powder (Camel Thorn) on Some Chemical and Sensory Properties of Toast Bread

FEATURES OF THE ORGANOMINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE CENOPOPULATIONS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE CASPIAN LOWLAND

Abstract: The plants growing on the Caspian lowland contain all groups of the studied substances: sugars, tannins and extractives, vitamin C. The conducted studies indicate the prospects of using the studied species as medicinal plant raw materials. It was found that the largest number of low molecular weight BAS contain representatives of the sem. Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, etc. The features of the accumulation of macronutrients in medicinal plants have been established. The study showed that the mass concentrations of chemical compounds have a strong variation in indicators and depend on the type of selected plants and the properties of the functional zone of growth. According to the absolute content of reducing sugars, cumin, thyme, tansy and chamomile were in the first place: 2.09, 1.98 and 1.95%, although the relative amount of reducing sugars in these species is not very large: 24.4, 30.7 and 33.9%, respectively, of the total amount of sugars. Thus, we can note a general trend for the medicinal plants studied by us: an increase in the proportion of reducing sugars relative to the total amount of sugars with a decrease in the absolute content of the sum of sugars in plants. The following plant species turned out to be the richest in ascorbic acid: sandy cumin, esparcet astragalus, camel thorn, naked licorice and Marshall's thyme (19.80 mg%), pharmacy chamomile, cardaria krupkovidnaya, chicory, yarrow (18.20) and sandy immortelle (17.00). It should be noted that this. Aster contains two species rich in tannins: common tansy and sandy immortelle (3.60 and 5.40%), the remaining species have an average content of 1.80%. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the accumulation of mineral components in the studied medicinal plants is distributed as follows: N(NO3)>K2O>P2O5 and have high levels of variation, this may depend on the species specificity of plants.

Determination of Active Phytochemical Compounds of Alhagi Maurorum using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS)

Alhagi maurorum (camel thorn) is a grayish, evergreen, deeply rooting plant that has spiny needle -like branches. In our study, the phytochemical contents of the root ethanoloic extract of A. maurorum were determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Thirty two chemical constituents were identified. We revealed the existence of oxalic acid, anti-2 acetoxyacetaldoxime, sulfone, butyl isopropyl, 2,3-pentanedione, 2-butanone, n,n,o triacetylhydroxylamine. di(1,2,5-oxadiazole)[3,4-b;3,4-e]pyrazine, isobutane,3,4-hexanedione,3-hexanone, pentane, 3-pentanone, 3-butene, 2-thiopheneacetic acid, 2-pyrazoline, 4-hepten-3-onemethylphosphonic acid, butane, propanoic acid, methane, azetidine, heptane, butanoic acid, 4-heptanone, 3,5-dimethyl-4-octane, 3-methoxy-1-pentene, oxirane, 2-undecen-4-ol, 1-heptane, 3- methoxy, acrolein, dimethylacetal, hydrogen azide, ethylenimine, acetic acid, and decane. The results showed that the roots of A. marrourum have active compounds that are known to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-fungal, anticancer, and anti-malarial activities.

Оценка состояния водоохранных зон р. Волги в районе п. Ильинка (Астраханская область)

Anthropogenic pollution of water basins may become a serious threat for ecosystems and human health. Pollutants are transferred through food chains or directly when untreated water is used, released to soil through subsoil waters or during floods. The increased anthropogenic load on rivers’ hydrosystems, especially in their del-tas, is becoming rampant these days. The goal of the research is to study the coastal areas and to assess the state of vegetation. To achieve this goal, standard methods of biotesting and bioindication were applied in the territories of two water-protection zones – those of the Volga River and the Nozhovskiy erik (shallow channel in the Volga delta – translator’s note) near the Ilyinka village. The water quality in the Volga River, within the examined range, is stably characterized as “dirty” (4th class). The exceeded level of maximum permissible concentrations for petroleum products, heavy metals (mercury, zinc, molybdenum), sulfides and phenols is observed. The research has not revealed the impact of the quality of water on phytotoxicity of the soil and indices of abundance of the vegetation that grows in this territory. Toxicity of soils is weak in the area of the Nozhovskiy erik, it is very weak in the area of the Volga River: the germination capacity of the test object (watercress) ranges between 67 and 88%, morpho-metric indices of plants do not differ much from those in control groups. Within the summer period the monitoring sites were characterized by the maximum frequency-abundance indices of typical representatives of the local flora, which are camel thorn (Alhagi pseudalhagi) and greater burdock (Arctium lappa). Vegetation in these areas is abundant, its state is assessed as satisfactory.

Usability Evaluation of Camel Thorn (Alhagi maurorum) in Broiler Diet and Its Effects on Lipid and Protein Oxidation of Broiler Breast Fillets During Frozen Storage

BACKGROUND: The decline in poultry meat quality can occur due to the oxidation of lipids and proteins during the storage period. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of using Alhagi maurorumin a broiler diet on the oxidation of the lipids and proteins of broiler breast fillets during frozen storage. METHODS: A total of 54 male 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into three groups of basal diet as the control group and basal diet supplemented with 10 and 20 g/kg of A. maurorum fed for 42 days. After slaugh-ter, breast fillets were kept at -18℃ for 9 months and peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl content, and organoleptic assays were performed on samples every 3 months. RESULTS: The PV, TBARS, and carbonyl content of both treatment groups at all time points of frozen storage were significantly lower than that of the control group. Statistically, no difference was found between the samples of the two supplemented groups. Moreover, the sensory evaluation revealed no significant difference between the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the present study, the incorporation of A. maurorum in broiler diets delayed lipid and protein oxidation in the breast meat.

Extraction methods of Alhagi Maurorum (camel thorn) and its therapeutic applications

Alhagi maurorum (A. maurorum) is one of the medicinally important plants that belongs leguminasae family, commonly known as Camel thorn. This article we will present the methods of Alhagi maurorum plant extraction, the compounds of the extract and the compounds in the plant extract and its various therapeutic applications in the medical field and highlight the importance of plant extracts as alternatives to manufactured medicines with multiple side effects, the plant extracts has many compounds the most important is flavonoid and phenolic because of their therapeutic properties such as anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory.