Calorimetry In High Energy Physics Research Articles

The CMS High Granularity Calorimeter for HL-LHC

Calorimetry in high-energy physics is rapidly evolving, with new challenges and a wide variety of technologies being employed, both for signal creation and detection. Advances in large-area highly-segmented detectors are providing possibilities for high-granularity calorimetry. The CMS HGCAL, being designed to replace the existing CMS endcap calorimeters for the HL-LHC era, is one example. It is a sampling calorimeter, featuring unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout segmentation for both electromagnetic (CE-E) and hadronic (CE-H) compartments. This will facilitate particle-flow calorimetry, where the fine structure of showers can be measured and used to enhance pileup rejection and particle identification, whilst still achieving good energy resolution. The CE-E and a large fraction of CE-H will use hexagonal silicon sensors as active detector material. The lower-radiation environment will be instrumented with scintillator tiles with on-tile SiPM readout. An overview of the HGCAL project will be presented, covering motivation, engineering design, readout and trigger concepts, and performance in simulation.

Dual Cherenkov and Scintillation Response to High-Energy Electrons of Rare-Earth-Doped Silica Fibers

The simultaneous readout of photons emitted due to Cherenkov and scintillation processes is a promising feature of SiO${}_{2}$:Ce optical fibers, suggesting applications in innovative radiation sensors for calorimetry in high-energy physics, as well as radiation monitoring in medicine, security, and industrial controls. This study presents a detailed characterization of the scintillation properties of doped silica fibers exposed to high-energy electrons, and demonstrates the feasibility of a simultaneous dual-readout approach.

18th International Conference on Calorimetry in Particle Physics (CALOR2018)

18th International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics (CALOR 2018)James E. BrauUniversity of Oregonjimbrau@uoregon.edu1. PrefaceThe 18th International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics - CALOR 2018 - was held in Eugene, Oregon, USA from 21-25 May, 2018, on the campus of the University of Oregon. It was hosted by the University of Oregon Center for High Energy Physics.The CALOR series of conferences was first held at Fermilab in 1990. Major focuses include operating calorimeter systems and development of future calorimeters within the High Energy Physics community. In addition, related calorimetric applications in other fields, such as Astrophysics and Medical Imaging, have been included. This year the conference attracted fifty-nine oral presentations and two posters, and was attended by eighty registrants. This volume contains the written contributions of forty-four of the contributions.The conference opened with welcome remarks by Oregon’s Vice President for Research and Innovation, Professor David Conover, and the Divisional Dean for Natural Sciences, Professor Hal Sadofsky. After these brief remarks, the program began and continued for five days of high-quality presentations on a range of topics of scientific interest.List of International Advisory Committee, Local Organizing Committee, Session Chairs and List of Participants are available in this pdf.

The Exploration of Rare Earths Based Luminescence for Detection and Sensing in Radiation Security and Enhanced Oil Recovery

Dirty bomb or radiation attack is a big threat to the world and the developing of high sensitive technologies for radiation detection is an emerging need. Also, the development of high-performance scintillating materials is essential for precision calorimetry in high energy physics, medical imaging and industries. The most frequently considered characteristics of scintillators are efficiency of energy conversion, stopping power, luminescence decay time, spatial resolution, and physical and chemical stability. Currently applied inorganic crystalline scintillators are not only limited by their high cost and scalability issues, but also limited by other intrinsic drawbacks. For example, high purity germanium must be operated at liquid nitrogen temperature, while sodium iodide crystal is highly hygroscopic. On the other hand, plastic scintillators based on polymeric materials are cheap and easy to manufacture, but have low light yield and low density. In this talk, I will present the strategy for how to design luminescence nanomaterials based on energy transfer for radiation detection. Oil exploration and production are always the hot area as natural oil is still the major energy for our society. Luminescence materials may play an important role in oil exploration and extraction either as water tracers or as new materials for wettability enhancement. In addition, food quality and safety are related to our daily life. In this talk, I also present some new ideas and methods for the potential applications of luminescence materials for oil recovery and food safety.

Concluding Remarks

The International Conferences on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics, or the CALOR series, have always been where the calorimeter experts come together to review the state of calorimetry and bring forth new ideas every two years. The fifteenth conference, CALOR2012, in Santa Fe was no exception. Although they were built roughly a decade ago, we are now witnessing the exceptional power of the LHC calorimeters and the crucial role they have been playing in the discovery of the 125 GeV Higgs-like boson. As we ruminate on the coming generation of experiments at the next (linear) collider and on the upgrades at the LHC, we are heartened by the substantial advances we made in calorimetry in the last decade. These advances will certainly help uncover new physics in the years to come, not only at colliders but also in astroparticle experiments that take advantage of natural elements such as air, water, and ice.

Development of CeF 3 crystal for high-energy electromagnetic calorimetry

An R&D study has been performed to develop a long CeF 3 crystal for electromagnetic calorimetry in high-energy physics. The successful growth of samples with good quality implies that application could be near.

The E864 lead-scintillating fiber hadronic calorimeter

A large hadronic lead scintillating fiber calorimeter has been built and integrated into the AGS experiment E864 [C. Pruneau et al., E864 Collaboration, Proc. 6th Internal. Conf. on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics, 1996, Frascati, Italy; F. Rotondo et al., E864 Collaboration, Proc. Quark Matter'96, Heidelberg, Germany, 20 May 1996] spectrometer to provide an independent measurement of the mass of particles produced in heavy ion collisions. The “spaghetti-type” calorimeter design and construction techniques are described in detail. Results from a prototype and the full implementation of the calorimeter are reported. The hadronic energy resolution of the calorimeter is found to be 6E/E = 0.035(± 0.005) + 0.344(± 0.008)/trE/GeV, in very good agreement with a FLUKA calculation. The hadronic time resolution is measured to be better than 400 ps. The combined calorimeter energy and time signals provide for a mass determination with good resolution. The mass resolution scales as δm/m = 0.026 + 0.347/√E(GeV) for velocities v/c < 0.98.

High-pressure ionization chambers for calorimetry in high-energy physics

The size and speed of signals produced by alpha particles in pure argon gas at pressures up to 160 atm have been studied. At 100 atm the charge collection efficiency is 80% with much of the loss attributable to recombination. With the addition of 1% methane and an electric field of 1 kV/mm, the electron collection time is 60 ns/mm. The signal size and speed at 100 atm is not affected by O 2 for concentrations of up to 80 ppm.

Calorimetry in High-Energy Physics

Much of our present knowledge about elementary particles has been established through a continuing refinement of techniques for measuring the trajectories of individual charged particles. Only in recent years has a different class of detectors—calorimeters—been widely employed, but these have already greatly influenced the scope of experiments.