Calorific Value Of Briquettes Research Articles

Utilization of durian peel waste and young coconut waste into biobriquettes as a renewable energy source

The increase in durian fruit production in Indonesia in 2021 by 19.40% and coconut fruit production by 1.47% which will be directly proportional to the increase in durian skin waste and young coconut waste produced. These wastes have not been optimally utilized so that their availability is quite a lot in the environment. Both wastes contain large amounts of cellulose, namely 50%-60%. The cellulose element will affect the carbon value so that with this content, waste and young coconut waste can be utilized as raw materials in making briquettes. This utilization is one of the efforts in utilizing waste into renewable energy sources. This study aims to obtain the best briquette characteristics from a mixture of durian peel charcoal with young coconut charcoal in accordance with the briquette characteristics in SNI 01-6235-2000, and to determine the economic value of briquettes. This research method was conducted experimentally, by mixing durian peel charcoal with young coconut charcoal as raw material for briquettes as many as six variations, namely (90% : 10%), (75% : 25%), (60% : 40%), (45% : 55%), (100% durian peel charcoal) and (100% young coconut charcoal). The results showed that sample 3 (60% : 40%) was the best briquette with the highest fix carbon value (72.81%), calorific value (22,124 J/gr or 5,284.23 cal/gr), moisture content (13.83%), volatile content (1.69%), ash content (11.67%) and compressive strength (0.752 kgf/cm2). The SEM test results showed a clean morphological structure of the briquettes with tight voids. The characteristics of biobriquettes produced through six briquette samples meet the standards of volatile content and calorific value of briquettes, and the moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and compressive strength do not meet the characteristics of briquettes according to SNI 01-6235-2000.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Lumpur IPAL Proses Biologi Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif dalam Bentuk Briket

Industrial WWTP sludge has not been used properly, especially biological process WWTP sludge can be used as an alternative fuel in the form of briquettes. The purpose of this study was to determine potential utilization of biological process WWTP sludge as briquettes, and to determine the effect of adding variations charcoal to the quality of briquettes. The biological process WWTP sludge was obtained from the Trio Food, Cianjur. The dried sludge has a calorific value 2468 cal/g. The research methodology includes material drying, size reduction (250 μm), mixing, molding, and briquette drying. Briquettes are made with variations in the addition of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% charcoal. The results of the study showed that the addition of charcoal resulted increase in the water content, fixed carbon, and calorific value of briquettes as well decrease in ash content, and volatile matter. The highest calorific value in the variation of the addition charcoal is 70% at 3819 cal/g, the value still does not meet SNI 1/6235/2000 (standard for wood charcoal briquettes). The biological process WWTP sludge has potential to be used as fuel in the form of briquettes with the addition of coconut shell charcoal and carbonized coal.

Characteristics of Calorific Value of Briquettes Made From Cymbopogon Citratus Waste As an Alternative Fuel

Product diversification through Cymbopogon citratus briquettes as an alternative fuel for the development of renewable energy. The waste from the Cymbopogon citratus production process is a potential source of renewable energy that can be used as briquettes. This is an alternative to reduce dependence on fuel oil energy which is the main need for ordinary people. The purpose of developing Cymbopogon citratus waste briquettes with various variances and the use of tapioca adhesive, in obtaining the characteristics of the calorific value of briquettes. The method of making briquettes by using a press and optimizing the composition of the appropriate mixture as an effort to get the calorific value. From this research, the calorific value of Cymbopogon citratus briquettes is 8230.65 kJ/kg at a percentage mixture of 90 : 10 and its density is 394.90 kg/m3. From the acquisition of these characteristic values, it can be recommended as an alternative fuel in an effort to develop renewable energy in the utilization of lemongrass waste.

Studi Eksperimen Biomassa Padat Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Menggunakan Campuran Limbah Pertanian

Biomass is one of the agricultural wastes that can be used as a substitute for alternative fuels. The biomass needs to be converted into briquettes first, so that it becomes an environmentally friendly fuel. Corn cobs and rice straw are the most common types of agricultural products found in East Java, therefore the potential for alternative fuels that will be obtained will also be higher. This research aims to determine the characteristics of solid fuels (briquettes) including: calorific value of briquettes, water content of briquettes, ash content of briquettes and drop test on briquettes using a mixture of corn cobs and rice straw. The variation of the mixture between corn cobs and rice straw is 1 kg, where 1 kg of corn cobs and straw using a mixture ratio of 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30% and 60%:40% using starch adhesive of 0.001 kg. In addition, it uses two pressure variations, namely: A = 2500 kPa and B = 5000 kPa which are used in briquettes. The results of the research on the characteristics of briquettes such as: The highest calorific value using a mixture of 90% corn cobs and 10% rice straw was obtain at 5546.74 cal/gram. The most optimal moisture content using a suppression load of 5000 kPa using a mixture of 90% corn cobs and 10% rice straw obtained a value of 11.30%. The optimal ash content produced also uses a suppression load of 5000 kPa by using a mixture of 90% corn cobs and 10% rice straw to obtain a value of 20.58%. While the drop test on briquettes using a pressing load of 5000 kPa by using a mixture of 60% corn cobs and 40% rice straw obtained a value of 11.10%, a large reduction in particle size when applied from a height.

EVALUATION OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY OF BRIQUETTES PRODUCED FROM SAWDUST OF DIFFERENT WOOD SPECIES USING STARCH AS BINDER

The study examined the physical properties and combustion efficiency of briquettes produced from sawdust of three selected wood species namely Albizia adianthifolia, Pinus caribbeae and Blighia sapida for household energy utilization. The effect of the binder (cassava starch) on the briquette produced was also assessed. The sawdust and binders were mixed at ratios 150:15, 150:30, and 150:50 in grams respectively. Combustion related properties such as percentage fixed carbon, percentage volatile matter, percentage ash content and calorific values of the briquettes were evaluated. The data obtained were analyzed using 3x3 factorial in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD).The result showed that briquette produced from samples of Pinus caribbeae and Albizia adianthifolia had the highest calorific values of 8559kcal/kg and 7552 kcal/kg respectively. Percentage volatile matter of the wood species varied from 91.44% (Pinus caribbeae), 92.215% (Albizia adianthifolia) and 93.44% (Blighia sapida). Density of the species were 0.009g/cm3 (Blighiasapida), 0.099g/cm3 (Pinus caribbeae), and 0.093g/cm3 (Albizia adianthifolia). The results showed that there was significant differences (p < 0.05) in density and calorific values of the briquettes. There were however no significant differences in percentage ash content, percentage volatile matter and percentage fixed carbon (p < 0.05). The relative high calorific values of briquettes indicate that they can be a good source of domestic and industrial energy use.

Evaluation of hybrid briquettes from corncob and oil palm trunk bark in a domestic cooking application for rural communities in Nigeria

This study developed hybrid briquettes using corncobs and the bark of oil palm trunk (OPTB). The objective was to assess the performance of the briquettes in a cooking application as a potential fuel source for domestic utilization. Corncob was mixed with OPTB in ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 by weight, and wastepaper pulp (10% by weight) was added to each mixture as the binder. The mixtures were densified manually at room temperature using a 20-tonne hydraulic piston press under a ≤7 MPa compaction pressure. The calorific value of the briquettes was determined by a bomb calorimeter, while other fuel properties were determined by proximate and ultimate analysis. The briquettes’ performance was evaluated by a water boiling test, and gaseous emission was determined and reported based carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO2e). Results showed that the volatile matter, ash content, and calorific value increased with the increase in OPTB in the ratios while fixed carbon decreased. Additionally, briquettes produced from ratios 50:50 and 25:75 were similar in values based on the total time taken to ignite briquettes and boil 1 L of water (17.54 min and 17.13 min), fuel burning rate (0.69 kg/h and 0.70 kg/h) and specific fuel consumption (0.16 kg/l and 0.15 kg/l). However, ratio 50:50 performed better in terms of thermal fuel efficiency (17.25%) and produced less ash during combustion and thus, is considered the optimum combination. Greenhouse gas emission of all briquettes ranged from 241 to 281 gCO2e. The results suggest the possibility of producing briquettes with adequate fuel properties for combustion from a blend of corncobs and OPTB. The calorific value and performance of the hybrid briquettes have confirmed and justified the use of OPTB, which have previously not been used for briquette production, thus making a novel contribution to biomass options. The study shows a means of reducing waste, energy shortages, and indoor air pollution in rural communities in Nigeria. Overall, the hybrid briquettes are sustainable, environmentally friendly and cost-efficient compared to fossil fuels.

RESEARCH OF MECHANICAL ACTIVATION OF TECHNICAL HYDROLYSIS LIGNIN AS A COMPONENT OF FUEL BRIQUET

The results of studies of changes in the fractional composition, calorific value and structure of lignin as a component of the fuel briquette as a result of mechanical activation based on the interpretation of experimental research data are given in the article. Criteria for mechanical activation are proposed. To identify the joint effect of mechanical activation time and the proportion of technical in the composition of the briquette, the experiment planning method was applied. As a result of data processing, a regression equation was obtained for predicting the calorific value of briquettes from the lignin content and the time of its mechanical activation, and its adequacy was proved. The developed methods and criteria for evaluating the results of thermogravimetric studies allow us to predict the efficiency of mechanical activation and the calorific value of technical hydrolysis lignin as a component of fuel briquette. At the same time, by varying the compositional composition and technological parameters of briquetting, it is possible to predict the production of fuel briquettes of required quality from wood waste.

THERMAL CAPACITY OF ENRICHED FUEL BRIQUETS PRODUCED FROM THE FINE OF EKIBASTUS COAL

The object of research or development: The object of the research work was coal fines and processes of enrichment of Ekibastuz coal to produce fuel briquettes with increased calorific value and less ash content. Objective: Research, scientific substantiation of technology for obtaining high-calorific coal briquettes from fines of Ekibastuz coal using various binders and the possibility of further coking, designing and manufacturing equipment for the implementation of technology. Method or methodology of the work: The standard methods of theoretical and experimental research widely used in metallurgy, machine building, computer systems, etc. were used in the work. The results of the work and their novelty: The characteristics of briquettes on bio-binding and on petroleum pitch with enrichers in the form of rubber-technical soot and anode dust of electrolysers for aluminum production have been established. It is revealed that the calorific value of briquettes is higher than that of Ekibastuz coal(Pavlodar region) by 20-40%, and the heating value is the highest for briquettes with an enrichment agent in the form of anode dust and a binder in the form of petroleum pitch (-NH combustion = 6840.8 kcal / kg). The structures of the soot separator, sorting and sifting equipment, mixing laboratory equipment, the mouthend briquetting press, the briquetting press and the screw mixer with the heater have been designed. Based on the results of the research, the project manager and co-authors published 15 scientific publications, patents and theses of international conferences. Application area: Briquettes for bio-binding can be used as fuel for combustion in centralized village boiler houses, private houses and farms. Briquettes on petroleum pitch with an enrichment agent in the form of anodic dust of aluminum electrolysis can be used as industrial briquettes for further use in metallurgy. Forecasting assumptions about the development of the object of research: Further studies are required to assess the feasibility of using industrial briquettes for coking and use in metallurgy, the manufacture of laboratory and research equipment to further commercialize the project.

Pvc and polietilentereftalat in the processes of combustion with substandard coal

For particles of binders – gas chlorvinyl is characterized by the consolidation of particles into a solid polymer phase with a slight increase in temperature due to adhesion and the formation of larger aggregates – polymer coagulants, which is accompanied by physicochemical and thermal processes such as adsorption, adhesion, coagulation and the formation of new phases. Thus, the interfacial interaction between the surface of the coal and gaseous vinyl chloride results in the contact of condensed matter of different nature, and the adhesion of PVC in the presence of coal particles provides between the particles of the briquettes the connection of a certain strength through physical or chemical molecular forces. To produce durable briquettes were also used supplements polyethylene terephthalate improves the calorific value and energetic properties of the resulting briquettes. Experiments with different concentrations of polyethylene terephthalate showed that with increasing concentration of this binder, the calorific value of briquettes is increased linearly.

CHARACTERIZATION OF BRIQUETTE FROM HALABAN CHARCOAL AND COAL COMBUSTION ASHES

The basis of this project was to make briquettes using waste materials. Halaban charcoal that is one of export commodities from South Kalimantan, produce a waste of charcoal. In our previous work, the halaban’s waste still has high carbon energy. The halaban’s waste mixed with combustion ashes from power plant, which were fly and bottom ashes. All of ingredients were crushed to 250 meshs in size and mixed in different compositions. The mixtures were molded and pressed at 150 Kg/cm2 then were dried using sunlight. Each type of briquettes was characterized and analyzed the physical-chemical properties, such as water content, ash content and calorific value. The results showed that the water content, ash content and calorific value of briquettes, in average, are range from 2.9-4.1%; 0.3-25% and 4749-6621 cal/gr, respectively. Only the composition of 90:10 of halaban charcoal and ashes is suitable with Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI).

Thermal Capacity of Enriched Fuel Briquets Produced from the Fine of Ekibastuz Coal

The object of the research work was coal fines and processes of enrichment of Ekibastuz coal to produce fuel briquettes with increased calorific value and less ash content. Research, scientific substantiation of technology for obtaining high-calorific coal briquettes from fines of Ekibastuz coal, using various binders and the possibility of further coking, designing and manufacturing equipment for the implementation of technology, was made. The standard methods of theoretical and experimental research widely used in metallurgy, machine building, computer systems, etc. were used in the work. The characteristics of briquettes on bio-binding and on petroleum pitch with enrichers in the form of rubber-technical soot and anode dust of electrolysis cell for aluminum production have been established. It is revealed that the calorific value of briquettes is higher than that of Ekibastuz coal (Pavlodar region) by 20-40%, and the heating value is the highest for briquettes with an enrichment agent in the form of anode dust and a binder in the form of petroleum pitch (-NH combustion = 6840.8 kcal / kg). Briquettes on petroleum pitch with an enrichment agent in the form of anodic dust of aluminum electrolysis can be used as industrial briquettes for further use in metallurgy.

Briquettes production for use as power source for combustion using charcoal thin waste and sanitary sewage sludge.

This study evaluated the feasibility of production of briquettes using fine charcoal, sewage sludge, and mixtures thereof for use in energy production. The briquettes of 7-8cm diameter and 20cm length were produced in the conical press extruder type, mixing sewage sludge to charcoal fines in different ratios: 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0, with the addition of a binder (glue flour) in a ratio of 8mass% prepared for briquetting. After air drying (temperatures between 24 and 30°C) for 48h, the mechanical, thermal, and morphological characterizations were performed. The morphological properties of the briquettes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The briquettes produced had mechanical strength, with values between 210 and 420kgf, and densities between 0.75 and 0.91gcm-3. The calorific value of briquettes was in the range from 13.21 to 23.10MJkg-1, in which there was an increase with the increase of concentration of charcoal fines in the mixture. Thermogravimetric analysis showed mass losses that occurred in the temperature range between 150 and 740°C. The results of the mechanical and thermal properties showed the feasibility of using fine charcoal briquettes from sewage sludge as well as mixtures thereof, for the production of energy. The fine charcoal briquette was the one with the highest calorific value, but not showed the highest resistance to mechanical shock.