Context Of Calls Research Articles

A Historical - Grammatical Study of Genesis 3:15, the Seedbed of the Theme of Enmity in Genesis

This thesis argues that the Genesis 3:15 reveals a historical progression to hostility and competition between the snake and the woman, as well as between their offspring, which is exemplified by the enmities between Cain and Abel, Noah and Ham, Abraham and Lot, Jacob and Esau, Jacob's sons and Shechem, and Joseph. This thesis uses the Historical-grammatical approach to analyze Genesis, showing how the subject of hostility evolved throughout the book. It assumes that if the context of the text calls for it, there is sufficient latitude to employ other strategies. The thesis's understanding of enmity is informed by אֵיבָה (enmity), which is used in the LXX (ἔχθρα) to refer to foes in conflict among gentiles and personal enemies. The word study supports the idea that family animosity eventually turns into national animosity between Israel and other Canaanite countries. The discussion of animosity in Gen. 3:15 is divided into three parts: first, the serpent's attempt to get close to the woman ends in enduring hostility, second, the animosity that started with the woman and the serpent will be carried on by their offspring, and third, this conflict needs to be viewed in a progressive manner.

Design Concerns for Integrated Scripting and Interactive Visualization in Notebook Environments.

Interactive visualization can support fluid exploration but is often limited to predetermined tasks. Scripting can support a vast range of queries but may be more cumbersome for free-form exploration. Embedding interactive visualization in scripting environments, such as computational notebooks, provides an opportunity to leverage the strengths of both direct manipulation and scripting. We investigate interactive visualization design methodology, choices, and strategies under this paradigm through a design study of calling context trees used in performance analysis, a field which exemplifies typical exploratory data analysis workflows with Big Data and hard to define problems. We first produce a formal task analysis assigning tasks to graphical or scripting contexts based on their specificity, frequency, and suitability. We then design a notebook-embedded interactive visualization and validate it with intended users. In a follow-up study, we present participants with multiple graphical and scripting interaction modes to elicit feedback about notebook-embedded visualization design, finding consensus in support of the interaction model. We report and reflect on observations regarding the process and design implications for combining visualization and scripting in notebooks.

Subversion and Reconstruction: The Classic Retelling of Margaret Atwood’s Impatient Griselda

Margaret Atwood frequently employs the technique of retelling classics, as exemplified by her innovative subversion of “Patient Griselda”, the final story in Giovanni Boccaccio’s The Decameron, with her own version, “Impatient Griselda”. Through the lens of postmodern feminism, “Impatient Griselda” deconstructs the human cultural center and the binary gender by narrating the story from the perspective of the Other of an alien. This narrative choice highlights the inherent biases and limitations of anthropocentrism and traditional gender roles. By contrasting the distinct differences and the evolution of female protagonists’ subjectivity in both the original and Atwood’s retelling, “Impatient Griselda” underscores the significance of challenging patriarchal structures and overturning conventional female values as essential steps toward women’s liberation. Furthermore, Atwood digs into the roots of gender power imbalances, particularly as they manifest in domestic violence. Through her retelling, she advocates for increased awareness and attention to the contemporary living conditions of women. By reframing the narrative and giving voice to the traditionally silenced or marginalized, Atwood not only critiques the historical context of gender relations but calls for a reevaluation of modern societal norms as well. This expanded narrative serves as a poignant reminder of the ongoing struggle for gender equality and the necessity of continued feminist discourse.

Social connectedness in spatial audio calling contexts

People often use audio-only communication to connect with others. Spatialization of audio has been previously found to improve immersion, presence, and social presence during conversations. We propose that spatial audio improves social connectedness between dyads. Participants engaged in three 8-min semi-structured conversations with an acquainted partner in three conditions: in-person communication, monaural audio communication, and spatial audio communication. Using Media Naturalness Theory as our theoretical framework, we found that the use of spatial audio benefited aspects of social connectedness. While in-person communication yielded the greatest social connectedness, spatial audio better facilitated social connectedness than traditional monaural communication. Spatial audio improved feelings of being physically in the same room and being on the same wavelength and produced more nonverbal behaviors associated with rapport building than monaural communication.

Leveling up to honour ethical relationality: pedagogical documentation as methodological entanglement

ABSTRACT Education today is not simple nor does it occur in isolation. Educators, now more than ever, are teaching within the global context of calls to action for truth and reconciliation with Indigenous communities around the world and a growing awareness of the damage caused by unsustainable human consumption of the environment. Drawing from an ongoing professional development project involving educators across four childcare centres, this article explores “leveling up” using Pedagogical Documentation and Barad (2007) diffractive thinking to explore new ways to help our human-centred and colonised minds understand Indigenous world views and see ourselves as part of the environment. The way we view PD must be considered critically, knowing that when we work to name, produce, catalyse and move learning forward we must also attend to how various matters have come to matter and how we (as observers and documenters) are part of this relational encounter. What we name as educative in the teaching and learning processes rests on our world view. This article addresses the question: How might leveling up and diffractive methodology inform our use of Pedagogical Documentation and take us beyond traditional human centred and bounded ways of seeing the world and curriculum?

Scarcity of P-fertilisers: Humic-complexed phosphate as an adaptive solution for wheat and maize under rainfed conditions

The current context of food security and global geopolitical crises calls for proactive efforts to seek adaptive strategies for limited resources in agriculture. The production of phosphatic-based fertilisers has caused a substantial depletion of natural phosphorus (P) reserves, raising concerns about price increases due to the growing demand for P. The aim of the study is to assess whether the use of liquid organo-mineral P-complexes can be an adaptive strategy to address the issue of the limited P-fertiliser resource. A complete randomised block design was implemented with three replicates, spanning two contrasting cropping seasons under a Mediterranean climate with reduced tillage and rainfed conditions. The study aimed to assess the response of a durum wheat–maize rotation to various rates of liquid organo-mineral P-complexes (humic-complexed phosphate; HCP) in comparison to granular triple superphosphate (TSP). The evaluation focused on several parameters, including P availability, plant architecture, dry matter accumulation, grain yield and yield components and P use efficiency (PUE) for both durum wheat and maize. The results revealed that applying HCP at a rate of 4 or 8 kg ha−1 increased soil P availability on average by 66% and 144%, respectively, compared to the control (no P-fertilisation), although a significant interaction with the monitoring year emerged. For wheat, applying HCP at a rate of 8 kg ha−1 of P resulted in higher grain yield (+15%), protein content (+0.9%) and P uptake (+48%) than the control on average considering both monitoring years. In the season characterised by favourable rainfall patterns, the application of HCP at 5 or 10 kg ha−1 of P for maize showed similar effects in terms of soil P availability, dry matter accumulation, grain yields and PUE. Conversely, in the season marked by a deficiency in summer precipitation, low PUE for maize was observed for HCP fertilisers, although they remained positive, unlike the case of TSP. Using HCP in conservation agriculture appears promising as an adaptive solution to address P-fertiliser scarcity, especially amid food security challenges and global crises. However, further studies are required to validate these findings in diverse pedo-climatic contexts and cropping systems.

ECR Spotlight – Kazuki Yoshino-Hashizawa

ECR Spotlight is a series of interviews with early-career authors from a selection of papers published in Journal of Experimental Biology and aims to promote not only the diversity of early-career researchers (ECRs) working in experimental biology during our centenary year but also the huge variety of animals and physiological systems that are essential for the ‘comparative’ approach. Kazuki Yoshino-Hashizawa is an author on ‘ The distress context of social calls evokes a fear response in the bat Pipistrellus abramus’, published in JEB. Kazuki is a PhD student in the lab of Shizuko Hiryu and Kohta I. Kobayasi at the Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Japan, investigating decision-making processes via vocal communication with a focus on emotion and/or individuality.

Computational Model for Predicting Particle Fracture During Electrode Calendering

AbstractIn the context of calling for low carbon emissions, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely concerned as a power source for electric vehicles, so the fundamental science behind their manufacturing has attracted much attention in recent years. Calendering is an important step of the LIB electrode manufacturing process, and associated changes in the electrode microstructure and mechanical properties are worthy of study. In this work, we report the observed cracking of active material (AM) particles due to calendering pressure under ex situ X‐ray nano tomography experiments. We developed an innovative 3D discrete element method (DEM) model with bonded connections to physically mimic the calendering process using real AM particle shapes derived from the tomography experiments. The DEM model can well predict the change of the morphology of the dry electrode under pressure, and the changes of the applied pressure and porosity are consistent with the experimental values. At the same time, the model is able to simulate the secondary AM particles cracking by the fracture of the bonds under force. Our model is the first of its kind that can predict the fracture of the secondary particles along the calendering process. This work provides a tool for guidance in the manufacturing of optimized LIB electrodes.

A Cocktail Approach to Practical Call Graph Construction

After decades of research, constructing call graphs for modern C-based software remains either imprecise or inefficient when scaling up to the ever-growing complexity. The main culprit is the difficulty of resolving function pointers, as precise pointer analyses are cubic in nature and become exponential when considering calling contexts. This paper takes a practical stance by first conducting a comprehensive empirical study of function pointer manipulations in the wild. By investigating 5355 indirect calls in five popular open-source systems, we conclude that, instead of the past uniform treatments for function pointers, a cocktail approach can be more effective in “squeezing” the number of difficult pointers to a minimum using a potpourri of cheap methods. In particular, we decompose the costs of constructing highly precise call graphs of big code by tailoring several increasingly precise algorithms and synergizing them into a concerted workflow. As a result, many indirect calls can be precisely resolved in an efficient and principled fashion, thereby reducing the final, expensive refinements. This is, in spirit, similar to the well-known cocktail medical therapy. The results are encouraging — our implemented prototype called Coral can achieve similar precision versus the previous field-, flow-, and context-sensitive Andersen-style call graph construction, yet scale up to millions of lines of code for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, by evaluating the produced call graphs through the lens of downstream clients (i.e., use-after-free detection, thin slicing, and directed grey-box fuzzing), the results show that Coral can dramatically improve their effectiveness for better vulnerability hunting, understanding, and reproduction. More excitingly, we found twelve confirmed bugs (six impacted by indirect calls) in popular systems (e.g., MariaDB), spreading across multiple historical versions.

Understanding and Mitigating Twin Function Misuses in Operating System Kernel

Major operating system kernels expose twin functions, which are groups of internal primitives that have mostly common but slightly diverging semantics, to kernel modules and subsystems. They are created to make the basic primitives work well in various scenarios. Unfortunately, though being expected as solutions, twin functions may turn to problem-makers in practice. As we have observed from over 500 patches applied to upstream Linux and FreeBSD, developers choose an improper one from the twins, leaving the kernel with stability and security bugs as well as error-prone code. In this paper, we aim to understand and mitigate the twin function misuse problem. First, we provide an informative discussion on the misuse-fix patches. We find that violating the constraints from calling context, missing the primitives with better performance, lacking the necessary security enhancements, and breaking the kernel coding style are the four major factors that lead to misuse. We then identify the programming rules from the patches and apply them with a static program analysis tool extended from Coccinelle, including callgraph tainting and type-based function pointer resolving. We have 136 patches accepted by the Linux community and fix 320 new misuses in the upstream Linux kernel.

DAISY: Dynamic-Analysis-Induced Source Discovery for Sensitive Data

Mobile apps are widely used and often process users’ sensitive data. Many taint analysis tools have been applied to analyze sensitive information flows and report data leaks in apps. These tools require a list of sources (where sensitive data is accessed) as input, and researchers have constructed such lists within the Android platform by identifying Android API methods that allow access to sensitive data. However, app developers may also define methods or use third-party library’s methods for accessing data. It is difficult to collect such source methods, because they are unique to the apps, and there are a large number of third-party libraries available on the market that evolve over time. To address this problem, we propose DAISY, a Dynamic-Analysis-Induced Source discoverY approach for identifying methods that return sensitive information from apps and third-party libraries. Trained on an automatically labeled dataset of methods and their calling context, DAISY identifies sensitive methods in unseen apps. We evaluated DAISY on real-world apps, and the results show that DAISY can achieve an overall precision of 77.9% when reporting the most confident results. Most of the identified sources and leaks cannot be detected by existing technologies.

IFDS-based Context Debloating for Object-Sensitive Pointer Analysis

Object-sensitive pointer analysis, which separates the calling contexts of a method by its receiver objects, is known to achieve highly useful precision for object-oriented languages such as Java. Despite recent advances, all object-sensitive pointer analysis algorithms still suffer from the scalability problem due to the combinatorial explosion of contexts in large programs. In this article, we introduce a new approach, Conch , that can be applied to debloat contexts for all object-sensitive pointer analysis algorithms, thereby improving significantly their efficiency while incurring a negligible loss of precision. Our key insight is to approximate a recently proposed set of two necessary conditions for an object in a program to be context-sensitive, i.e., context-dependent (whose precise verification is undecidable) with a set of three linearly verifiable conditions in terms of the number of edges in the pointer assignment graph (PAG) representation of the program. These three linearly verifiable conditions, which turn out to be almost always necessary in practice, are synthesized from three key observations regarding context-dependability for the objects created and used in real-world object-oriented programs. To develop a practical implementation for Conch , we introduce an IFDS-based algorithm for reasoning about object reachability in the PAG of a program, which runs linearly in terms of the number of edges in the PAG. By debloating contexts for three representative object-sensitive pointer analysis algorithms, which are applied to a set of representative Java programs, Conch can speed up these three baseline algorithms substantially at only a negligible loss of precision (less than 0.1%) with respect to several commonly used precision metrics. In addition, Conch also improves their scalability by enabling them to analyze substantially more programs to completion than before (under a time budget of 12 hours). Conch has been open-sourced (http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~corg/tools/conch), opening up new opportunities for other researchers and practitioners to further improve this research. To demonstrate this, we introduce one extension of Conch to accelerate further the three baselines without losing any precision, providing further insights on extending Conch to make precision-efficiency tradeoffs in future research.

DRAWING TO DISRUPT: ALTERNATIVE NARRATIVES TO THE MANOSPHERE

Content calling out everyday sexism on social media has grown in prominence in recent years through the work of feminist Instagram accounts such as @theequalityinstitute, @disbonjoursalepute and @vulgadrawings. At the same time, materials associated with the so-called ‘manosphere’ on forums that promote the narrative that men are victims of women’s empowerment have proliferated. Intersecting with colonial, far-right and white supremacist views, this content promotes traditionalist gender norms that eschew feminism and are imbued with misogyny. Popular feminist influencer and cartoonist Lily O’Farrell’s (@vulgadrawings) memes about sexism began to engage with the nuances of the manosphere in 2021 when she decided to talk to young men who were trolling her Instagram account. These men had become aware of her account after it was shared in a men’s rights subreddit group. Concerned that the group was made up of young men predominantly aged 16-23, O’Farrell decided to investigate the movement by joining Incel (involuntary celibate) subreddit groups. Following these investigations, the cartoonist produced a series of meme drawings titled: ‘Everything I’ve learned about Incels’ (2021), which illuminates the dynamics of the phenomenon for her mostly feminist 266 000 followers. Instead of demonising Incels, her drawings provide an anatomy of the movement that allows viewers insight into its logics. O’Farrell’s drawings 'call people in' within a context of calling out everyday misogyny. Through a multimodal content analysis, this paper considers them as a possible alternative narrative strategy that disrupt gender assumptions through empathetic engagement with young men at risk of violent misogynist radicalisation.

Acoustic Communication of the Killer Whale, Orcinus orca

Functional use of killer whale pulsed calls is an important facet of their communication. The complexity of their vocalizations presents opportunities for theoretical and structural analysis of such calls. This study seeks to answer questions regarding social and behavioral context of monophonic and biphonic calls, how they can be classified using computer science technology, and what possible mechanisms for sound modulation exist anatomically in varying populations of Orcinus orca. The method used to guide this review is described by Arksey and O’Malley as the scoping review method (Pham et al., 2014). All research included in this review is organized into a data table for reference. Features of killer whale communication were broken down into multiple definitive groups including clicks, whistles, pulsed, discrete, aberrant, variable, monophonic, and biphonic calls. Computer network analysis of the vocalizations has provided a framework for comparing and classifying both similar and dissimilar calls. Restricted study of the anatomy of vocal producing organs in this species has limited true understanding of both sound generation and the extent of vocal manipulation, but distinct biological structures have been identified and their significance discussed. Concrete conclusions over niche usage of calls in killer whale society have not been made, however, it is known that most calls are too complex to only be associated with a singular behavioral or social context. Rather, their complexity has furthered the need for additional research to be conducted.

Influencing supply chain practice: the action principles approach applied to pandemic risk management

PurposeThis paper offers a novel approach for conducting impactful research on emerging topics or practices. This method is particularly relevant in the face of emerging phenomena and new dynamics, such as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on supply chain risks. Because these new phenomena and dynamics are relatively unexplored, little prior knowledge exists in literature and industry, and they represent a large opportunity and/or challenge to practitioners.Design/methodology/approachThe action principles research (APR) approach, as a newer version of critically engaged research (CER), offers comparison against more traditional empirical or intervention-based research. The authors illustrate the approach with a pandemic risk-management study.FindingsThe APR approach originated in the information technology field. It is highly applicable for researchers who are seeking to more expeditiously support decision making and actioning on new dynamics and emerging topics and practice in supply chain management than is allowed by traditional methods and longitudinal CER.Originality/valueIn the context of ongoing calls for relevance, impact and actionable findings on pandemic risk management, this paper describes an approach to developing timely findings that are actionable for practitioners and that advance science around dynamic and emerging topics or practices. We hope this will grow societal value of research, particularly in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and the new dynamics and uncertainties that managers face in modern supply chains.

Shaken, not stirred: blue whales show no acoustic response to earthquake events.

Quantifying how animals respond to disturbance events bears relevance for understanding consequences to population health. We investigate whether blue whales respond acoustically to naturally occurring episodic noise by examining calling before and after earthquakes (27 040 calls, 32 earthquakes; 27 January–29 June 2016). Two vocalization types were evaluated: New Zealand blue whale song and downswept vocalizations ('D calls'). Blue whales did not alter the number of D calls, D call received level or song intensity following earthquakes (paired t-tests, p > 0.7 for all). Linear models accounting for earthquake strength and proximity revealed significant relationships between change in calling activity surrounding earthquakes and prior calling activity (D calls: R2 = 0.277, p < 0.0001; song: R2 = 0.080, p = 0.028); however, these same relationships were true for ‘null’ periods without earthquakes (D calls: R2 = 0.262, p < 0.0001; song: R2 = 0.149, p = 0.0002), indicating that the pattern is driven by blue whale calling context regardless of earthquake presence. Our findings that blue whales do not respond to episodic natural noise provide context for interpreting documented acoustic responses to anthropogenic noise sources, including shipping traffic and petroleum development, indicating that they potentially evolved tolerance for natural noise sources but not novel noise from anthropogenic origins.

Re-designing a regulatory scale for dynamic assessment in the synchronous text chat environment in collaboration with teachers

The discussion on the dynamic assessment (DA) - a combination of assessment and instruction - and regulatory scales from implicit to explicit corrective feedback (CF) is relatively new in the CALL context. Applying the notions of Sociocultural Theory, Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and Mediation, the present study examines how a DA-based regulatory scale from implicit to explicit CF could be designed to promote language learning in the text chat environment. This was done in collaboration with teachers. Four English-as-a-second-language (ESL) teachers and eight ESL students participated in the study. Using the methodology of design-based research (DBR), the study was conducted mainly in three stages: exploratory stage, first intervention, and second intervention. This study drew on various data. Naturally occurring interaction data such as teachers’ oral conversation transcripts and text chat transcripts were analysed using conversation analysis, while the teachers’ interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Thus, employing DBR, the present study introduces a three-step regulatory scale that could promote learning in the text chat environment. The findings suggest that the three-step regulatory scale could be used by teachers to identify the learner’s potential and assist them in partial or complete self-regulation. The study will introduce a DA-based regulatory scale to promote language learning in the text chat environment and contribute to the knowledge of DA, ZPD and mediation in the CALL context.

Abstract 5694: Accurate detection of microsatellite instability (MSI) in matched and unmatched clinical tumor samples using the Pillar oncoReveal MSI panel

Abstract Introduction: MSI is caused by mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes that result in increased insertions and deletions within simple repeats in the genome. The MSI-High (MSI-H) phenotype is prevalent in Lynch Syndrome, caused by the inheritance of MMR loss-of-function alleles as well as in 15% of all colorectal cancers. Accurate, timely detection of MSI is important for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapies that take advantage of increased expression of neoantigens in MSI-H tumors. The Pillar oncoReveal MSI Panel is a targeted NGS assay comprised of a single-tube multiplex PCR-based chemistry and companion Pillar Variant Analysis Toolkit (PiVAT) software with MSIsensor-based detection of tumor MSI status. We report the accuracy of the PiVAT MSI module in detection of tumor MSI status without the need for a matched normal comparator. Methods: 56 pairs of clinical tumor and matched normal FFPE samples were analyzed using the oncoReveal MSI Panel. MSI status was verified by a standard MSI detection method. Illumina sequencing was performed using a PE2x150 protocol. PiVAT determines MSI status using MSIsensor. Call performance on Burrows-Wheeler Alignment (BWA) BAM files was compared with PiVAT’s paired-end assembled and filtered BAM files (PBAM). In both cases coverage normalization and FDR thresholds were set to 1. In a second experiment, 88 clinical normal tissue samples were combined with the matched tumor/normal samples and analyzed using the PiVAT MSI module’s unmatched calling protocol using a synthetic pooled normal. Results: MSI was first assessed in matched tumor/normal samples using MSIsensor. Preliminary analyses revealed a greater separation of MSI scores between MSI-positive and -negative tumors when MSIsensor was run on PBAM vs BWA-generated BAM files. Due to high individual variability at MS sites, MSI detection is difficult for tumor samples with no available matched normal tissue. Hierarchical clustering demonstrated that a subset of MS sites exhibited low variability between normal samples and showed large differences between MSI-H tumor, and MS stable (MSS) tumor and/or normal samples when compared to a pooled normal baseline. Analyses based on the full target set did not accurately detect differences between MSI-H and MSS tumor or normal samples in the pooled normal calling context. When using a clustered subset of sites, MSI-detection was comparable with the matched tumor/normal context. Conclusions: We developed a robust assay for MSI detection in multiple tumor types that encompasses library generation, data analysis, and diagnosis with 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity. We also demonstrate that accurate MSI-detection is possible in the absence of matched normal tissue, using a pooled normal reference and a curated target set. Citation Format: Jordan Aldersley, Michael Liu, Lixing Qi, Ye Jiao, Akuah Kontor, Yue Ke, Zhaohui Wang. Accurate detection of microsatellite instability (MSI) in matched and unmatched clinical tumor samples using the Pillar oncoReveal MSI panel [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5694.

When Theatre Can Wait

On October 17, 2019, riots broke out in Lebanon in response to heightened economic pressure and corruption scandals surrounding the political elite. Within days, Lebanon witnessed one of its largest protests with people flooding the streets across the country and repurposing public spaces. As a resident at the time and activist in solidarity, I searched for theatre arts initiatives within the protest movement. A colleague ended my hunt with one, clear statement: “Theatre can wait.” She argued that this was a time to regroup, to stand en masse with people in the streets. Only a few months later, the pandemic-induced lockdown that swept over Lebanon and abroad enforced another form of silence on theatre artists and activists. The streets went quiet, theatres stood empty, doors were shut. In both of these instances, with or without deliberation, theatre stood still. My colleague's words during the protests - and the context of pandemic lockdown that followed - led me to question when, if at all, theatre should be silent, specifically within the activist initiatives. In the midst of protest movements, what is the significance of socially engaged theatre practice that is still: is it a reflective pause, an opportunity to (re)consider activist strategies, to collectively listen and gather strength? If so, how is the significance of silence transformed when it is imposed by physical restrictions? The following provocation argues that engaging with the idea of silence is an essential skill within the context of socio-political urgency and protest-led calls to action that resound globally today.

The 1.5°C climate and energy scenarios: impacts on economic growth

Abstract In the context of calls for ‘de-growth’ (reduction in gross domestic product, [GDP]) in developed countries for them to be able to reduce emissions to ‘net zero’ in time for the temperature target in the Paris Agreement to be met, this article explores the various impacts on economic growth in the scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that limit the average global temperature increase in 2100 to 1.5°C. It finds that the impacts are generally small and that in no case is ‘degrowth’ required, although the requirements for the rate and nature of technological developments are challenging. The article then reports on a modelling exercise that investigates in more detail the economic dynamics of achieving the 1.5°C target. It finds that, as with the IPCC scenarios, and assuming the feasibility of at-scale deployment of carbon capture and negative emission technologies, economic growth continues throughout this century, with a major contribution coming from the investment required to decarbonise the energy system.